Biophysique Preparation (Mr. Chhoeurt Koeurn)

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1) What part of the ear captures sound from the environment?

a. . Eardrum

b. . Pinna (Outer Ear)

c. . Auditory Nerve

d. . Cochlea

e. . Ear canal

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2) What is the role of the basilar membrane in hearing?

a. . To amplify sound using ossicle action

b. . To convert sound waves directly into nerve impulses

c. . To protect the cochlea from excessive fluid pressure

d. . To vibrate in response to fluid movement and stimulate hair cells

e. . To equalize air pressure in the inner ear

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3) How do spiders primarily detect sounds?

a. . Using specialized sensory hairs called trichobothria

b. . Through eardrums like humans

c. . By hearing with their eyes

d. . Through their webs acting like ears

e. . Using antennae

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4) What is the term for the volume flow rate of blood pumped by the heart?

a. . Stroke rate

b. . Blood pressure

c. . Tidal volume

d. . Cardiac output

e. . Air Volume

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5) Why does ear pressure often occur during altitude changes?

a. . Fluid buildup behind the eardrum

b. . Unequal pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment

c. . Blockage from earwax

d. . Inner ear swelling

e. . Cold air entering the ear canal

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6) What happens when the pressure inside the middle ear is lower than the external air pressure?

a. . Eardrum is pulled inward

b. . Eardrum ruptures immediately

c. . Eardrum pushes outward

d. . No effect unless temperature changes

e. . Hearing improves

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7) What type of wave is sound when traveling through air?

a. . Longitudinal wave

b. . Transverse wave

c. . Sound wave

d. . Electromagnetic wave

e. . Light wave

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8) How do hair cells convert mechanical vibrations into neural signals?

a. . By creating turbulence in the fluid

b. . By opening ion channels on stereocilia

c. . Through hormone secretion

d. . By reflecting sound

e. . By moving ossicles

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9) Why does the flow rate increase more slowly in turbulent flow compared to laminar flow?

a. . Because turbulent flow causes vessel dilation

b. . Because blood viscosity is reduced in turbulence

c. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square of pressure gradient

d. . Because turbulent flow eliminates resistance

e. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square root of pressure gradient

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10) What does a sound intensity of 120-130 dB correspond to?

a. . Soft whisper

b. . Threshold of pain (very loud)

c. . Normal conversation

d. . Silence

e. . Whisper

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11) Which part of the ear sends sound information to the brain?

a. . Ear Canal

b. . Ossicles

c. . Pinna

d. . Cochlea

e. . Auditory Nerve

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12) What does “dynamic range” in human hearing refer to?

a. . Frequency range of hearing

b. . Loudness range between threshold and pain

c. . Range of hair cell movement

d. . Bone conduction capacity

e. . Auditory nerve firing rate

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13) Where in the ear does the amplification of sound primarily occur?

a. . Pinna

b. . Middle ear (ossicles)

c. . Inner ear (cochlea)

d. . Auditory nerve

e. . Outer ear (pinna)

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14) What can happen if the volume flow rate of blood or air is too low?

a. . Higher blood sugar levels

b. . Oxygen shortage in tissues

c. . Improved digestion

d. . Stronger muscles

e. . weaker muscles

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15) What is the role of the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)?

a. . They convert sound into chemical energy.

b. . They amplify and transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

c. . They carry signal out from the brain

d. . They detect electrical signals.

e. . They carry sound directly to the brain.

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16) What does the volume flow rate (Q) measure?

a. . The volume of fluid passing through a point per unit time

b. . The weight of fluid per time

c. . The speed of a moving object

d. . The area of flow per volume

e. . The area of flow per unit time

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17) The function of outer hair cells in the cochlea is to

a. . Detect high-frequency tones only

b. . Amplify and fine-tune mechanical vibrations

c. . Transmit signals to the auditory cortex

d. . Convert electrical signals into mechanical motion

e. . Produce earwax

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18) What is the primary function of the cochlear hair cells?

a. . To move the ossicles

b. . To protect the eardrum

c. . To convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals

d. . To produce perilymph

e. . To generate pressure waves

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19) In laminar flow, how does vessel radius affect flow rate?

a. . Flow rate is proportional to the square of radius

b. . Flow rate is directly proportional to radius

c. . Flow rate is proportional to the fourth power of radius

d. . Flow rate decreases linearly with radius

e. . It has no effect

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20) What is the correct order of how sound travels through the ear?

a. . Cochlea → Eardrum → Ossicles → Auditory Nerve

b. . Ear Canal → Cochlea → Ossicles → Eardrum → Auditory Nerve

c. . Eardrum → Cochlea → Ossicles → Auditory Nerve

d. . Ear Canal → Cochlea → Ossicles → Eardrum → Brain

e. . Ear Canal → Eardrum → Ossicles → Cochlea → Auditory Nerve

21 / 30

21) Why do hair cells fail to recover after damage?

a. . They only respond to low frequencies

b. . They are post-mitotic and do not regenerate

c. . They are protected by immune cells

d. . They regenerate slowly over time

e. . They are replaced by fluid

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22) What is the main biophysical role of the ossicles in hearing?

a. . Amplify mechanical vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear

b. . Equalize air pressure

c. . Convert sound waves into electrical signals

d. . Detect high-frequency sound

e. . Transmit sound directly to the brain

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23) Which principle explains how different frequencies affect different parts of the cochlea?

a. . Bernoulli principle

b. . Hooke’s law

c. . Laplace’s law

d. . Poiseuille's law

e. . Tonotopic organization

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24) Which organs are most affected if blood flow rate drops too low?

a. . Hair and nails

b. . Lungs and Spinal cord

c. . Skin and muscles

d. . Brain and heart

e. . Bones and cartilage

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25) What happens to the dynamic range at very low or very high frequencies?

a. . It remains unchanged

b. . It becomes infinite

c. . It becomes negative

d. . It increases

e. . It narrows

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26) Why is volume flow rate important in the respiratory system?

a. . It maintains body temperature

b. . It determines how much oxygen enters the blood

c. . It controls your breath

d. . It produces energy directly

e. . It controls your heartbeat

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27) In which frequency range is the ear most sensitive, having the widest dynamic range?

a. . Above 10 kHz

b. . 5–8 kHz

c. . 1–2 kHz

d. . 20–50 Hz

e. . 100–500 Hz

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28) Which of the following is not true about sound waves?

a. . They need a medium to travel

b. . They can travel in a vacuum

c. . They are longitudinal in air

d. . They are mechanical waves

e. . They carry mass of particles

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29) Where are sound vibrations converted into electrical signals?

a. . Auditory Nerve

b. . Pinna

c. . Ear Canal

d. . Cochlea

e. . Eardrum

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30) What is the approximate dynamic range of the human ear in the 1–2 kHz frequency range?

a. . 0–120 to 130 dB

b. . 0–80 dB

c. . 20–200 dB

d. . 0–100 dB

e. . 10–50 dB

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