/308 0 Behavioral Sciences Preparation 1 / 308 1) Based on the title of a research paper below:“A Theory-based online health behavior intervention for new university students: study protocol”, the paper is categorized as: a. Cognitive intervention b. Combined medical and behavioral intervention c. Behavioral intervention d. Medical intervention 2 / 308 2) Interventions in behavioral studies are in form of: a. New treatment regimen b. New treatment procedure c. Education programs d. New drugs 3 / 308 3) Disease-coding genes are examples of: a. Social Determinants b. Environmental Determinants c. Cultural Determinants d. Biological Determinants 4 / 308 4) Approach used in public policy interventions is a. Authoritative at collective level b. Participatory at individual level c. Authoritative at individual level d. Participatory at collective level 5 / 308 5) Social supports are in form of all below, except: a. Intellect b. Information c. Emotion d. Instruments 6 / 308 6) Natural course of a disease progresses into following stages except a. Symptom stage b. Treatment stage c. Latent stage d. Pre-disease stage 7 / 308 7) Approach used in community interventions is: a. Participatory at collective level b. Authoritative at individual level c. Authoritative at collective level d. Participatory at individual level 8 / 308 8) The following statements are implied to the secondary prevention except a. Screening for hypertension risk factors b. Screening for diabetes risk factors c. Promoting healthy lifestyles d. Screening for cervical risk factors 9 / 308 9) According to Haghdoost et al., family protective factors for health behavior are all below, except: a. Father education b. Family attachment c. Family religion d. Mother education 10 / 308 10) A good counselor at least consists of the following characters except ___________________ a. Empathy and attentiveness b. Giving solution and answers c. Be trustful d. Acceptance 11 / 308 11) A good counselor at least consists of the following characters except ___________________ a. Acceptance b. Empathy c. Honest d. Blaming 12 / 308 12) General adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of the following stages except a. Resistance stage b. Alarm stage c. Exhaustion stage d. Fight and flight stage 13 / 308 13) There are many components of health behavior modification. They consists the following conditions except a. Change agent b. Negative reinforcement c. Facilitation d. Positive reinforcement 14 / 308 14) Below are components of socio-economic status, except: a. Income b. Social support c. Job status d. Education 15 / 308 15) Health belief model is a psychological model attempt to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on following variables except_________________ a. Knowledge b. Enforcement c. Attitude d. Belief 16 / 308 16) Globally, socioeconomic status (i.e. education, occupation, income) has influenced on people’s health status. Low SES groups are vulnerable to the following conditions except ________________________. a. Limited access to health services b. Higher rates of diseases c. Shorter life expectancy d. Better healthy life styles 17 / 308 17) Discrimination is categorized in: a. Environmental Determinants b. Biological Determinants c. Cultural Determinants d. Social Determinants 18 / 308 18) Family warmth is defined as: a. Overall satisfaction with family life. b. Ability to manage daily tasks in context of supportive environment. c. Caring and nurturance between family members. d. Emotional bonding between family members. 19 / 308 19) Group level interventions are emphasized on the interpersonal process between friends, relatives, family or collective members through adaptive behavior on groups either interpersonal acceleration or deceleration. Which one of following conditions is implied the interpersonal acceleration a. Alcohol treatment program b. Weight control for obesity program c. Vaccination program d. De-worming program among school children 20 / 308 20) Behavioral interventions has: a. 3 levels b. 4 levels c. 5 levels d. 2 levels 21 / 308 21) The following statements are not applied to the tertiary prevention except a. Quit smoking and alcohol b. Less sugar and salty food c. Promote healthy lifestyle d. Care of symptomatic diseases 22 / 308 22) What is the top leading cause of death in Cambodia since 2012? a. ARI and TB b. Diabetes c. Hypertension d. Cancers 23 / 308 23) In the resistance stage, the following conditions are correct except a. Tense muscle relax b. Digestive system slows down c. Pupil returns to normal d. Breathing rate returns to normal level 24 / 308 24) Stress is described as the following conditions except a. Stressor stimulus b. Mind reactions to daily demand c. Psychosocial responses daily demand d. Physical reactions to every day demand 25 / 308 25) In Transtheoretical model (stages of change), which of the following is related to the contemplation stage? a. repeating actions b. trying to maintain actions c. planning