Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 micrometers.

b. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

c. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 nanometers.

e. 300 and 350 micrometers.

2 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

3 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

4 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

6 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

b. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

c. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

7 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

8 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

10 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. interlobar arteries.

c. vasa recta.

d. afferent arteries.

e. interlobular arteries.

11 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

12 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. fibroblasts

b. Merkel cells.

c. Langerhans cells.

d. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

e. melanocytes

13 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

b. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

c. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

d. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

e. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

15 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

16 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

17 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple columnar epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

18 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. Langerhans cell

b. keratinocyte

c. myoepithelial cell

d. melanocyte

e. fibroblast

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

20 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole.

b. vascular pole.

c. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

d. mesangium

e. area cribosa.

21 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. calyx.

b. medulla.

c. hilus.

d. pelvis.

e. cortex.

22 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

23 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

b. mesangial cells.

c. capillary endothelial cells.

d. capillary fenestrations.

e. podocyte foot processes

24 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum granulosum.

25 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sweat glands.

b. hair follicles.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. apocrine sweat glands.

e. arrector pili.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

c. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

28 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. hypodermis

c. dermis

d. mucosa

e. lamina propria

29 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. angiotensinogen.

b. renin.

c. urea.

d. antiduretic hormone.

e. aldosterone.

30 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

31 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Neurons

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Ciliary body

32 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods, Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Ganglion cells

33 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Muller's cells

c. . Horizontal cells

d. . Huxley's layer

e. . Pigment epithelium

34 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Cones

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Rods

35 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

36 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Unipolar neuron

b. . Multipolar neuron

c. . Supporting cell

d. . Bipolar neuron

37 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

38 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Saccule

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Utricle

39 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

40 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

41 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar

b. . Multipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Bipolar

e. . Pseudounipolar

42 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Utricle

e. . Organ of Corti

43 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

44 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

45 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

46 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Retina

b. . Choroid

c. . Cornea

d. . Sclera

e. . Uvea

47 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

48 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Crista ampullaris

49 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Lamina cribrosa

50 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Sclera

e. . Cornea

51 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

52 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Stratified squamous

b. . Simple squamous

c. . Simple columnar

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal

53 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Basal cells

54 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

55 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Brush cells

56 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Myofibrils

d. . Collagen fibers

e. . Reticular fibers

57 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Clara cell

58 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Compact bone

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Spongy bone

e. . Elastic cartilage

59 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

60 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ciliary muscle

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Sclera

e. . Iris

Your score is

The average score is 79%

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