Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

2 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum basale

d. stratum spinosum

e. thin skin

3 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocyte foot processes

c. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

d. capillary fenestrations.

e. capillary endothelial cells.

4 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

5 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

6 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. keratinocyte

b. melanocyte

c. myoepithelial cell

d. fibroblast

e. Langerhans cell

7 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. epidermis

b. sweat gland.

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. hypodermis

8 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. melanocytes

b. fibroblasts

c. Merkel cells.

d. Langerhans cells.

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

9 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. papillary dermis

b. dermis

c. stratum corneum of epidermis

d. hypodermis

e. stratum basale of epidermis.

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

11 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

b. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

c. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

d. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

e. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

12 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

b. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

d. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

17 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. hair follicle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. duct of sweat gland.

18 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. columns of Bertin.

b. renal lobules.

c. medullary rays.

d. papillae

e. calyces

19 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

b. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

e. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

21 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. lamina propria

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. mucosa

22 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. medulla.

b. cortex

c. calyx.

d. pelvis.

e. papillae.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

24 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. podocytes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

25 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. hair follicle.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. duct of sweat gland.

26 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 micrometers.

c. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 nanometers.

e. 300 and 350 micrometers.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

28 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. glomerulus.

c. distal convoluted tubule.

d. collecting duct.

e. proximal convoluted tubule.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

b. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

30 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

31 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

32 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

33 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. angiotensinogen.

b. renin.

c. urea.

d. aldosterone.

e. antiduretic hormone.

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

35 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

36 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. calyx

b. medulla

c. papillae

d. pelvis

e. cortex

37 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina vitrea

38 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Utricle

39 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canaliculi

b. . Canal of Hering

c. . Canal of Descemet

d. . Canal of Muller

e. . Canal of Schlemm

40 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

41 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Epithelium

c. . Endothelium

d. . Substantia propria

42 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Cornea

b. . Sclera

c. . Choroid

d. . Retina

e. . Uvea

43 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

44 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

45 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

46 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Organ of Corti

47 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Cochlea

e. . Crista ampullaris

48 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Rods

c. . Henle's layer

d. . Amacrine cells

e. . Ganglion cells

49 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

50 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Endothelium

e. . Epithelium

51 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

52 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Thyroid cartilage

b. . Corniculate cartilage

c. . Epiglottis

d. . Arytenoid cartilage

e. . Cricoid cartilage

53 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar sacs

c. . Bronchi

d. . Alveolar ducts

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

54 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

55 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Os

e. . Optic disc

56 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Zonlular fibers

b. . Spiral ligament

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Purkinje fibers

57 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

58 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Lens

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

59 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Olfactory cells

60 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

Your score is

The average score is 46%

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