1) Concept of Economics: economics is concerned with four elements such as production, distribution, ……….and public finance. Please select the correct answer from the following list

2) ECONOMICS – is a social science that deals with how people organize themselves in order to allocate ………………. in order to produce goods and services that will satisfy the unlimited and multiplying wants and needs of men. Please select the correct answer from the following list

3) Hospital can make a …………? when a total revenue is greater than total cost

4) When all resource is used as best technically possible to produce what society demand, it called …………………

5) A natural phenomenon that guides free markets and capitalism through competition for scarce resources is known as ……………… Please select from the following list

6) . ……………. refers to a market structure where a single firm controls the entire market

7) How does cost recovery ratio calculate?

8) I am happy that producers of water purifiers are in my area because I wanted a water purified so much I would have been willing to pay $100 to import it but now I only have to pay $25 for one at the market. My consumer’s surplus is $…………?

9) ……………………………. is the future worth of a present amount

10) What could be the consequence of moral hazards to health system performance?

11) Which one of the following is not considered as supply side financing scheme in Cambodia?

12) A statement said in Cambodia, health care cost per capita among 60 year old or older population group is estimated at about 5 times higher than the health care per capita for 15 to 44 year old group. Please select the correct answer from the following list:

13) What term are used to describe the satisfaction or happiness gained from consuming a commodity?

14) The benefit associated with the best alternative use of resources is called:

15) Consumer cannot be excluded from consuming the good either by having to pay or through some other mechanisms, is called……………?. Eg. Classic example national defense provide nation’s security, pollution control….

16) The difference between the most he or she would have been willing to pay for a product and the amount she actually pays for it (benefits go to consumers), is called……….?

17) Any economic evaluation where costs and benefits occur over a number of years should consider……………………(Fill in the blank with one of items from below):

18) What does supplier induced demand mean?

19) There three tasks of economic, please select the incorrect one from the following list

20) It is difficult to assign monetary value to health care benefit. Instead…………. allows measurement of potential benefits of health care other than just health gain. Please select option bellow to fill the blank.

21) A ………….. is a list and total of all the debit and credit accounts for an entity for a given period

22) Government makes all economic decisions. To which economic system this statement is classified?

23) Income Statement, also known as the Profit and Loss Statement, reports the company’s financial performance in terms of net profit or loss over a specified period. Income Statement is composed of the following two elements, please select correct answer?

24) A cost that does not varies with the level of output (such as rent, property tax, insurance, or interest expense), it must be paid even if there is no output, is called…..?

25) The Royal Government of Cambodia allows public health facilities to use different proportions of their income from user fees for different purposes as follows. Which one in the following list is incorrect?

26) ……………… is a branch of economic concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value and behavior in the production and consumption of health and health care (how resources are allocated and used?)

27) ………… is the absence of avoidable, unfair, or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically or by other means of stratification.

28) There are three main sources of financing health care in Cambodia these days? Please select the incorrect answer from the following list

29) What will happen to a business/firm, if marginal cost is lower and the average cost falls

30) ……………………, also known as the Profit and Loss Statement, reports the company’s financial performance in terms of net profit or loss over a specified period

31) There are four market systems in theory. Please select the incorrect answer from the following list:

32) A statement said, high disease burden for the poor is due to the lack of hygiene. Please classify this statement into an appropriate task of economic. Please select the correct answer from the following list:

33) The increase or decrease in the total cost a business will incur by producing one more unit of a product or serving one more customer, is called……..

34) In accounting, equity is the difference between the value of the assets and the value of the liabilities of something owned or on a balance sheet, equity represents funds contributed by the owners (stockholders) plus retained earnings or minus the accumulated losses.

35) ……………… is the fundamental reduction in the amount of wasted resources that are used to produce a given number of goods or services (output)

36) ……………..economics is based on fact and cannot be approved or disapproved

37) If add one unit of output and its cost is greater than overall average cost; so overall …………… cost is increased.

38) The extra revenue that an additional unit of product will bring, is called…………..?

39) When price increased, the quantity demanded will almost always ………..?