actions d. Considering a behaviour change 26 / 308 26) The following statements are implied to the primary prevention except a. Eliminating signs and symptoms of infection b. Removing risk factors of infection e c. Eliminating causes of head injuries d. Eliminating risk factors of cardio vascular diseases 27 / 308 27) There are many skills that good counselors should have. The following statements are skills needed to be a good counselor except ___________________ a. Be patient b. Talking a lot c. Listening d. Tolerance 28 / 308 28) In Health belief model, which of the following is NOT one of the beliefs? a. perceived barriers b. perceived convenience c. perceived benefits d. perceived susceptibility 29 / 308 29) According to the class lecture on “Society, culture and family and health”, the median age for first marriage is about _______ years of age for Cambodia women? a. 22 b. 20 c. 23 d. 21 30 / 308 30) Below are examples of effects of “social relationships” on health behaviors, except: a. Working as a subordinate who has high stress level and low decision making power. b. Having friends who use drugs. c. Having violent neighbors. d. Working at a place where all colleagues smoke. 31 / 308 31) Approach used in community interventions is a. Participatory at individual level b. Authoritative at collective level c. Authoritative at individual level d. Participatory at collective level 32 / 308 32) What are the main categories of determinants of health? a. Biological, Lifestyle/behaviors, Social and Environmental. b. Biological, Lifestyle/behaviors, Social and Ecological. c. Biological, Lifestyle/behaviors and Social. d. Biological, Lifestyle/behaviors, Social and Political. 33 / 308 33) The following statements are implied to the secondary prevention except a. Interrupt sign and symptom of disease b. Interrupt diabetes process before it becomes symptomatic c. Interrupt disease process before it becomes symptomatic d. Interrupt high blood pressure before it become symptomatic 34 / 308 34) Adrenaline responds faster to stress (emergency hormone), but cortisol reacts slowly to stress. They both are released during stressful conditions and cause many changes to body. Please choose the most correct answer in relation to the effects of adrenaline and cortisol in the body: During stressful conditions a. Heart rate and blood pressure decrease b. Heart rate and blood pressure increase c. Heart rate increase while blood pressure decrease d. Heart rate slowdown while blood pressure increase 35 / 308 35) Poor health habits are firmly established and performed often_______________________ a. Automatic with awareness b. Non-automatic with awareness c. Non- automatic without awareness d. Automatic without awareness 36 / 308 36) Adrenaline responds faster to stress (emergency hormone), but cortisol reacts slowly to stress. They both are released during stressful conditions and cause many changes to body. Please choose the most correct answer in relation to the effects of adrenaline and cortisol in the body: During stressful conditions a. Breathing rate decreases providing more oxygen to cells b. Breathing rate decreases providing less oxygen to cells c. Respiration increases providing more oxygen to cells d. Respiration increases providing less oxygen to cells 37 / 308 37) Which statement below is true about tobacco use? a. Impacts become lesser when duration is longer. b. More than 50% of current smokers started smoking in adolescence. c. More common in high income levels. d. More common in high education levels. 38 / 308 38) What is the core symptoms of anxiety? a. Poor sleep b. Aggression c. Suicide ideation d. Excessive fear and worry 39 / 308 39) Stage of change model was first developed in 1992 to explain and predict the health behavior. The model emphasizes following variables except a. Action b. Awareness c. Efficiency d. Commitment 40 / 308 40) The following statements are not implied to the tertiary prevention except a. Reduce sugar, salty food and fat b. Promote healthy lifestyle c. Screening for diabetes risk factors d. Management of symptom diseases 41 / 308 41) According to Breslow & Enstrom (1980), there have been 7 good health habits that contribute to the longevity. Following statements are implied for the healthy habits except: a. Regular physical exercises b. Weight control (< 10% overweight) c. Skip meal often d. Moderate alcohol with 1-2 drinks each day 42 / 308 42) Approach used in individual interventions is a. Participatory at collective level b. Authoritative at collective level c. Participatory at individual level d. Authoritative at individual level 43 / 308 43) Following statements are implied health compromising behaviors except: a. Regular exercise b. Cigarette smoking c. Driving behavior d. Excessive alcohol drinking 44 / 308 44) Employment is categorized in: a. Environmental Determinants b. Biological Determinants c. Social Determinants d. Cultural Determinants 45 / 308 45) The following statements are implied to