1) A doctor provides medical services in a remote village without a license, arguing that their “good intentions” to help the poor should exempt them from the 2016 Law. How does the law address this?

2) A colleague forged a license. You should:

3) When a public hospital faces a shortage of intensive care beds, the Ethics Committee establishes a “due process” protocol to determine admission criteria. This effort to find a fair limit on healthcare is defined as:

4) A doctor delegates a procedure to a junior colleague who is not fully competent to perform it independently. The patient is harmed. What is the MOST appropriate judgment regarding responsibility?

5) You see a colleague posting unprofessional content online about patients. What is the MOST appropriate action?

6) Which action best reflects professionalism?

7) In the 2024 regulatory framework, the “Scope of Practice” is defined by which three essential pillars?

8) A public health doctor organizes a voluntary vaccination drive and health education seminar in an underserved province. Under which ethical pillar does this effort to improve community wellness fall?

9) Which principle requires physicians to avoid causing unnecessary harm?

10) An elderly patient with terminal cancer clearly states they wish to cease chemotherapy to spend their remaining time at home. The medical team believes continuing treatment could extend life by two months, but they respect the patient’s request. This action primarily demonstrates:

11) Professional licensing ensures physicians:

12) A physician makes a medication error. The most ethical response is to:

13) A surgeon evaluates a patient for an elective cosmetic procedure but decides to decline the case because the patient’s underlying medical conditions create a high risk of surgical complications that outweigh any aesthetic gain. This is an application of:

14) Receiving another patient’s confidential report by mistake, the physician should:

15) If a practitioner is found to be practicing beyond their authorized scope or in a manner that endangers patient safety, which of the following represents a potential legal outcome under the 2016 Law?

16) When treating a minor, informed consent is generally obtained from:

17) A doctor possesses a valid medical doctor diploma recognized by the Ministry of Health and has registered with the Medical Council of Cambodia and currently is still applying for license. Which statement is MOST accurate?

18) A physician is requested by a patient’s employer to disclose the patient’s diagnosis without permission. What is the most appropriate response?

19) A licensed physician who changes workplace should:

20) A physician is asked to treat a patient outside the physician’s approved scope of practice. What is the most appropriate action?

21) A clinical lead reviews several competing treatment protocols for a patient with a complex infection. They choose the protocol that offers the highest probability of a full recovery, despite it being more labor-intensive for the staff. This decision is driven by:

22) A hospital committee decides to immediately suspend the use of a specific medical device after two patients reported minor burns. This swift action to prevent further injury represents:

23) Which of the following scenarios is an example of an ethical dilemma?

24) Utilitarianism focuses on:

25) Which of the following BEST reflects the relationship between medical qualification and licensure?

26) Two patients need dialysis, but only one machine is available. One patient has a significantly higher chance of survival with treatment. What is the MOST ethically justifiable approach?

27) Dr. Vannak, a GP in a rural hospital with no surgeon, encounters a patient with a ruptured appendix. The referral will take 4 hours, and the patient is unstable. Dr. Vannak has only observed this surgery. Which action aligns with the 2024 professional standards?

28) Dr. Sarin is a general practitioner at a rural health center. A patient has a severe limb injury requiring orthopedic surgery. The nearest surgeon is five hours away. Although Dr. Sarin observed a similar operation during internship, he has never performed it independently. The patient’s family asks him to “just try” the surgery to avoid the transfer. According to the 2024 Scope and Standard of Practice and the 2016 Law on the Regulation of Health Practitioners in Cambodia, what is the most professional and legally appropriate action?

29) Practicing medicine without valid registration primarily violates:

30) A patient previously expressed refusal of a recommended surgery during a consultation. The patient is now unconscious and presents in an emergency where the same intervention is immediately required to save life. No family members are present, and no formal documentation of the prior refusal is available. What is the MOST appropriate action?

31) The main purpose of maintaining accurate medical records is to:

32) In a busy hospital setting, many doctors routinely provide only brief explanations before procedures due to time constraints. A junior doctor adopts this practice without ensuring that patients fully understand the risks and alternatives. Which statement is the MOST accurate ethical judgment?

33) Which institution is primarily responsible for issuing a Doctor of Medicine (MD) diploma in Cambodia?

34) A doctor unknowingly allows another person to use their expired license certificate to obtain employment in a clinic. Which concern is MOST relevant?

35) Beneficence requires physicians to:

36) Public trust is promoted by:

37) Which of the following BEST describes the ethical significance of licensing and professional regulation?

38) A patient asks about their terminal diagnosis. The family asks the doctor not to tell them. What is the BEST approach?

39) Responsibility for maintaining competence belongs to:

40) A physician accepts expensive gifts from a pharmaceutical company before prescribing its products. This is an example of:

41) Which of the following BEST distinguishes “registration” from a “health practitioner license”?

42) A physician intentionally falsifies a patient’s medical record. This behavior is:

43) An ethical dilemma is:

44) A physician advertises guaranteed cure rates without scientific evidence. This is:

45) During a routine consultation, a physician proactively discusses an “advance care plan” with a patient, meticulously documenting their specific healthcare wishes for future scenarios where they might lack capacity. This proactive documentation is a requirement of:

46) Which document establishes the ethical obligations of physicians?

47) Which of the following BEST explains the primary purpose of the Law on Regulation of Health Practitioners 2016 in Cambodia?

