1) The explorer is used to detect:

2) How many working ends of a hoe are needed to make a complete s that will adapt to all tooth surfaces?:

3) In a fully erupted tooth with healthy gingiva, the apical end of the junctional epithelium is located:

4) Leukemic gingival enlargement:

5) In drug-induced gingival enlargement ,hyperplasia occurs in:

6) Hoes are most effectively used on:

7) The ultrasonic sealer only dislodges calculus that:

8) A (universal) curet is called that because it:

9) The term epithelial attachment properly refers to ?

10) The lamina dura on radiographs corresponds to: ?

11) The established inflammatory lesion of gingivitis:

12) False gingival enlargement is caused by:

13) The process by which residual calculus and portions of cementum or dentin are removed to produce a smooth hard root surface is:

14) In maintainance phase of oral pemphigus, oral Prophlaxis should be preceeded by intake of:

15) Localized aggressive periodontitis is best treated in early stage by:

16) Select the most appropriate answer in pregnancy the severity of gingivitis starts increasing during:

17) The gingival groove, when present, is a good indicator of ?

18) The results of the extraoral and intraoral examination should be recorded in the patient’s chart whenever:

19) Which one of the following species of Streptococci is usually not found in dental plaque?

20) Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis:

21) Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG):

22) Gingival Inflammation involving the entire attached gingiva is termed :

23) The radiographic findings of gingivitis will Demonstrate:

24) Intermediate cementum is found over the surface of :

25) 15The main route of entry of leukocytes into oral Cavity is through:

26) Which of the following has the highest rate of desquamation (i.e. number of cells shed per unit surface area) ?

27) Who described scaling of teeth with a sophisticated set of instruments in 10th century itself:

28) Which of the following is not a clinical feature of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis:

29) The ultrasonic tip should not be allowed to remain on the tooth surface too long because it will:

30) Junctional epithelium shows formation of reted pegs in:

31) Vertical, infrabony defects are frequently seen on radiographs:

32) The width of attached gingiva:

33) Furcation is best detected by which probe:

34) Which of the following statements is incorrect about pregnancy:

35) A good finger rest or hand rest must be located to allow:

36) Metronidazole:

37) A traumatic occlusal force acting on a tooth with a healthy periodontium will likely cause:

38) The two types of wrist-forearm motion are:

39) Which of the following is magnetized instrument?:

40) A heavy ledge of calculus is most efficiently removed by engaging the edge of the ledge with which part of the cutting edge?:

41) The most objective and reliable indication of successful scaling and root planing is:

42) A 27 years-old preswents to your office all of the following: loss of interdental and marginal stippling, blue-red tissue color, and bleeding upon gentle probing. Your Diagnosis is:?

43) Resorption of cementum may occur in:

44) Failure of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath to separate from the dentin surface during root development may give rise to which of the following anomalies?

45) Cross-section of sickle scaler is:

46) The distance between apical edge of calculus and bottom of the pocket is usually less than:

47) According to the random burst model of periodontal disease progression:

48) The mobility of the teeth is graded 3 if:

49) Stillman’s clefts are caused by:

50) Classically the epithelial rete ridges show a saw tooth appearance, hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis, hydropic degeneration of basal layer and a dense band like infiltrate of Tlymphocytes microscopically in:

51) In human teeth, afibrillar cementum is most likely encountered as ?

52) 26After discontinuation of causative drug, the gingival enlargement undergoes spontaneous disappearance within few:

53) The characteristic of the instrument handle which provides the best tactile sensitivity is:

54) Which of the following cell types is unable to undergo mitosis?

55) Prevalence of gingivitis increased during:

56) Which one for the following instruments is not used for subgingival scaling:

57) Plaque Index was developed by:

58) After scaling with the ultrasonic sealer, when should you follow with the use of the curet?:

59) Which portion of the tooth germ is the primary source of the junctional epithelium?

60) Which of the following instrument has a two-point contact with the tooth:

61) The submandibular salivary glands are best examined by:

62) The design feature of the curet that allows it to be used in the deepest area of the sulcus or pocket with the least tissue distention is the:

63) Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis?

64) The primary etiological factor in the development of furcation defect is:?

65) When scaling the distal surfaces of the posterior teeth with opposite cutting edge of the same blade that adapts to the r surfaces, the handle should be:

66) Cementum 😕

67) Kirkland and Orban knives are used for:

68) All of the following are true about fibroblasts except:

69) Dental calculus:?