40) Patient satisfaction measures need to be developed from the …………… perspective:

41) ……………. describes a market structure, where a large number of small firms compete against each other with homogenous products

42) The price increase will cause net revenue of a company to fall if the price elasticity of demand is ………

43) The cost added by producing one additional unit of a product or service is called….cost

44) In a truly competitive market, there are many conditions, please select incorrect condition from the following list

45) To provide stewardship for the entire health sector and to ensure supportive environment for increased demand and equitable access to quality health services in order that all people of Cambodia are able to achieve the highest level of health and well-being. This was stated in the health sector strategic plan 2008-2015. Is it a Vision, Value, Mission or Strategies?

46) A cost that varies as output varies (a cost of labor “wage, salary”, and raw material increase as output increases is called……….?

47) Please select the correct the economic term to match with; the economic activities and institutions around the world

48) Cost to a firm utilizing economic resources in production including opportunity cost, is called………

49) There are types of equity, please classify the statement to which type of equity? It is the principle that taxpayers in similar financial circumstances must be treated in the same way, ie people on the same incomes should pay the same amount in income tax.

50) Health economic decision making concerned A, B, C, and D, which one is not correct? Please select from the following list

51) What would be the consequence of supplier induced demand to health system performance?

52) …………. is the systematic and comprehensive recording of financial transactions pertaining to a business

53) There are factors causes to market failure, which one is not correct? Please select from the following list

54) Specific type of analysis in which the outcomes of the two healthcare interventions are assumed equal, therefore economic evaluation is based solely on comparative costs, what type of this economic evaluation?

55) The rate at which the demand for a good or service declines as price changes is called……………

56) . …………… regulation prescribes how products must be designed or how they must be produced or mandates the inclusion of specific features in the product

57) There are many factors lead to market failure, please select a factor from the following list that is not seen as a factor in market failure

58) In market there are buyers and sellers, the behavior of buyers is represented by………?

59) The rate at which the supply of a good or service changes as its price changes, is called….?

60) Value of suffering or pain caused by interventions, is called………..…

61) Detailed plans, expressed in monitory terms, which specify how resources will be obtained and used during specified period of time, is called………..?.

62) …………is a situation wherein the amount of something available is insufficient to satisfy the desire for it

63) What does adverse selection mean?

64) Intersection of demand and supply determines price and quantity is called……….?

65) Why some government interventions fail? Please select an appropriate one?

66) Cost utility analysis is a method used to make policy decisions that considers the quantity as well as the quality of life-years saved from a medical intervention, is this measured by……………….…?

67) The increase in total costs resulting from an increase in production or other activity is called………………………cost

68) ………………… analysis is a form of economic analysis that compared the relative costs and outcome (effects) two or more course of actions. It looks at single quantified effectiveness measure of the cost per unit: Foe example, the cost in dollars of a life saved.

69) . ……………. refers to a market structure, where a large number of small firms compete against each other with differentiated products

70) The ……………….. is the concept that money available at the present time is worth more than the identical sum in the future due to its potential earning capacity.

71) What should happen when the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis of new treatment compared to a previous treatment lies in quadrant IV on the cost-effectiveness plane (new treatment has lower cost and great effect), which one you choose to for ?

72) …………………., presents the movement in cash and bank balances over a period

73) Good that are thought to be good for someone regardless of the person’s own preferences, is called……………? Eg. Compulsory education, Wearing seat belts or helmets on motor cycles, Tobacco and drugs.

74) What are not the three ways of employing a resource?

75) An increase in the goods and services produced by a society is called ……… which can be measured in various ways such GDP or GNP. Please select an answer in the list below that best defines the missing word

76) Please classify transportation fee for health equity fund patient into type of cost?

77) What does risk selection mean?

78) ……………. economics focuses on the value of economic fairness, or what the economy “should be” or “ought to be.”

79) Statement of Financial Position, also known as the Balance Sheet, presents the financial position of an entity at a given date. It is comprised of the following three elements, please select incorrect answer?

80) What is a key motivator of producer to incentive to provide a good or service?

81) What is cost?

82) Among the health financing schemes are implementing in Cambodia, which one is allowed to contract with both public and private health services providers?

