Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

2 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. stratum lucidum

c. stratum granulosum

d. thick skin

e. stratum corneum

3 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. keratinocyte

b. Langerhans cell

c. Merkel cell

d. melanocyte

e. myoepithelial cell

4 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. calyx.

b. pelvis.

c. medulla.

d. cortex

e. papillae.

5 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

6 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

b. melanocytes

c. Merkel cells.

d. fibroblasts

e. Langerhans cells.

7 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. sweat gland ducts

b. epidermal appendages

c. arrector pili muscle

d. dermal papillae

e. Meissner's corpuscles

8 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. hair follicles.

c. apocrine sweat glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. sweat glands.

9 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. epidermis

c. mucosa

d. hypodermis

e. dermis

10 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. area cribosa.

c. vascular pole.

d. mesangium

e. urinary (tubular) pole.

11 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobular arteries.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. afferent arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. interlobar arteries.

12 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

13 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. papilla

b. calyx

c. medulla

d. pelvis

e. cortex

14 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

17 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. vasa recta.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. efferent arterioles.

18 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

20 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. loop of Henle.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. glomerulus.

e. collecting duct.

21 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. renin.

b. angiotensinogen.

c. antiduretic hormone.

d. aldosterone.

e. urea.

22 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

c. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

d. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

23 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

e. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

25 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

e. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

e. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

28 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum basale of epidermis.

b. papillary dermis

c. dermis

d. stratum corneum of epidermis

e. hypodermis

29 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Choroid

b. . Retina

c. . Uvea

d. . Cornea

e. . Sclera

30 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Henle's layer

b. . Rods

c. . Amacrine cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

31 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

32 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 1

b. . 4

c. . 2

d. . 5

e. . 10

33 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

e. . Vitreal cavity

34 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

35 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

36 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

37 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Air

b. . Lymph

c. . Perilymph

d. . Endolymph

e. . Blood

38 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Optic disc

39 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

40 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

41 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Rods

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Ganglion cells

42 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Receptor cells

d. . Neurons

e. . Pigmented epithelium

43 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

44 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar sac

45 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Basal cells

46 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Descemet's membrane

47 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

48 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

49 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

50 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

51 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Unipolar neuron

b. . Bipolar neuron

c. . Multipolar neuron

d. . Supporting cell

52 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic disc

53 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

54 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Os

e. . Optic disc

55 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

56 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 1

b. . 2

c. . 5

d. . 3

e. . 4

57 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

58 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Spiral ligament

c. . Elastic fibers

d. . Oval ligament

e. . Zonlular fibers

59 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Corniculate cartilage

b. . Epiglottis

c. . Thyroid cartilage

d. . Cricoid cartilage

e. . Arytenoid cartilage

60 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Tarsus

b. . Levator muscle

c. . Internal oblique muscle

d. . Orbicularis oculi

e. . Ciliary muscle

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