Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

2 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Cornea

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ciliary body

3 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Receptor cells

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Neurons

4 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Sclera

d. . Choroid

e. . Iris

5 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Endolymph

c. . Air

d. . Lymph

e. . Perilymph

6 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

7 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

8 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

9 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods, Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Cones

10 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Choroid

c. . Sclera

d. . Iris

e. . Ciliary muscle

11 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

12 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Descemet's membrane

13 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

14 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

15 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

16 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Ciliary body

17 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Myofibrils

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Reticular fibers

18 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

19 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 5

b. . 10

c. . 2

d. . 1

e. . 4

20 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

21 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Oval ligament

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Elastic fibers

d. . Spiral ligament

e. . Zonlular fibers

22 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

23 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

24 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Henle's layer

d. . Rods

e. . Amacrine cells

25 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

e. . Posterior chamber

26 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveoli

27 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Semicircular canals

28 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

29 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

b. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

c. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

d. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

30 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. Langerhans cell

b. myoepithelial cell

c. fibroblast

d. keratinocyte

e. melanocyte

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

32 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

33 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. thick skin

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum lucidum

e. stratum granulosum

34 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. eccrine sweat glands.

b. submucosal glands.

c. mammary glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. lymphatic glands.

35 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. stratum corneum

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. hypodermis

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. lamina propria

36 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

d. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

e. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

37 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. There are six layers to the epidermis.

d. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

38 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

d. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

40 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. dermis

b. papillary dermis

c. stratum corneum of epidermis

d. hypodermis

e. stratum basale of epidermis.

41 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

42 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

b. capillary endothelial cells.

c. capillary fenestrations.

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocyte foot processes

43 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

c. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

44 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

45 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. melanocyte

b. Langerhans cell

c. keratinocyte

d. Merkel cell

e. myoepithelial cell

46 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

47 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

49 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

b. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

50 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. vasa recta.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. efferent arterioles.

51 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hair follicle

b. pilosebaceous unit

c. papillary dermis

d. stratum granulosum

e. hairy skin

52 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. mesangium.

b. area cribosa.

c. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

d. vascular pole.

e. urinary (tubular) pole

53 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

54 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. apocrine sweat glands.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. sweat glands.

d. hair follicles.

e. arrector pili.

55 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. smooth muscle.

b. squamous epithelium.

c. columnar epithelium.

d. glandular epithelium.

e. lymphocytes

56 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 nanometers.

d. 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 micrometers.

57 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. hypodermis

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. epidermis

58 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum granulosum

59 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. renal lobules.

b. medullary rays.

c. calyces

d. papillae

e. columns of Bertin.

60 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. hair follicle.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

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