Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. hair follicle.

2 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. fibroblasts

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocyte foot processes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. pericytes

3 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

b. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

4 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. keratinocyte

b. Langerhans cell

c. fibroblast

d. melanocyte

e. myoepithelial cell

5 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. pericytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. cuboidal cells.

d. squamous cells.

e. podocytes

6 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum lucidum.

7 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

8 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

11 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Merkel cell

b. keratinocyte

c. Langerhans cell

d. myoepithelial cell

e. melanocyte

12 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. cortex

b. medulla.

c. calyx.

d. papillae.

e. pelvis.

13 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. urea.

b. aldosterone.

c. renin.

d. angiotensinogen.

e. antiduretic hormone.

14 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. glomerulus.

b. loop of Henle.

c. collecting duct.

d. distal convoluted tubule.

e. proximal convoluted tubule.

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

16 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocytes

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. pericytes

e. fibroblasts

17 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. adipose connective tissue.

b. endothelium.

c. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

d. dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. transitional epithelium.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

19 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. papillary layer of dermis.

b. hypodermis

c. stratum corneum

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. lamina propria

20 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. calyx

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. medulla

e. papillae

21 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

23 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

24 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

c. epidermis and dermis.

d. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

e. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

b. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

30 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. pelvis

c. hilus

d. medulla

e. capsule

31 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

32 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. medulla

b. papilla

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. calyx

33 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. melanocytes

b. fibroblasts

c. Langerhans cells.

d. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

e. Merkel cells.

34 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. vasa recta.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. arcuate arteries.

35 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Rods

c. . Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Uvea

36 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Utricle

e. . Semicircular canals

37 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar sac

38 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Epiglottis

b. . Thyroid cartilage

c. . Cricoid cartilage

d. . Arytenoid cartilage

e. . Corniculate cartilage

39 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Saccule

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Utricle

d. . Cochlea

e. . Crista ampullaris

40 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

41 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Muller's cells

b. . Huxley's layer

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Cones

e. . Horizontal cells

42 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Brush cells

43 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Choroid

b. . Retina

c. . Cornea

d. . Sclera

e. . Uvea

44 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

45 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

46 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Sclera

d. . Iris

e. . Ciliary body

47 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

48 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Uvea

c. . Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Ganglion cells

49 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Receptor cells

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Neurons

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ciliary body

50 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Pseudounipolar

d. . Unipolar

e. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

51 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

52 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Compact bone

53 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

54 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Position

b. . Sound

c. . Movement

d. . Vibration

55 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Bowman's membrane

56 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

57 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Choroid

e. . Iris

58 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Spiral ligament

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Zonlular fibers

59 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Posterior chamber

60 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Orbicularis oculi

d. . Tarsus

e. . Ciliary muscle

Your score is

The average score is 46%

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