Histologie Preparation (Pr. Chhut Sereyvathana)

/90

1 / 90

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

2 / 90

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

b. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

c. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

d. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

3 / 90

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

4 / 90

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

e. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

5 / 90

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

6 / 90

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. fibroblasts

b. melanocytes

c. Langerhans cells.

d. Merkel cells.

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

7 / 90

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. calyx

b. papillae

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. medulla

8 / 90

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. proximal urethra.

b. ureter.

c. Bowman's capsule.

d. bladder.

e. renal pelvis.

9 / 90

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. afferent arteries.

b. interlobular arteries.

c. vasa recta.

d. interlobar arteries.

e. arcuate arteries.

10 / 90

10)

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. mesangial cells.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

11 / 90

11)

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes

e. pericytes

12 / 90

12)

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. Langerhans cell

b. melanocyte

c. keratinocyte

d. myoepithelial cell

e. fibroblast

13 / 90

13)

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

14 / 90

14)

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. calyx

c. cortex

d. papillae

e. medulla

15 / 90

15)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

16 / 90

16)

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 nanometers.

c. 300 and 350 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 micrometers.

e. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

17 / 90

17)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

18 / 90

18)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

c. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

19 / 90

19)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

b. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

20 / 90

20)

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole

b. mesangium.

c. vascular pole.

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. area cribosa.

21 / 90

21)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

22 / 90

22)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

23 / 90

23)

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

24 / 90

24)

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. columns of Bertin.

b. renal lobules.

c. papillae

d. calyces

e. medullary rays.

25 / 90

25)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

b. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

c. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

26 / 90

26)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

27 / 90

27)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

b. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

c. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

28 / 90

28)

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. hypodermis

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. epidermis

29 / 90

29)

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

e. not epithelial cells.

30 / 90

30)

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

31 / 90

31)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

32 / 90

32)

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. papillary layer of dermis.

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. hypodermis

d. lamina propria

e. stratum corneum

33 / 90

33)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

34 / 90

34)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

d. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

e. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

35 / 90

35)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

36 / 90

36)

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum granulosum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

37 / 90

37)

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. lamina propria

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. mucosa

38 / 90

38)

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

d. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

39 / 90

39)

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. papilla

b. medulla

c. calyx

d. cortex

e. pelvis

40 / 90

40)

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. vasa recta.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

41 / 90

41)

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. antiduretic hormone.

b. urea.

c. renin.

d. angiotensinogen.

e. aldosterone.

42 / 90

42)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

43 / 90

43)

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. hair follicle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

44 / 90

44)

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

b. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. collecting duct epithelium.

e. transitional epithelium.

45 / 90

45)

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. epidermal appendages

b. sweat gland ducts

c. dermal papillae

d. Meissner's corpuscles

e. arrector pili muscle

46 / 90

46)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

e. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

47 / 90

47)

The basement membrane lies between:

a. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

b. epidermis and dermis.

c. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

d. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

e. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

48 / 90

48)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

b. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

49 / 90

49)

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. adipose connective tissue.

c. dense fibrous connective tissue.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. transitional epithelium.

50 / 90

50)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

51 / 90

51)

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. sebaceous glands.

b. lymphatic glands.

c. submucosal glands.

d. mammary glands.

e. eccrine sweat glands.

52 / 90

52)

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. vasa recta.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. arcuate arteries.

53 / 90

53)

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. mesangium

b. area cribosa.

c. vascular pole.

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

54 / 90

54)

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. hypodermis

b. papillary dermis

c. stratum corneum of epidermis

d. stratum basale of epidermis.

e. dermis

55 / 90

55)

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. podocyte foot processes

b. capillary endothelial cells.

c. capillary fenestrations.

d. mesangial cells.

e. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

56 / 90

56)

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. dermis

c. mucosa

d. lamina propria

e. hypodermis

57 / 90

57)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

58 / 90

58)

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. hilus.

b. medulla.

c. calyx.

d. pelvis.

e. cortex.

59 / 90

59)

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. hair follicles.

c. sweat glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. apocrine sweat glands.

60 / 90

60)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

b. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

61 / 90

61)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

62 / 90

62)

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

63 / 90

63)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

c. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

e. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

64 / 90

64)

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocyte foot processes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. pericytes

e. fibroblasts

65 / 90

65)

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. hair follicle.

66 / 90

66)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

67 / 90

67)

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. podocytes.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. macula densa.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

68 / 90

68)

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes foot processes.

c. fenestrated endothelium.

d. mesangial cells.

e. continuous endothelium.

69 / 90

69)

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. glomerulus.

c. collecting duct.

d. loop of Henle.

e. proximal convoluted tubule.

70 / 90

70)

The macula densa consists of:

a. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

b. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

c. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

71 / 90

71)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

72 / 90

72)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

b. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

73 / 90

73)

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

74 / 90

74)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

75 / 90

75)

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. mucosa

c. lamina propria

d. epidermis

e. dermis

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76)

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. hair follicle.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

77 / 90

77)

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. pelvis.

c. cortex

d. calyx.

e. medulla.

78 / 90

78)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

c. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

d. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

e. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

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79)

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. lymphocytes

b. smooth muscle.

c. squamous epithelium.

d. columnar epithelium.

e. glandular epithelium.

80 / 90

80)

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. pericytes

b. squamous cells.

c. cuboidal cells.

d. podocytes

e. mesangial cells.

81 / 90

81)

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. melanocyte

b. myoepithelial cell

c. Langerhans cell

d. Merkel cell

e. keratinocyte

82 / 90

82)

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocytes.

83 / 90

83)

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. hair follicle

c. papillary dermis

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. hairy skin

84 / 90

84)

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum basale

d. stratum spinosum

e. thin skin

85 / 90

85)

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum lucidum.

86 / 90

86)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

87 / 90

87)

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. thick skin

c. stratum basale

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

88 / 90

88)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

89 / 90

89)

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

90 / 90

90)

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. pelvis

c. capsule

d. hilus

e. medulla

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