70) Greater occlusal pressure on the periodontium produces:

71) Porphyromonas gingivdis:?

72) Which of the following is not a significant risk factor for periodontal disease:

73) Narrow “slit-like” areas of recession over the roots are called:

74) The attached gingiva is attached to:

75) The antibiotic to which all strains of Actinobacillus are susceptible is:

76) Periodontium include all of the following:?

77) Sulcular fluid is:

78) Basal bone is not part of the periodontium, as it is located under the alveolar process that houses the dentition. Following completion of amelogenesis in humans, the anatomic crown is lined with a layer of reduced enamel epithelium. This layer is derived primarily from which of the following?

79) The most effective and versatile instrument for root planing is the:

80) Stippling is seen in :

81) The growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis is enhanced by a metabolic byproduct succinate produced by:?

82) Cases that show free gingival groove are:

83) Which of the following statements about periodontal probing is MOST accurate?

84) The gingival sulcus develops:

85) Gingival basal lamina is permeable to:

86) Periodontitis is caused by:?

87) Drug induced gingival enlargement is more severe in:

88) Anchorage of the tooth to the alveolar process is mediated through which of the following?

89) Significant serum antibody response to specific Plaque organisms is found in:

90) The bacteria detected in localized aggressive periodontitis are:

91) The major type of collagen associated with bone matrix is?

92) Trauma from occlusion does not produce:

93) Scaling process removes:

94) Dried calculus is easier to detect than wet calculus with the explorer because it is:

95) Cyclosporin- induced gingival enlargement, is more frequent in:

96) Most commonly used periodontal pack is/are:

97) Which of the following structures does not belong to the periodontal tissues?

98) During a sequence of scaling appointments the most advantageous approach is to:

99) The retrocuspid papilla is ?

100) Regional lymphnode enlargement is present in:

101) Which of the following is not a gingival fiber group?

102) 80Which of the following areas of the tooth are considered most sensitive from various stimuli?:

103) Which of the following does not improve healing after periodontal treatment:

104) The average width of the periodontal ligament around a functional permanent tooth is ?

105) Root planing reduces residual inflammation following subgingival scaling by:

106) Does sub-gingival scaling alters the microflora of periodontal pocket?

107) Which of the following bacteria have the capacity to invade host tissue cells directly?:

108) Which of the following fibers increases with age in periodontal ligament?:

109) Periodontal attachment loss detect clinically:

110) Powered toothbrushes:

111) The mucogingival junction is located between the:

112) Air is used to deflect the free gingival margin in order to detect:

113) Which of the following factors restricts the use of the file to supragingival areas or subgingival areas where the tissue is easily displaced?:

114) The most effective time to give plaque control instructions on any scaling appointment is:

115) The opposite cutting edge of a curet blade that is adapted to the mesial surface is that edge that is:

116) The most common factor that defects healing after periodontal treatment:

117) The most constant dimensional relationship in the periodontium is:

118) The primary objective of scaling and root planing is to:

119) Crater-like deformities are seen in:

120) Which of these cell combinations are responsible for the production of acellular extrinsic fiber cementum?

121) Teeth in the region should be scaled before:

122) To position a curet for a vertical stroke on an anterior tooth, the handle of the instrument should be:

123) Drugs that are known to cause gingival overgrowth include:

124) The aim of root planing is to:

125) Which of the following is the method of transferring information in a biofilm ?

126) Which of the following is not included in the Green complex?:

127) Cementoenamel junction of the teeth is used as fived landmark for measuring the level of the periodontal attachment loss in:

128) Biofilm in general have:?

129) Lobulated mulberry-shaped gingival enlargement is characteristic of :

130) The main function of gingiva is :

131) Localised aggressive periodontitis:

132) Tumor metastasing to gingiva is/are:

133) Defensive delimiting connective tissue barrier reaction to gingival inflammation is reduced in deficiency of:

134) Which of the following is not true of the file?:

135) The daily dose of cyclosporine that can cause gingival enlargement is greater than:

136) The narrowest zone of gingiva is found in the region of?

137) Dentogingival unit:

138) Concerning the following organisms associated with periodontal diseases:

139) The most common crystalline forms present in supragingival calculus are:

140) Adequate stabilization for an extraoral hand rest can be achieved by keeping:

141) A localised acute periodontal abscess:

142) Average human biologic width is:

143) The lactoperoxidase thiocynate system present in saliva is against:?