48) What is the legal and professional definition of the “Standard of Practice” according to the 2024 guidelines?

49) Virtue ethics focuses on:

50) If beliefs conflict with lawful treatment:

51) Deontology is best described as:

52) Which of the following situations BEST represents professional misconduct?

53) Who determines the “Scope of Practice” for a health professional in Cambodia?

54) A physician posts a photo of a rare skin condition on a public Facebook group to discuss it with colleagues, leaving the patient’s face visible. This is:

55) Dr. Nita, a general practitioner, attends a two-day “filler workshop” and begins performing cosmetic injections in her clinic. She does not hold a formal certification or Council authorization for cosmetic surgery. If a complication occurs, what is the primary regulatory failure?

56) A physician notices a colleague repeatedly practicing while intoxicated. The most appropriate action is to:

57) The primary purpose of professional regulation is to:

58) A competent patient refuses treatment. The physician should:

59) Before publishing a patient photograph:

60) A clinic owner permits an unlicensed medical assistant to diagnose patients and write prescriptions during peak hours, noting that the assistant has “ten years of experience.” What is the legal status of this arrangement?

61) Knowingly issuing a false medical certificate is:

62) Which best demonstrates integrity in medical practice?

63) A resident uses a WhatsApp group to mock a senior professor’s surgical technique. What are the potential professional consequences of this digital behavior?

64) A physician submits faked continuing professional development (CPD) certificates to renew a professional license. Which professional attribute is MOST directly violated?

65) Which principle promotes fair and equitable treatment of patients?

66) Patient privacy is best protected by:

67) The Law on the Regulation of Health Practitioners 2016 was enacted to ensure that all practitioners meet which three specific criteria?

68) A physician develops severe alcohol dependence that begins affecting clinical judgment and patient safety. Under the concept of fitness to practice in the Law on Regulation of Health Professionals 2016, what is the MOST appropriate concern?

69) A conscious adult patient is assessed to have decision-making capacity and refuses a recommended life-saving surgery after receiving adequate information. The patient’s family strongly disagrees and insists that the surgery should proceed. What is the MOST appropriate action?

70) Which entity is primarily empowered by the 2016 Law to hold health practitioners accountable for professional misconduct and to manage licensing?

71) A health administrator is tasked with allocating a new shipment of high-quality diagnostic equipment. They ensure that the equipment is distributed based on clinical need rather than the patient’s ability to pay or social status. This is an example of:

72) A patient complains that a physician repeatedly prescribed medications without proper examination. Which institution is MOST likely to address the concern first?

73) Which of the following is an identified consequence of “Poor Practice” beyond legal imprisonment?

74) A doctor posts online that professional regulation is unnecessary because “patients can judge competence themselves.” What is the STRONGEST counterargument?

75) Respect for colleagues is shown by:

76) Dara, a Year 6 medical student, is left alone in a ward. A patient’s family demands he prescribe a sedative. Dara is unsure of the dosage and his authority. His professional responsibility is to:

77) A physician discloses confidential patient information without consent. This is justified only when:

78) A physician is highly skilled in a specific advanced procedure through self-study and unofficial observation. However, the Medical Council has not granted them the specific authorization to perform it. Which regulatory principle applies here?

79) Refusing to treat because of religion violates:

80) An elderly patient with confusion refuses treatment. It is unclear if they understand the situation. What is the BEST next step?

81) The 2024 Standards of Practice are designed to ensure that healthcare provided in Cambodia is:

82) A licensed doctor appears in a commercial skincare advertisement wearing a white coat and presenting general information about skin health. The product is shown but not explicitly claimed to be superior or prescribed by the doctor. What is the MOST accurate ethical concern?

83) Professional accountability means physicians are responsible for:

84) A health practitioner continues practicing despite repeated concerns that cognitive impairment is affecting clinical judgment and placing patients at risk. What ethical principle MOST strongly justifies regulatory intervention?

85) Continuing professional development is primarily intended to:

86) A physician delegates a procedure to an unqualified assistant. Why is the physician responsible?

87) Conflict of interest example:

88) A practitioner is asked to perform a lumbar puncture but has not performed one in three years and feels “rusty.” Following the “Clinical Reflection” logic, the correct sequence of actions is:

89) The ultimate goal of medical professionalism is:

90) Which of the following is a mandatory component of the 2024 Standard of Practice?

91) The best example of maintaining patient confidentiality is:

92) Which of the following BEST reflects the relationship between medical qualification and licensure?

93) A doctor prescribes a chemotherapy drug that causes significant side effects but offers a high chance of survival. Which principle BEST justifies this action?

94) A General Practitioner (GP) is presented with a patient showing symptoms of a rare neurodegenerative disease. According to the 2024 Standards, the GP’s primary duty is to:

95) Under the 2016 Law, which of the following is the absolute legal prerequisite for a health professional to commence practice in Cambodia?

96) A doctor performs a procedure outside their formal training due to lack of specialists in a rural area. What is the BEST ethical judgment?

97) Which action best demonstrates respect for patient autonomy?

98) Before an elective surgical procedure, informed consent requires:

99) In the event of a medical error involving a student acting under the “verbal instruction” of a busy supervisor, who holds the ultimate legal and professional accountability?

100) Which is professional misconduct?