83) What is concept of public good?

84) Individuals, households, communities, businesses, and governments can rely on a ……..- functioning market to allocate resources between producers (supply) and consumers (demand) in ways that are both technically and allocatively efficient.

85) Costs that would appear as costs in an accounting statement, actual expenses plus depreciation charges for capital equipment, is called …………

86) Please select the correct the economic term to match with; a system where trade take place

87) The difference between what suppliers are paid for the goods and/or services they sell and the smallest amount they would have been willing to accept (benefits go to Producers), is called……………..?

88) What does economic of scale mean?

89) Government introduces a tax system/ tax structure with progressively rising tax rates, what type of equity that government intends to address?

90) A……… is defined as a company’s legal financial debts or obligations that arise during the course of business operations

91) ………………………. involves creating, communicating, and delivering health information and interventions using customer-centered and science-based strategies to protect and promote the health of diverse populations:

92) What will happen to a business/firm, if marginal cost is greater and the average cost rises

93) Study/activity deals with the economic behavior of the whole country economy or its aggregate such as government, business, unemployment, inflation and interest rate. To which division of economic, is this study classified as?

94) In economic evaluation, there are economic evaluation trials between two groups commonly used, which are treatment group and ………………. group, please select the correct answer from the following list;

95) A schedule of the quantities of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase at each possible price during a period of time, all other things held constant, is known as……….Please select from the following list;

96) Forming logistical relationships with intermediaries, physical distribution, inventory management, warehousing, transportation, allocating goods and services, wholesaling, and retailing. Please classify this statement to which marketing function by selecting from the following list

97) Which one of the following is not considered as demand side financing scheme in Cambodia?

98) A number that represents the level of satisfaction that the consumer derives from particular goods is known as ……….. Please select from the following list;

99) Someone’s consumption does not reduce the amount available for others to consume, is called…………….?. Eg. Control of disease vectors (malaria), Food and water safety

100) What does progressive tax relatively mean in economic term?

101) What was considered as a major reform to supply side financing in the health sector in Cambodia during health sector reform in 1995- 1996? Please select the correct answer from the following list:

102) There are many types of government intervention, please classify next statement to which type of government intervention? Government prohibits smoking in closed door restaurant.

103) ………………. is the present value of an amount that will be received in the future

104) Two types of economics cost, there are financial and …………. cost. The resources have value, nothing free. Please complete the missing by selecting from the following list;

105) A method developed to help decision makers compare the value of alternative interventions that have very different health benefits, and it facilitates these comparisons without recourse to placing monetary values on different health states, what type of this economic analysis?

106) A method that seeks to identify, measure, value and compare the costs and consequences of alternative courses of action so as to provide decision-makers with information on which to premise their actions. Please select the correct answer from the following list:

107) . …………………..Efficiency describes a situation where resources are allocated and commodities distributed in which a way that maximize social welfare, which social welfare is total benefit minus total cost.

108) ……….. are commodities or services that are used to produce goods and services.

109) Cost effectiveness analysis can sometimes be used to provide limited information on …………..through a ration of extra benefit produced (incremental cost-efficiency analysis). Please select correct phrase from the following list):

110) An economic system in which economic decisions are guided by the changes in prices that occur as individual buyers and sellers interact in the market place. To which economic system this statement is classified?

111) Human …….are the basic requirement and include food clothing and shelter.

112) Costs that have been incurred and cannot be reversed, it is a retrospective cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered, is called……..

113) Hospital services and its perception by the patient are known as …………Satisfaction. Please select from the following list;

114) Please select the correct the economic term to match with; Economy with an absence of exchange

115) ………… is an economic analysis in which the incremental cost of a program from a particular point of view is compared to the incremental health improvement expressed in the unit of quality adjusted life years (QALYs.

116) There ways for any government to intervene to address incomplete market, specifically if Insurance companies don’t want to insure people for pre-existing diseases (cancer, AIDS), please select an appropriate intervention?

117) A schedule of quantities of a good that will be produced and offered for sale at a schedule of prices during a given time, is known as……….. Please select from the following list;

118) . ……………… describes a market structure where a small number of firms compete against each other

119) What are not within the three ways of employing a resource?