the secondary prevention except a. Screening for diabetes risk factors b. Screening for breast cancer risk factor c. Screening for hypertension risk factors d. Interrupt causes of non- communicable diseases 46 / 308 46) In Health belief model, which of the following best describes perceived severity? a. beliefs concerning the values/benefits from reducing the risk of a disease or condition b. beliefs concerning risk or susceptibility to a disease or condition c. beliefs concerning the possible obstacles/barriers encountered in reducing the risk of a disease or condition d. beliefs concerning the possible severity of a disease or condition 47 / 308 47) Health behaviors are predominantly related to: a. Psychological and physical factors b. Biological and psychological factors c. Biological and social factor d. Psychological and social factor 48 / 308 48) Anxiety can cause the following moods: a. Nervous, anxious, panic, irritable b. Irritable and anxious c. Panicky d. Anxious 49 / 308 49) Below are characteristics of an individual intervention, except: a. Encourages people who are at risk for a particular disease to do something about it. b. An example of an participatory approach c. Target subjects can be the whole population d. Changes lifestyle of the individuals 50 / 308 50) Which of the following is true? a. The relationship between a physician and his or her patient is created when the physician knowingly accepts someone as a patient only. b. The relationship between a physician and his or her patient is created whenever they want c. The relationship between a physician and the patient is created when the patient knowingly seeks the services of the physician only. d. The relationship between a physician and his or her patient is created when the patient knowingly seeks the services of the physician, and the physician knowingly accepts him or her as a patient. 51 / 308 51) Some people will come with …………. and some will develop as a consequence of hospitalization, medical illness or treatment. a. depressive disorders b. sleep disorders c. psychosis disorders d. anxiety disorders 52 / 308 52) Based on the title of a research paper below: “Reduction in Incidence of Diabetes, Hypertension and Lipid Disturbances after Intentional Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery: the SOS Intervention Study”, the paper is categorized as: a. Medical intervention b. Cognitive intervention c. Behavioral intervention d. Combined medical and behavioral intervention 53 / 308 53) Approach used in public policy interventions is: a. Authoritative at individual level b. Authoritative at collective level c. Participatory at individual level d. Participatory at collective level 54 / 308 54) Below are examples of biological determinants, except: a. African immigrants have lower life expectancy than white americans. b. Men have more risk factors of cardiovascular disease than women. c. Women with BRCA1 are more susceptible to breast cancer. d. Young children are more susceptible to infectious diseases. 55 / 308 55) Biomedical model has governed thoughts of health practitioners more than 300 years. The model assumes the following statements except a. Social process is independent from diseases b. Psychological factor is dependent from diseases c. A specific agent causes specific disease d. Psychological factor is independent from diseases 56 / 308 56) The following educational materials and media are used for community level intervention except ___ a. Leaflet distribution b. Billboard c. Campaign d. Group meeting 57 / 308 57) Behavioral science has been originally developed from the following fields of study except a. Anthropology b. Sociology c. Astronomy d. Psychology 58 / 308 58) Divorce increases the risk of physical and mental health problems among affected adults and children. Among the following health effects of divorce, which one causes the most health impact on children? a. Low self esteem b. Suicide c. Infectious diseases d. Death 59 / 308 59) Which one is the “biological” impact of alcohol use? a. Intoxication b. Depression c. Unwanted pregnancy d. Violence 60 / 308 60) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not socio- demographic variable a. High income b. Recreational drug c. High school teacher d. Social network 61 / 308 61) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not an environmental variable a. SARS b. MERS c. Doctor d. Dioxin 62 / 308 62) Which of the following is implied the secondary prevention? a. Diet modification b. HIV screening c. Low salt food d. Rehabilitation 63 / 308 63) What is the following scale used to measures the three related states of depression, anxiety and stress: a. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21(DASS 21) b. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( c. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) d. