Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

2 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

b. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

c. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

d. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

4 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. pelvis

b. calyx

c. papilla

d. cortex

e. medulla

5 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. lamina propria

b. stratum corneum

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. hypodermis

e. papillary layer of dermis.

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

d. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

9 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

10 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum basale

c. stratum corneum

d. thick skin

e. stratum lucidum

11 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

12 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

b. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

c. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

d. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

e. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

14 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

c. epidermis and dermis.

d. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

e. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

15 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. There are six layers to the epidermis.

d. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

16 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. melanocyte

b. myoepithelial cell

c. Langerhans cell

d. keratinocyte

e. Merkel cell

17 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

18 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. lymphocytes

b. smooth muscle.

c. squamous epithelium.

d. columnar epithelium.

e. glandular epithelium.

19 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

c. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

d. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

e. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

21 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. fibroblasts

b. Langerhans cells.

c. Merkel cells.

d. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

e. melanocytes

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

23 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. lamina propria

d. epidermis

e. mucosa

24 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum corneum of epidermis

b. stratum basale of epidermis.

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. papillary dermis

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

28 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

29 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. medulla.

c. cortex

d. pelvis.

e. calyx.

30 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. simple squamous epithelial cells.

d. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

e. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

32 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. lamina propria

d. epidermis

e. mucosa

33 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Terminal bronchiole

34 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

35 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Semicircular canals

36 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Blood

c. . Air

d. . Perilymph

e. . Endolymph

37 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

38 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Cornea

e. . Pigmented epithelium

39 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

40 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

41 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Posterior chamber

42 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner border cells

b. . Inner pillar cells

c. . Hair cells

d. . Cells of Hensen

e. . Outer phalangeal cells

43 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Lamina cribrosa

44 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Sclera

c. . Choroid

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Iris

45 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Pigment epithelium

b. . Cones

c. . Horizontal cells

d. . Huxley's layer

e. . Muller's cells

46 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

47 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Iris

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Choroid

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Lens

48 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

49 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Multipolar neuron

b. . Bipolar neuron

c. . Supporting cell

d. . Unipolar neuron

50 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Endothelium

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Epithelium

51 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Uvea

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Cones

e. . Rods

52 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Reticular fibers

c. . Myofibrils

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Collagen fibers

53 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Sclera

e. . Iris

54 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Sclera

e. . Choroid

55 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Cricoid cartilage

b. . Thyroid cartilage

c. . Arytenoid cartilage

d. . Corniculate cartilage

e. . Epiglottis

56 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Descemet's membrane

e. . Substantia propria

57 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Terminal bronchiole

58 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Clara cell

59 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 5

b. . 4

c. . 1

d. . 2

e. . 10

60 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Cornea

c. . Iris

d. . Choroid

e. . Ora serrata

Your score is

The average score is 35%

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