Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

2 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Os

c. . Optic disc

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Lamina cribrosa

3 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Transitional epithelium

4 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Pseudounipolar

c. . Bipolar

d. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

e. . Unipolar

5 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Ciliary muscle

b. . Tarsus

c. . Orbicularis oculi

d. . Levator muscle

e. . Internal oblique muscle

6 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Spiral ligament

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Zonlular fibers

7 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

8 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Semicircular canals

9 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Cones

10 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

11 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Perilymph

c. . Endolymph

d. . Blood

e. . Air

12 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

13 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Schlemm

b. . Canal of Hering

c. . Canaliculi

d. . Canal of Descemet

e. . Canal of Muller

14 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Cornea

d. . Choroid

e. . Iris

15 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

16 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Endothelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Substantia propria

17 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 5

b. . 3

c. . 4

d. . 1

e. . 2

18 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Stratified squamous

b. . Simple columnar

c. . Simple squamous

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal

19 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Cornea

c. . Sclera

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ciliary body

20 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Saccule

b. . Utricle

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Cochlea

e. . Semicircular canals

21 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Langerhans cell

c. . Kupffer cells

d. . Microglia

e. . Histiocyte

22 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Reticular fibers

b. . Myofibrils

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Elastic fibers

23 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Cornea

c. . Iris

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ora serrata

24 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Iris

c. . Choroid

d. . Sclera

e. . Ora serrata

25 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Horizontal cells

b. . Cones

c. . Huxley's layer

d. . Muller's cells

e. . Pigment epithelium

26 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

27 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Endolymph

e. . Perilymph

28 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

29 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. hair follicle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

b. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

32 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. Bowman's capsule.

b. proximal urethra.

c. renal pelvis.

d. bladder.

e. ureter.

33 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. Meissner's corpuscles

b. dermal papillae

c. arrector pili muscle

d. sweat gland ducts

e. epidermal appendages

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

36 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. hilus.

b. calyx.

c. medulla.

d. cortex.

e. pelvis.

37 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

38 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. pericytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. fibroblasts

d. podocyte foot processes.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

39 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Merkel cells.

b. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

c. Langerhans cells.

d. melanocytes

e. fibroblasts

40 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

41 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. vasa recta.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. arcuate arteries.

42 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

43 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

44 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 micrometers.

b. 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 nanometers.

e. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

45 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

46 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. proximal convoluted tubule.

c. glomerulus.

d. loop of Henle.

e. collecting duct.

47 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

e. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

48 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. macula densa.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocytes.

49 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. sweat glands.

d. hair follicles.

e. apocrine sweat glands.

50 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

e. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

51 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

52 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. hilus

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. capsule

e. medulla

53 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

54 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

55 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

b. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. collecting duct epithelium.

e. transitional epithelium.

56 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

57 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

58 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

b. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

59 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. There are six layers to the epidermis.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

60 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

c. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

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The average score is 35%

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