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) 64 / 308 64) Health behavior modification is also called the following terms except a. Applied behavior theories b. Mental therapy c. Behavior therapy d. Motivational process 65 / 308 65) Which of the following is implied primary prevention? a. Screening b. MMR c. Care d. Treatment 66 / 308 66) What are the common physical indications of fear? a. Stomach discomfort b. Vomitting c. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) d. Fatique 67 / 308 67) The following conditions are the advantage about community level intervention except ______________? a. Wider coverage b. Reaching larger population c. Less specific and less effective d. More specific and effective 68 / 308 68) Following terms are described about stress definition except a. Physical reactions to every day demand b. Stress causes unhappiness in life c. Mind reactions to every day demand d. Body reactions to every day demand 69 / 308 69) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not socio- demographic variable a. Over-work b. Widowhood c. To be a man d. To be rich 70 / 308 70) Which of the following are the basic sources of stress? a. The Environment, Social Stressors b. The Environment, Social Stressors, Physiological c. The Environment, Social Stressors, Physiological, Thoughts d. The Environment 71 / 308 71) The best example of verbal communication skill is: a. Good vocabulary b. Organise educational training and research activities c. Competence in presentations d. Fluent speech 72 / 308 72) Which of the following is NOT stage of change in transtheoretical model? a. Contemplation b. Maintenance c. Repetition d. Action 73 / 308 73) General adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of the following stages except a. Alarm stage b. Wear and tear stage c. Resistance stage d. Exhaustion stage 74 / 308 74) Which of the following statements is a positive reinforcement of behavior modification a. Cheap prices b. Mobile team c. Lost benefit d. Work recognition 75 / 308 75) Which of the following is implied primary prevention? a. Treatment b. Diagnosis c. Screening d. Vaccination 76 / 308 76) What is eustress? a. Good stress b. Bad stress c. Normal stress d. Both good and bad stress 77 / 308 77) All statements below are true regarding “Occupational status”, except: a. Job status refers to different positions in the labor market. b. Job status is usually measured in public health in physical hazards and psychological stress. c. Job status comprises of the level of prestige, authority, power and resources. d. Job status has direct positive effects on health behaviors. 78 / 308 78) What are impacts of unbalanced nutrition on health status? a. Increase heart diseases b. Increase of type 1 diabetes c. Increase risk of mental disorder d. Increase premature death 79 / 308 79) In Behavioural Sciences the Bio-Psycho-Social (BPS) model of health care is best described as: a. Use of social and psychological factors alongside the biological aspects of the illness. b. Biological aspects of disease being more important than psychosocial aspects. c. The management of psychological and social issues of patients. d. A method in which a patient should be seen by a psychologist and a social worker. 80 / 308 80) Which of the following is considered the most stressor for children and adolescents? a. Vacation b. Minor violence c. Change in residence d. Change to new school 81 / 308 81) Adrenal cortex, outer part of adrenal gland, secrets one of the following hormones a. Corticosteroid b. Angiotensin c. Prostaglandin d. Progesterone 82 / 308 82) How does tobacco use impact health status? a. Causes stress b. Causes obesity c. Causes depression d. Causes stroke 83 / 308 83) Healthy family is important within the family relationship. Stressful life events are associated with the increased risk of illness. What is the most stressful life event for the family based on the social readjustment rating scale? a. School change b. Retirement c. Being fired d. Pregnancy 84 / 308 84) What is the definition of fear? a. An emotional response to a pleasant or a happy situation. b. Thinking of a person to the expectation of harm or an unpleasant situation. c. Thinking of a person to a pleasant or a happy situation. d. An emotional response to an expectation of harm or an unpleasant situation. 85 / 308 85) What is the most common mental illness? a. Anxiety b. Schizophrenia c. Depression d. Delusion disorder 86 / 308 86) How does alcohol and substance use impact health status? a. Causes depression b. Causes lung cancers c. Causes stress d. Causes obesity 87 / 308 87) Which one is the “mental” impact of alcohol use? a. Violence b. Depression c. Cancer d. Overdose 88 / 308 88) Health belief model (HBM) was developed in the 1950s by a team of public health expert in the US to explain and predict the health behavior. HBM emphasizes the perception of following statements except a. Environment b. Severity c. Benefit d. Susceptibility 89 / 308 89) Adrenaline responds faster to stress (emergency hormone), but cortisol reacts slowly to stress. They both are released during