Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. apocrine sweat glands.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. hair follicles.

e. sweat glands.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

b. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

c. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

6 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

c. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

d. epidermis and dermis.

e. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

7 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum corneum.

8 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 micrometers.

b. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

c. 300 and 350 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 nanometers.

e. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

9 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum granulosum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

b. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

11 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

b. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

c. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

d. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

e. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

12 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

e. mesangial cells.

13 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. melanocyte

b. Merkel cell

c. myoepithelial cell

d. Langerhans cell

e. keratinocyte

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

16 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. simple columnar epithelial cells.

d. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

17 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. mucosa

d. epidermis

e. lamina propria

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

c. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

19 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. podocytes.

b. macula densa.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. mesangial cells.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

21 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes

e. pericytes

22 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hairy skin

b. hair follicle

c. papillary dermis

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. stratum granulosum

23 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole.

b. area cribosa.

c. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

d. vascular pole.

e. mesangium

24 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

25 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. collecting duct.

b. proximal convoluted tubule.

c. glomerulus.

d. loop of Henle.

e. distal convoluted tubule.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

27 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. Merkel cells.

d. melanocytes

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

28 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

29 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

31 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

33 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. adipose connective tissue.

34 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Terminal bronchiole

35 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

36 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Blood

c. . Lymph

d. . Air

e. . Perilymph

37 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

38 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Ciliary muscle

c. . Tarsus

d. . Orbicularis oculi

e. . Internal oblique muscle

39 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Air

b. . Blood

c. . Perilymph

d. . Lymph

e. . Endolymph

40 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Pseudounipolar

c. . Bipolar

d. . Unipolar

e. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

41 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 3

b. . 4

c. . 1

d. . 2

e. . 5

42 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala tympani

43 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Ciliary body

44 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

45 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

46 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

47 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Collagen fibers

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Myofibrils

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Elastic fibers

48 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Trachea

b. . Larynx

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Bronchi

49 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Posterior chamber

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

50 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

51 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

52 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Cricoid cartilage

b. . Corniculate cartilage

c. . Arytenoid cartilage

d. . Epiglottis

e. . Thyroid cartilage

53 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveolar sacs

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Bronchi

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

54 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

55 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Optic disc

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Os

e. . Lamina cribrosa

56 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Substantia propria

57 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Langerhans cell

c. . Kupffer cells

d. . Histiocyte

e. . Microglia

58 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Sound

b. . Movement

c. . Position

d. . Vibration

59 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Endothelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Epithelium

60 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Choroid

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Sclera

Your score is

The average score is 42%

Any comments?

Any problems/errors or mistakes found while testing, please let us know for modification!

និស្សិតអាចប្រាប់មកកាន់ពួកយើងបានដើម្បីកែកំហុស ឬអំពីបញ្ហាដោយអចេតនាណាមួយដែលកើតមានកំឡុងពេលធ្វើតេស្ត