Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. lamina propria

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. stratum corneum

e. hypodermis

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

3 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. sebaceous glands.

b. submucosal glands.

c. eccrine sweat glands.

d. lymphatic glands.

e. mammary glands.

4 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. Langerhans cell

b. keratinocyte

c. melanocyte

d. fibroblast

e. myoepithelial cell

5 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. pilosebaceous unit

c. hair follicle

d. hairy skin

e. papillary dermis

6 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. dermis

c. lamina propria

d. mucosa

e. hypodermis

7 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. papillae

b. calyces

c. columns of Bertin.

d. medullary rays.

e. renal lobules.

8 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocyte foot processes

c. capillary endothelial cells.

d. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

e. capillary fenestrations.

9 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. hair follicle.

10 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. apocrine sweat glands.

b. hair follicles.

c. arrector pili.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. sweat glands.

11 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. ureter.

b. renal pelvis.

c. bladder.

d. Bowman's capsule.

e. proximal urethra.

12 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum lucidum.

13 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobar arteries.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. interlobular arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. afferent arteries.

14 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. hair follicle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

16 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. hair follicle.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

18 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. keratinocyte

c. Merkel cell

d. melanocyte

e. Langerhans cell

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

20 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. mesangial cells.

21 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. medulla.

c. cortex

d. papillae.

e. calyx.

22 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. transitional epithelium.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

24 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

c. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

d. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

e. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

25 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

e. podocytes.

26 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. loop of Henle.

c. glomerulus.

d. collecting duct.

e. proximal convoluted tubule.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

29 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. calyx

b. medulla

c. pelvis

d. papilla

e. cortex

30 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

b. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

c. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

d. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

e. epidermis and dermis.

31 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. urea.

b. antiduretic hormone.

c. angiotensinogen.

d. aldosterone.

e. renin.

32 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

33 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule, Utricle

34 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Endothelium

e. . Substantia propria

35 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Cochlea

c. . Crista ampullaris

d. . Utricle

e. . Saccule

36 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

37 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Sclera

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Iris

38 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina vitrea

39 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Endothelium

40 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala tympani

41 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Uvea

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Cones

e. . Rods

42 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Hyaline cartilage

43 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Terminal bronchiole

44 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Alveolar ducts

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar sacs

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

45 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

46 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Endolymph

c. . Air

d. . Perilymph

e. . Blood

47 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Compact bone

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Hyaline cartilage

48 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina vitrea

49 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Receptor cells

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Neurons

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Pigmented epithelium

50 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple columnar

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple squamous

d. . Simple cuboidal

e. . Stratified squamous

51 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

52 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina cribrosa

53 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Bipolar neuron

b. . Supporting cell

c. . Unipolar neuron

d. . Multipolar neuron

54 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

55 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Pigment epithelium

c. . Huxley's layer

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Muller's cells

56 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 1

b. . 2

c. . 4

d. . 10

e. . 5

57 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

58 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

59 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Brush cells

60 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods, Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Rods

e. . Cones

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