stressful conditions and cause many changes to body. Please choose the most correct answer in relation to the effects of adrenaline and cortisol in the body: During stressful conditions a. Liver releases more energy available for muscles b. Liver conserves more energy c. Liver keep more sugar in the muscles d. Liver releases sugar into blood and make energies for muscles 90 / 308 90) One statement below is true regarding effect of “family” on health behavior intervention: a. Parent’s behavior change helps produce more effective behavior change in children. b. Involving parents does not change outcomes of health behavior intervention on children. c. Parent’s education is not relevant to outcomes of health behavior intervention on children. d. Parents’ presence at the sessions helps children learn and understand the concepts better. 91 / 308 91) Adrenal cortex, outer part of adrenal gland, secrets one of the following hormones a. Cortisol b. Progesterone c. Melanin d. Renin 92 / 308 92) Which one is the “social” impact of alcohol use? a. Overdose b. Cancer c. Violence d. Depression 93 / 308 93) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not socio- demographic variable a. Workaholic b. Family size c. Stressful job d. Cambodian 94 / 308 94) In the long term, stressful conditions causes following illnesses except a. Loneliness b. CVD c. Diabetes d. Anxiety 95 / 308 95) In Cambodia, there are the national immunization program which has provided following vaccine to children except a. MMR b. Polio (OPV) c. DPT d. Measles 96 / 308 96) Below are characteristics of a community intervention, except: a. Target subjects are the nation-wide population b. An example of an participatory approach c. Uses mass media, population screening, and community organizations to convey messages encouraging healthy behaviors. d. Aims to change behaviors by modifying the environment that supports them. 97 / 308 97) Public health is a science and art dealing with the following statements except a. Life prolongation b. Health promotion c. Individual health d. Disease prevention 98 / 308 98) What is the top leading cause of death in the US since 2000? a. Diabetes b. Liver diseases c. Heart diseases d. Cancers 99 / 308 99) Which of the following is considered the most social stressor for adults’ life? a. Being fired b. Spouse’s death c. Divorce d. Retirement 100 / 308 100) Group level interventions are emphasized on the interpersonal process between friends, relatives, family or collective members through adaptive behavior on groups either interpersonal acceleration or deceleration. Which one of following conditions is implied the interpersonal deceleration a. Condom use in HIV prevention b. Smoking cessation c. Water and sanitation program d. Vaccination program 101 / 308 101) In Cambodia, there are the national immunization program which has provided following vaccine to children except a. Typhoid b. Measles c. DPT-Hep B d. Polio (OPV) 102 / 308 102) The following terms are described the human behaviors except a. Walking, b. Feeling c. Driving, d. Smoking 103 / 308 103) A good counselor at least consists of the following characters except ___________________ a. Passing judgment b. Caring c. Tolerance and patience d. Listening 104 / 308 104) What are the symptoms of depression? a. fear b. poor sleep c. persistent and severe low mood with suicide ideation d. low appetite 105 / 308 105) Below are characteristics of “culture”, except: a. Patterns of behavior that are guided by these shared ideas, meanings, and values. b. Shared ideas, meanings, and values. c. Often exists at a conscious level d. Socially learned, not genetically transmitted. 106 / 308 106) Balanced diet should include: a. Unsaturated fat b. Whole grains c. Vegetables d. Fruits 107 / 308 107) Individual intervention of behavior change consists of the following except a. Counseling b. Management of infant nutrition c. Bonus voucher d. Behavior change contract 108 / 308 108) An ideal intervention: a. Should always involve government. b. Is designed based on objectives and financial capacity. c. Is an intervention that is likely to produce significant results. d. May include all 3 levels of interventions. 109 / 308 109) Family cohesion is defined as: a. Ability to manage daily tasks in context of supportive environment. b. Overall satisfaction with family life. c. Caring and nurturance between family members. d. Emotional bonding between family members. 110 / 308 110) According to the class lecture on “Society, culture and family and health”, the median age for first marriage is about _____ years of age for Cambodian men? (CDHS 2010) a. 23 b. 21 c. 22 d. 20 111 / 308 111) There are many components of health behavior modification. They consists the following conditions except a. Positive reinforcement b. Stimulus control c. Negative reinforcement d. Punishment 112 / 308 112) Below are characteristics of behavioral interventions, except: a. Study designs include randomized controlled trial, case control and cohort study. b. Target subjects can be the whole population. c. There is always a control group. d. Outcomes can be health related, or awareness related. 