144) Reevaluation of the response to removal of local etiologic factors should be performed:

145) Which of all the following come under PhageI therapy:

146) Thoroughly dried supragingival calculus appears:

147) Under absolutely normal conditions,the depth gingival sulcus is about:

148) During an acute gingival inflammatory response, which of the following cell types can destroy virulent bacteria by phagocytosis and T-cell mediation?

149) Chlorhexidine gluconate:

150) Extraction of hopeless teeth is done in:

151) Guided tissue regeneration (GTR):

152) Which of the following drugs has been shown to slow down the alveolar bone loss in periodontitis:

153) All of the following organisms can be detected by BANA analysis except:?

154) Synthetic resorbable suturing materials in periodontal surgery is:

155) In the presence of HEAVY function the periodontal ligament undergoes certain changes as compared to a ligament in light function. Which of the following statements best describes these changes?

156) For complete removal of calculus on a proximal surface, strokes should be extended:

157) In periodontal disease, ground substance is dissolved by:?

158) The active ingredient in periochip is :

159) Periodontal destruction is considered moderate when:

160) The straight sickle should not be used for removal of:

161) Pockets extending into areas of vertical bone loss are called:

162) Narrow < slit-like> areas of recession over the roots are called:

163) A “heavy” set of curets should be reserved for patients with:

164) Cellular cementum and compact bone contain 😕

165) Which of the following structures is NOT part of the enamel organ?

166) The best way to detect bony detects is:

167) Periodontal flap surgery:

168) Alterations of gingival contours are mostly Associated with:

169) A conventional intraoral finger rest with a “built-up” fulcrum is difficult to establish in what region of the mouth?:

170) Which ancient medical book recommended cleaning the teeth twice a day with an astringent stick that has been chewed into a brush form:

171) Horizontal bone loss is present in:

172) On lingual surfaces, proper working angulation is achieved by positioning the handle so that it is:

173) A sludge of metal shavings and oil that develops on the face of the blade indicates that:

174) Which of the following organism’s role is decreased with age:

175) Periostat is:

176) Mineralized plaque is:

177) Mandibular first molars with grade I furcation involvement:

178) Root planning is:

179) 12Which of the following is absent in parakeratinized gingiva:

180) Which microorganism is increased in pregnancy:

181) Furcation involvement is measured by:

182) The lamina densa contains what type of collagen?

183) CELLULAR cementum is most likely found around ?

184) A wire edge is produced:

185) Rolling the handle of the explorer between the thumb and fingers is important because it:

186) Cementum that usually fills resorption lacunae:

187) Dcntogingival unit comprises:

188) Mineralization of plaque may start intracellularly in:

189) The biofilms found on tooth surface are termed as:?

190) Which of the following tissues is the MOST likely source of cementogenic cells in adults who have undergone root planing?

191) The principal connective tissue cells present in the periodontal ligament are:

192) The air syringe is held with a:

193) The reflection of light from the lingual aspect through the teeth as they are examined from the buccal aspect is called:

194) With aging, the solubility of the collagen in gingival connective tissue:

195) 4The modified sickle is designed primarily for use on the:

196) Although all of the following procedures may be necessary phases of periodontal therapy, which of these is absolutely essential for successful treatment and a favorable prognosis?:

197) Determination of the shape and extent of defects in the alveolar bone can be made by:

198) The effect of hormonal imbalance on periodontal tissue is:

199) The inactive osteoblasts are:

200) Microorganism which uses steroids as growth factor is:?

201) A very tight grasp will:

202) The primary function of the file is to :

203) A serious limitation of the hoes is that they:

204) Which component of diet affects plaque composition ?

205) A glycoprotein that promotes new attachment and increased cell proliferation is:?

206) Which of the following antibiotics can concentrate at sites of periodontal inflammation:

207) Leukotoxin are produced by which of the following periopathogens:

208) Radiographic features of trauma from occlusion include all of the following expect:

209) The alveolus is lined with?

210) The modified pen grasp is distinguished from other grasps because:

211) The most common disease found in the embalmed bodies of ancient Egyptians:

212) Implant surgery is done in:

213) Bacteria in plaque are held together by:?

214) The anchoring fibrils are composed of what type of collagen?

215) The mesial furcation of the upper molars is located: