Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. angiotensinogen.

b. antiduretic hormone.

c. aldosterone.

d. renin.

e. urea.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

3 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. cortex

c. hilus

d. pelvis

e. capsule

4 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. Langerhans cell

b. myoepithelial cell

c. fibroblast

d. keratinocyte

e. melanocyte

5 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. mesangium.

c. urinary (tubular) pole

d. vascular pole.

e. area cribosa.

6 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

c. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

7 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. stratum corneum

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. lamina propria

d. hypodermis

e. reticular layer of dermis.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

10 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

11 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. mucosa

c. hypodermis

d. dermis

e. epidermis

12 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum corneum

b. stratum spinosum

c. stratum granulosum

d. stratum basale

e. thin skin

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

14 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. podocytes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. macula densa.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. transitional epithelium.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

b. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

e. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

16 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

b. melanocytes

c. fibroblasts

d. Langerhans cells.

e. Merkel cells.

17 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. medullary rays.

b. columns of Bertin.

c. renal lobules.

d. papillae

e. calyces

18 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. melanocyte

b. Langerhans cell

c. myoepithelial cell

d. Merkel cell

e. keratinocyte

19 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

20 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. medulla.

b. pelvis.

c. calyx.

d. cortex

e. papillae.

21 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. pelvis

b. papillae

c. medulla

d. cortex

e. calyx

22 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

23 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. calyx

b. pelvis

c. cortex

d. papilla

e. medulla

24 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. podocytes

b. squamous cells.

c. pericytes

d. mesangial cells.

e. cuboidal cells.

25 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

29 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hair follicle

b. papillary dermis

c. hairy skin

d. stratum granulosum

e. pilosebaceous unit

30 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. sweat glands.

c. hair follicles.

d. apocrine sweat glands.

e. sebaceous glands.

31 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

32 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

33 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

34 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobar arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. afferent arteries.

d. interlobular arteries.

e. arcuate arteries.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

b. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

c. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

d. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

36 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

d. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

e. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

37 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Sclera

c. . Iris

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Choroid

38 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Ciliary body

39 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Olfactory cells

40 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Sclera

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Ora serrata

41 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Uvea

c. . Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Ganglion cells

42 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Compact bone

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Hyaline cartilage

43 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Huxley's layer

c. . Horizontal cells

d. . Pigment epithelium

e. . Muller's cells

44 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

45 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

46 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveoli

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

47 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveolar sac

48 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Utricle

49 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Multipolar neuron

b. . Supporting cell

c. . Bipolar neuron

d. . Unipolar neuron

50 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Cornea

b. . Sclera

c. . Uvea

d. . Retina

e. . Choroid

51 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

52 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Orbicularis oculi

c. . Internal oblique muscle

d. . Tarsus

e. . Ciliary muscle

53 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Compact bone

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Hyaline cartilage

54 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Endolymph

c. . Air

d. . Perilymph

e. . Blood

55 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Bowman's membrane

56 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

57 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Saccule

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Cochlea

d. . Utricle

e. . Organ of Corti

58 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Horizontal cells

d. . Cones

e. . Bipolar cells

59 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Spiral ligament

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Zonlular fibers

60 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Os

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

Your score is

The average score is 92%

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