113 / 308 113) Group level interventions are emphasized on the interpersonal process between friends, relatives, family or collective members through adaptive behavior on groups either interpersonal acceleration or deceleration. Which one of following conditions is implied the interpersonal deceleration a. Family planning program b. Drug addiction program c. Breast feeding program d. Medication compliance 114 / 308 114) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is an organizational variable a. Family b. NGOs c. Marital status d. Ethnicity 115 / 308 115) Below statements are true regarding impact of “family” on health behaviors, except: a. Family has the biggest influence on children and adolescents. b. Effects of “family” increases as the children grow older. c. Family can have protective effects on health behaviors. d. Family can have negative effects on health behaviors. 116 / 308 116) Generally stressful conditions cause the short term and the long term health problems. Please answer the following question which condition is not related to long term health problem: a. Diarrhea b. Depression c. Impotence d. Menstrual issues 117 / 308 117) Based on the title of a research paper below: “Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence”, the paper is categorized as: a. Cognitive intervention b. Medical intervention c. Combined medical and behavioral intervention d. Behavioral intervention 118 / 308 118) There are 3 levels of prevention including primary, secondary and tertiary. Among the following levels which one is the most cost effective and efficient for the public health? a. Tertiary b. Secondary c. Prevention d. Primary 119 / 308 119) What is DASS measured for? a. Depression b. Stress c. Anxiety d. Anxiety. Depression and Stress 120 / 308 120) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not a lifestyle variable a. Crowding b. Workaholic c. Alcoholic d. Smoking 121 / 308 121) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is an environmental factor determine person’s health a. College teacher b. High income c. Amphetamine use d. Contaminated food 122 / 308 122) In the resistance stage, the following conditions are correct except a. Pupil returns to normal b. Tense muscle relax c. Blood pressure increases d. Digestion returns to normal 123 / 308 123) What is the Emotional wellbeing means? a. Hopelessness of himself or feeling depressed b. Feeling not satisfied with life or want suicide c. Feeling good, being happy, experiencing positive emotions like love, joy or compassion, and feeling generally satisfied with life. d. Feeling negative on everything around himself, being irritable 124 / 308 124) Following conditions are the causes of social stressor except a. Social competition b. Financial concerns c. Work performance d. Promotion 125 / 308 125) Group level interventions are emphasized on the interpersonal process between friends, relatives, family or collective members through adaptive behavior on groups either interpersonal acceleration or deceleration. Which one of following conditions is implied the interpersonal deceleration a. Helmet wearing b. Breast feeding program c. Family planning program d. Weight control for obesity program 126 / 308 126) Which of the following is implied for the tertiary prevention? a. Leg prosthesis b. Screening for prostate cancer c. Seatbelt wearing d. TB case finding 127 / 308 127) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not an organizational variable a. Quality control b. Quality assurance c. Qualified clinician d. Quality of care 128 / 308 128) Behavioral science for public health is to understand the interaction between following factors except a. Genetic factor b. Behavior c. Social influence d. Biologic factors 129 / 308 129) Which of the following statements is true about stress management? a. Stress management helps us control our health in a positive sense b. Stress management is learning about the connection between mind and body and Stress management helps us control our health in a positive sense. c. Stress management is learning about the connection between mind and body d. Stress management teaches us to avoid all kinds of stress 130 / 308 130) Below are reasons that community interventions may produce undesirable effect, except: a. Lack of effort. b. People may take social cues from areas larger than their local community. c. Knowledge/awareness did not produce actions. d. Effect of nation-wide advertisement is more dominant. 131 / 308 131) The health promotion is part of following prevention level except a. Primary prevention b. Rehabilitation c. Tertiary prevention d. Secondary prevention 132 / 308 132) How many items are there in the DASS scale? a. 21 b. 20 c. 22 d. 23 133 / 308 133) Below are reasons that individual interventions may produce undesirable effect, except: a. Background changes in both control and intervention groups due to a great deal of public attention on the topic. b. Population is usually too small. c. Ignoring the environment that the patients are living in. d. The trial was not long enough to detect significant changes. 