Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. hair follicle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

4 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. hypodermis

c. epidermis

d. dermis

e. mucosa

5 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

6 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. continuous endothelium.

d. podocytes foot processes.

e. fenestrated endothelium.

7 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

d. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

8 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. hairy skin

c. hair follicle

d. papillary dermis

e. pilosebaceous unit

9 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. cortex.

c. pelvis.

d. hilus.

e. calyx.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

11 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

12 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. mesangial cells.

b. squamous cells.

c. pericytes

d. podocytes

e. cuboidal cells.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

c. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

14 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

c. epidermis and dermis.

d. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

e. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

c. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

d. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

16 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

17 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. mesangial cells.

18 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

19 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. papillae

b. pelvis

c. cortex

d. calyx

e. medulla

20 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

c. podocytes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

21 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. podocyte foot processes.

d. pericytes

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

22 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. vasa recta.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. efferent arterioles.

23 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. capsule

b. hilus

c. medulla

d. cortex

e. pelvis

24 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. podocytes

b. fibroblasts

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. pericytes

25 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. urinary (tubular) pole

d. area cribosa.

e. mesangium.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

27 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum corneum

b. stratum basale

c. thick skin

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum lucidum

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

29 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. medullary rays.

b. renal lobules.

c. calyces

d. columns of Bertin.

e. papillae

30 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. mesangial cells.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. macula densa.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes.

31 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. Bowman's capsule.

b. renal pelvis.

c. ureter.

d. bladder.

e. proximal urethra.

32 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Histiocyte

c. . Microglia

d. . Langerhans cell

e. . Kupffer cells

33 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Ciliary body

34 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner pillar cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Outer phalangeal cells

d. . Inner border cells

e. . Hair cells

35 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Descemet's membrane

36 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

37 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Epithelium

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Endothelium

38 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Clara cell

39 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

40 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Uvea

e. . Rods

41 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Pigment epithelium

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Muller's cells

d. . Huxley's layer

e. . Cones

42 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Zonlular fibers

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Spiral ligament

43 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Iris

d. . Choroid

e. . Lens

44 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

45 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Schlemm

b. . Canal of Descemet

c. . Canal of Hering

d. . Canal of Muller

e. . Canaliculi

46 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous

c. . Simple cuboidal

d. . Simple columnar

e. . Simple squamous

47 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

48 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

49 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Pigmented epithelium

50 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Ciliary body

51 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Endothelium

e. . Substantia propria

52 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Saccule, Utricle

53 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

54 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

55 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Os

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

56 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Uvea

b. . Choroid

c. . Retina

d. . Cornea

e. . Sclera

57 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

58 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

59 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Iris

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Choroid

e. . Cornea

60 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Spongy bone

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