Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

2 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Muller's cells

b. . Pigment epithelium

c. . Horizontal cells

d. . Huxley's layer

e. . Cones

3 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic disc

4 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

5 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Brush cells

6 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

7 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

8 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

9 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Myofibrils

b. . Collagen fibers

c. . Reticular fibers

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Purkinje fibers

10 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Cornea

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ora serrata

11 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Cochlea

12 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Air

b. . Lymph

c. . Blood

d. . Endolymph

e. . Perilymph

13 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Thyroid cartilage

b. . Arytenoid cartilage

c. . Corniculate cartilage

d. . Epiglottis

e. . Cricoid cartilage

14 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

15 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Neurons

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Supporting cells

16 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveoli

17 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Cones

e. . Uvea

18 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Utricle

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Organ of Corti

19 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 4

b. . 5

c. . 1

d. . 2

e. . 3

20 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

21 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Lamina cribrosa

22 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

e. . Vitreal cavity

23 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

24 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

25 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

26 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Cornea

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Ciliary body

27 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar sac

28 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple cuboidal

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple columnar

d. . Simple squamous

e. . Stratified squamous

29 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Cornea

c. . Sclera

d. . Iris

e. . Pigmented epithelium

30 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. podocytes.

b. macula densa.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. mesangial cells.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

33 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Merkel cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. melanocytes

d. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

e. Langerhans cells.

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

35 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum corneum

b. stratum basale

c. stratum lucidum

d. stratum granulosum

e. thick skin

36 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

b. modified smooth muscle cells.

c. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

e. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

37 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

38 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum granulosum.

b. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

39 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. keratinocyte

b. Merkel cell

c. Langerhans cell

d. myoepithelial cell

e. melanocyte

40 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

b. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

41 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

c. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

d. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

42 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. mesangium.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. area cribosa.

d. urinary (tubular) pole

e. vascular pole.

43 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. podocytes.

e. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

44 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. mesangial cells.

b. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes.

45 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

c. There are six layers to the epidermis.

d. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

e. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

46 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. squamous cells.

b. podocytes

c. mesangial cells.

d. pericytes

e. cuboidal cells.

47 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. hair follicle.

48 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

d. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

49 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. medulla

b. calyx

c. pelvis

d. papillae

e. cortex

50 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. afferent arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. interlobular arteries.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. interlobar arteries.

51 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. hypodermis

c. dermis

d. lamina propria

e. mucosa

52 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. calyx

c. papillae

d. medulla

e. cortex

53 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. proximal urethra.

b. Bowman's capsule.

c. ureter.

d. bladder.

e. renal pelvis.

54 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum spinosum

d. stratum corneum

e. thin skin

55 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. hilus.

c. pelvis.

d. medulla.

e. calyx.

56 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

c. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

57 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. podocytes

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. pericytes

d. fibroblasts

e. mesangial cells.

58 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

e. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

59 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

e. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

60 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. papillary dermis

b. hair follicle

c. pilosebaceous unit

d. stratum granulosum

e. hairy skin

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