134 / 308 134) Divorce increases the risk of physical and mental health problems among affected adults and children. Among the following health effects of divorce, which one causes the less health impact on adults? a. Aggressive behaviors b. Infectious diseases c. Suicide d. Cancer 135 / 308 135) Approach used in national interventions is a. Authoritative at individual level b. Participatory at collective level c. Authoritative at collective level d. Participatory at individual level 136 / 308 136) How many types of doctor-patient relationship? a. 2 b. 3 c. 1 d. 4 137 / 308 137) Good health habits should be introduced in the _________________? a. Adulthood b. Early in life c. Late in life d. Later in life 138 / 308 138) Counseling is the relationship between two people in a interactive way involving following process except a. Goal identification b. Problem solving c. Planning d. Barrier resolution 139 / 308 139) Behavioral interventions are: a. Intervention designed to increase awareness of general population with regard to their health b. Interventions designed to affect the actions that an individual take with regard to their health c. Intervention designed to prevent people from health hazards d. Intervention designed to change people’s beliefs with regards to their health 140 / 308 140) What is the most significant impact of violence on children? a. Cognitive development retardation b. Physical development retardation c. Increased unsafe sex d. Anti-social behavioral disorder 141 / 308 141) Society in behavioral science is defined as: a. A group of people sharing a common language. b. A group of people who share a common lifestyle, territory, and behavior pattern. c. A group of people living in the same geographical area. d. A system of beliefs shared among the same language speakers. 142 / 308 142) Approach used in individual interventions is: a. Authoritative at collective level b. Authoritative at individual level c. Participatory at collective level d. Participatory at individual level 143 / 308 143) The following terms are described the human behaviors except a. Smoking b. Thinking c. Drinking, d. Running 144 / 308 144) The story of Bolivian peasants eating clay is an example of how culture affects health behavior as: a. Religion b. Norms c. Positive personal experience d. Tradition 145 / 308 145) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not a lifestyle variable a. Sedentary b. No exercise c. Income d. Diet change 146 / 308 146) Biomedical model has governed thoughts of health practitioners more than 300 years. The model assumes the following statements except a. A specific agent causes specific disease b. Social process is independent from diseases c. Social process is dependent from diseases d. Psychological factor is independent from diseases 147 / 308 147) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not a lifestyle variable a. Jogging b. Housing c. Safe sex d. Drinking 148 / 308 148) Below statements are all true, except: a. National interventions usually produce good results in large populations. b. Individual interventions are usually less effective in a larger population c. National interventions do not require support from government. d. Community interventions have little effects on large populations, and are mostly costly. 149 / 308 149) Behavioral studies have indicated that health habits are ________________________. a. Stable over time b. Static overtime c. Non stable over time d. Once changed, then stable 150 / 308 150) Example of behavioral interventions to reduce mortality due to cardiovascular diseases is: a. Balloon angioplasty b. Aspirin c. Junk food advertisement ban d. Coronary bypass 151 / 308 151) The burden of illnesses and disabilities are related to social, psychological and behavioral factors. More than __________of morbidity and mortality are caused by health related behaviors. a. > 80% b. > 60% c. > 90% d. > 70% 152 / 308 152) Below are health risk behaviors most associated with cardiovascular diseases, except: a. Anti-vaccination b. Inadequate physical activity c. Unhealthy eating habits d. Sedentariness 153 / 308 153) Below are social determinants of health behaviors, except: a. Working environment b. Financial status c. Gender d. Age 154 / 308 154) The following interventions are related to the group level intervention except _______________ a. Self-help group b. Self-support group c. Peer education d. Self-learning 155 / 308 155) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not an environmental variable a. Dioxin b. Nutrition c. Acoustics d. Pollutant 156 / 308 156) Health belief model (HBM) was developed in the 1950s US social psychologists to explain and predict the health behavior. HBM