Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Cochlea

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule

2 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Fovea centralis

3 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Unipolar

d. . Pseudounipolar

e. . Multipolar

4 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Elastic cartilage

5 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Sclera

c. . Choroid

d. . Iris

e. . Ora serrata

6 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

7 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

8 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

9 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Os

b. . Optic disc

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Lamina cribrosa

10 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

11 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

12 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Clara cell

13 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Cornea

b. . Choroid

c. . Uvea

d. . Sclera

e. . Retina

14 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Choroid

c. . Iris

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Cornea

15 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Fibrocartilage

16 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Optic disc

17 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

18 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Larynx

d. . Trachea

19 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

20 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

21 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

22 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Saccule

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Crista ampullaris

d. . Utricle

e. . Cochlea

23 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Uvea

24 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

25 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

26 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

27 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Optic disc

28 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canaliculi

b. . Canal of Schlemm

c. . Canal of Muller

d. . Canal of Hering

e. . Canal of Descemet

29 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Reticular fibers

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Myofibrils

30 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Utricle

e. . Saccule

31 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

32 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. hypodermis

d. lamina propria

e. stratum corneum

33 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. adipose connective tissue.

34 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. medullary rays.

b. columns of Bertin.

c. renal lobules.

d. calyces

e. papillae

35 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocyte foot processes

c. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

d. capillary endothelial cells.

e. capillary fenestrations.

36 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. bladder.

b. renal pelvis.

c. ureter.

d. proximal urethra.

e. Bowman's capsule.

37 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

b. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

c. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

d. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

e. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

38 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hair follicle

b. stratum granulosum

c. hairy skin

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. papillary dermis

39 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. collecting duct.

b. loop of Henle.

c. distal convoluted tubule.

d. proximal convoluted tubule.

e. glomerulus.

40 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. sweat gland ducts

b. Meissner's corpuscles

c. dermal papillae

d. epidermal appendages

e. arrector pili muscle

41 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

42 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. hypodermis

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. epidermis

43 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. mesangial cells.

c. macula densa.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes.

44 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. mesangial cells.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

45 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 nanometers.

c. 30 and 35 micrometers.

d. 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

46 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. mucosa

c. lamina propria

d. epidermis

e. dermis

47 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobular arteries.

b. afferent arteries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. interlobar arteries.

e. vasa recta.

48 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. hair follicles.

b. arrector pili.

c. sweat glands.

d. apocrine sweat glands.

e. sebaceous glands.

49 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

50 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

b. transitional epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

51 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

52 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

b. podocytes.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

53 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. thick skin

c. stratum lucidum

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum corneum

54 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

55 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

56 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

d. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

e. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

57 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

58 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. hypodermis

c. lamina propria

d. mucosa

e. dermis

59 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

d. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

e. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

60 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

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