Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

2 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 300 and 350 micrometers.

b. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 micrometers.

d. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 nanometers.

3 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

4 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

5 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

d. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

e. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

6 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

7 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

8 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

10 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

d. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

11 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. hypodermis

c. stratum corneum

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. lamina propria

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

13 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

14 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. afferent arterioles.

15 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. thin skin

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum basale

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum spinosum

16 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

c. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

17 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. pericytes

b. fibroblasts

c. podocyte foot processes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

18 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. melanocytes

b. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

c. fibroblasts

d. Merkel cells.

e. Langerhans cells.

19 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. papillae

b. cortex

c. calyx

d. pelvis

e. medulla

20 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. cortex.

c. pelvis.

d. hilus.

e. calyx.

21 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. melanocyte

c. myoepithelial cell

d. Langerhans cell

e. keratinocyte

22 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. mucosa

c. epidermis

d. hypodermis

e. lamina propria

23 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. papillary dermis

b. hair follicle

c. stratum granulosum

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. hairy skin

24 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. hypodermis

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. epidermis

d. sweat gland.

e. papillary layer of dermis.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

27 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. pericytes

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. fibroblasts

e. podocytes

28 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. medulla

b. papilla

c. cortex

d. calyx

e. pelvis

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

30 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

31 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. glandular epithelium.

b. smooth muscle.

c. lymphocytes

d. columnar epithelium.

e. squamous epithelium.

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

b. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

c. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

d. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

e. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

33 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

34 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Pigment epithelium

b. . Cones

c. . Muller's cells

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Huxley's layer

35 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Crista ampullaris

b. . Cochlea

c. . Saccule

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

36 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Alveolar sacs

e. . Bronchi

37 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Larynx

c. . Trachea

d. . Bronchi

38 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Sclera

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Choroid

e. . Cornea

39 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

40 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Cones

d. . Uvea

e. . Ganglion cells

41 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Rods

42 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Cones

e. . Rods, Cones

43 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Endolymph

e. . Blood

44 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Cornea

b. . Sclera

c. . Choroid

d. . Retina

e. . Uvea

45 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Zonlular fibers

e. . Spiral ligament

46 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Sclera

c. . Cornea

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Ciliary body

47 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Epithelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Endothelium

48 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Utricle

49 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 3

b. . 4

c. . 2

d. . 1

e. . 5

50 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Spongy bone

e. . Compact bone

51 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

52 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Iris

b. . Sclera

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Choroid

53 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Basal cells

54 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Organ of Corti

55 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

56 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

57 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Os

58 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Unipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Bipolar

e. . Pseudounipolar

59 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

60 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Compact bone

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

e. . Elastic cartilage

Your score is

The average score is 42%

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