emphasizes the perception of following statements except a. Benefit b. Culture c. Susceptibility d. Severity 157 / 308 157) People’s habits often begin to stabilize at about age of a. 11- 12 years b. 7- 8 years c. 9- 10 years d. 5- 6 years 158 / 308 158) The following interventions are related to the group level intervention except _______________ a. Self-help group b. Peer education c. Training d. Counseling 159 / 308 159) Group level interventions are emphasized on the interpersonal process between friends, relatives, family or collective members through adaptive behavior on groups either interpersonal acceleration or deceleration. Which one of following conditions is implied the interpersonal acceleration a. Weight control for obesity program b. Family planning program c. De-worming program among school children d. Salty diet in hypertension program 160 / 308 160) How has the relationship between patients and doctors changed in recent years? a. Patients take on more active roles. b. Patients are more willing to compromise c. Doctors make more of the decisions. d. Doctors are more paternalistic 161 / 308 161) The following statements are implied to the secondary prevention except a. Screening for hypertension risk factors b. Screening for diabetes risk factors c. Quit smoking and alcohol d. Screening for cervical risk factors 162 / 308 162) Human behaviors are responsible for illnesses and premature deaths. According to World Health Organization (WHO) premature death has been defined by the death at the age of a. < 35 years old b. < 45 years old c. < 55 years old d. < 25 years old 163 / 308 163) what is paternalistic relationship? a. High physician control and low patient control b. Low physician control and low patient control c. High physician control and high patient control d. Low physician control and high patient control 164 / 308 164) Health behaviors are commonly associated with the following variables except? a. Income b. Alcohol c. Culture d. Education 165 / 308 165) Generally stressful conditions cause the short term and the long term health problems. Please answer the following question which condition is not related to long term health problem: a. Constipation b. Eating disorder c. Menstrual irregularities d. Chronic high blood pressure 166 / 308 166) Which of the following is considered the most extreme stressor for children and adolescents? a. Divorce of parents b. Change of school c. School suspension d. Physical abuse 167 / 308 167) Divorce increases the risk of physical and mental health problems among affected adults and children. Among the following health effects of divorce, which one causes the most health impact on children? a. Suicide b. Cancer c. Infectious diseases d. Aggressive behaviors 168 / 308 168) Which of the following is considered the less social stressor for adults? a. Change in residence b. Trouble with boss c. Major change of work d. In debt, bank loan 169 / 308 169) Recently non communicable diseases (NCD) have become the major public health concerns in Cambodia. The following statements are applied to cancer prevention except a. Weight control b. Sugary drink c. Diet and fruit d. Regular exercise 170 / 308 170) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not a lifestyle variable a. Smoking b. Drinking c. Old age d. Jogging 171 / 308 171) How do physical activities impact health status? a. Reduce stress b. Reduce hair loss c. Reduce depression d. Reduce lung cancers 172 / 308 172) Which of the following statements is true? a. In small quantities, stress is good b. In small quantities, stress is good and too much stress is harmful c. Too much stress is harmful d. All stress is bad 173 / 308 173) Which of the following is implied the secondary prevention? a. Pap smear test b. Diet modification c. Positive life style d. Clinical management 174 / 308 174) One risk behavior that affects cardiovascular diseases is: a. Unprotected sex b. Excessive sun exposure c. Smoking d. Drunk driving 175 / 308 175) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is a biological or genetic factor determining person’s health a. Thermal b. Mechanic c. Acoustics d. Cleft lip 176 / 308 176) According to Breslow & Enstrom (1980), there have been 7 good health habits that contribute to the longevity. Following statements are implied for the healthy habits except: a. Sleeping 7-8 hours per night b. No smoking c. Eating breakfast each day d. High calories food 177 / 308 177) In general, there are many variables determine health status including lifestyle, socio-political organization, environmental factors and biologic factor. Which of the following is not a socio- demographic variable a. High education b. Crippling c. Job strain d. High income 178 / 308 178) Generally stressful conditions cause the short term and the long term health problems. Please answer the following question which condition is not related to short term health problem: a. Sweating b. Stiff neck c. Sleeping disorder d. Headache