120) Planning, implementing, and controlling the marketing program (strategy) and individual marketing functions; appraising the risks and benefits in decision making; and focusing on total quality. Please classify this statement to marketing function by selecting from the following list

121) A method of analysis used for decision making that estimates the total costs of achieving a defined health care objective, Example: A life-year saved from a medical treatment or health behavior, what type of this economic analysis?

122) Under the marginal approach to profit maximization, to maximize profits, a firm should continue to produce a good or service up to the point where marginal profit is …………..

123) What measurement do people used when doing cost benefit analysis?

124) What does asymmetry information mean?

125) Study/activity deals specifically with the economic behavior of the individual units such as consumers, firms or the owners of factory. To which division of economic, is this study classified as?

126) What is called in economic term when “capacity of government to provide additional budgetary resources for a desired purpose [e.g. health] without any prejudice to sustainability of its financial position”?

127) ………….. is the ratio between the cost of a good or service and its selling price. It is expressed as a percentage over the cost

128) Statement of Financial Position, also known as the …………, presents the financial position of an entity at a given date

129) Which one of the following indicators is not health financing indicator?

130) There are four market structures, (1) perfect competition, (2) monopolistic competition, (3) monopoly and (4) ………………please complete the missing one by selecting from the following list;

131) Please select the correct the economic term to match with; a system where few resource allocation decisions are to market force

132) What should happen when the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis of new treatment compared to a previous treatment lies in quadrant II (Hight cost with less effective) on the cost- effectiveness plane?

133) There is a specific type of analysis called…………………………..is used in which the outcomes of the 2 (or more) healthcare interventions are assumed equal.

134) There are many perspective factors to promote demand, please select inappropriate factor from the following list

135) Wealth of a country can be measured by……

136) There are four type of economic evaluation analysis which consists of cost minimization, cost effective, cost utility and cost………………analyses.

137) . ………………. compare the costs and consequences of two (or more) alternative health care interventions. It is a way of thinking which is backed up by a set of tools, that are designed to improve the value for money from investments in health care and welfare.

138) What could be the consequence of risk and adverse selection to health system performance?

139) ……………includes the labor, capital, land and natural resources and entrepreneurship that are used to produce goods and services

140) What were identified as the two defining concepts of economics?

141) The most effective method of measuring the cost effectiveness is to calculate the ICER, it is calculated by (Cnew – Cold)/(Enew – Eold) what is ICER stand for? Please noted that Cnew=cost of new intervention, Cold= cost of old intervention, Enew= effect of new intervention, and Eold= effect of old intervention.

142) People follow their customs and make what their ancestors made. To which economic system this statement is classified?

143) When this community was very poor I sold water purifiers for $25 which was the absolute minimum I could accept to cover my costs and barely make a living. I almost quit supplying them. Now that the community has benefited from increasing incomes, I’m able to sell water coolers for $30 each. My producer’s surplus is now $… per cooler

144) Straight line method which formulated by cost divided by number of years of its useful life or year life, is used to calculate for……………………..?

145) When price increased the supply of good or service will ………..?

146) To enhance sustainable development of the health sector for better health and well-being of all Cambodians, especially the poor, women and children, thereby contributing to poverty alleviation and socio-economic development. This was stated in the health sector strategic plan 2008-2015. Is it a Vision, Value, Mission or Strategies?

147) Please select the correct the economic term to match with; A market economy with substantial government intervention.

148) Please select the correct the economic term to match with; An exchange economy with little government intervention.

149) What is a key motivator of household incentives to access/utilize a good or service?

150) What does moral hazard mean?

151) There are common indicators to measure a country wealth. Which one of the following indicators is calculated by the value of all the goods and services produced in a country, plus its exports and minus its imports?

152) Those costs which vary with the level of production and are proportional to quantities produced, is called………….…

153) There are two division economics which is Microeconomic and …………. please complete by selecting the correct answer from the following list

154) . ………… is an economic principle referring to a consumer’s desire to purchase goods and services and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service