Biophysique Preparation (Mr. Chhoeurt Koeurn)

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1) How do hair cells convert mechanical vibrations into neural signals?

a. . Through hormone secretion

b. . By creating turbulence in the fluid

c. . By reflecting sound

d. . By moving ossicles

e. . By opening ion channels on stereocilia

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2) What part of the ear captures sound from the environment?

a. . Ear canal

b. . Auditory Nerve

c. . Pinna (Outer Ear)

d. . Cochlea

e. . Eardrum

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3) Which organs are most affected if blood flow rate drops too low?

a. . Brain and heart

b. . Skin and muscles

c. . Bones and cartilage

d. . Lungs and Spinal cord

e. . Hair and nails

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4) Which of the following is not true about sound waves?

a. . They need a medium to travel

b. . They carry mass of particles

c. . They are longitudinal in air

d. . They can travel in a vacuum

e. . They are mechanical waves

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5) In which frequency range is the ear most sensitive, having the widest dynamic range?

a. . 5–8 kHz

b. . 100–500 Hz

c. . 1–2 kHz

d. . 20–50 Hz

e. . Above 10 kHz

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6) Which part of the ear sends sound information to the brain?

a. . Ossicles

b. . Ear Canal

c. . Pinna

d. . Cochlea

e. . Auditory Nerve

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7) Where in the ear does the amplification of sound primarily occur?

a. . Middle ear (ossicles)

b. . Inner ear (cochlea)

c. . Auditory nerve

d. . Pinna

e. . Outer ear (pinna)

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8) Where are sound vibrations converted into electrical signals?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Pinna

c. . Ear Canal

d. . Auditory Nerve

e. . Eardrum

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9) Why do hair cells fail to recover after damage?

a. . They regenerate slowly over time

b. . They are replaced by fluid

c. . They only respond to low frequencies

d. . They are protected by immune cells

e. . They are post-mitotic and do not regenerate

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10) In laminar flow, how does vessel radius affect flow rate?

a. . Flow rate is directly proportional to radius

b. . Flow rate is proportional to the fourth power of radius

c. . Flow rate decreases linearly with radius

d. . It has no effect

e. . Flow rate is proportional to the square of radius

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11) What is the approximate dynamic range of the human ear in the 1–2 kHz frequency range?

a. . 10–50 dB

b. . 0–120 to 130 dB

c. . 20–200 dB

d. . 0–100 dB

e. . 0–80 dB

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12) What type of wave is sound when traveling through air?

a. . Light wave

b. . Electromagnetic wave

c. . Sound wave

d. . Transverse wave

e. . Longitudinal wave

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13) Why is volume flow rate important in the respiratory system?

a. . It controls your breath

b. . It controls your heartbeat

c. . It determines how much oxygen enters the blood

d. . It produces energy directly

e. . It maintains body temperature

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14) What is the primary function of the cochlear hair cells?

a. . To move the ossicles

b. . To protect the eardrum

c. . To generate pressure waves

d. . To produce perilymph

e. . To convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals

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15) What is the term for the volume flow rate of blood pumped by the heart?

a. . Air Volume

b. . Tidal volume

c. . Stroke rate

d. . Cardiac output

e. . Blood pressure

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16) Which principle explains how different frequencies affect different parts of the cochlea?

a. . Laplace’s law

b. . Bernoulli principle

c. . Poiseuille's law

d. . Tonotopic organization

e. . Hooke’s law

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17) What is the main biophysical role of the ossicles in hearing?

a. . Transmit sound directly to the brain

b. . Convert sound waves into electrical signals

c. . Equalize air pressure

d. . Amplify mechanical vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear

e. . Detect high-frequency sound

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18) What does a sound intensity of 120-130 dB correspond to?

a. . Threshold of pain (very loud)

b. . Whisper

c. . Soft whisper

d. . Silence

e. . Normal conversation

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19) What can happen if the volume flow rate of blood or air is too low?

a. . Oxygen shortage in tissues

b. . Improved digestion

c. . Stronger muscles

d. . Higher blood sugar levels

e. . weaker muscles

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20) What does the volume flow rate (Q) measure?

a. . The speed of a moving object

b. . The weight of fluid per time

c. . The area of flow per unit time

d. . The volume of fluid passing through a point per unit time

e. . The area of flow per volume

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21) What happens to the dynamic range at very low or very high frequencies?

a. . It becomes infinite

b. . It narrows

c. . It remains unchanged

d. . It increases

e. . It becomes negative

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22) Why does ear pressure often occur during altitude changes?

a. . Unequal pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment

b. . Cold air entering the ear canal

c. . Blockage from earwax

d. . Inner ear swelling

e. . Fluid buildup behind the eardrum

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23) How do spiders primarily detect sounds?

a. . By hearing with their eyes

b. . Through eardrums like humans

c. . Through their webs acting like ears

d. . Using antennae

e. . Using specialized sensory hairs called trichobothria

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24) What is the role of the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)?

a. . They detect electrical signals.

b. . They convert sound into chemical energy.

c. . They amplify and transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

d. . They carry sound directly to the brain.

e. . They carry signal out from the brain

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25) Why does the flow rate increase more slowly in turbulent flow compared to laminar flow?

a. . Because blood viscosity is reduced in turbulence

b. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square root of pressure gradient

c. . Because turbulent flow eliminates resistance

d. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square of pressure gradient

e. . Because turbulent flow causes vessel dilation

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26) What is the correct order of how sound travels through the ear?

a. . Cochlea → Eardrum → Ossicles → Auditory Nerve

b. . Eardrum → Cochlea → Ossicles → Auditory Nerve

c. . Ear Canal → Cochlea → Ossicles → Eardrum → Auditory Nerve

d. . Ear Canal → Cochlea → Ossicles → Eardrum → Brain

e. . Ear Canal → Eardrum → Ossicles → Cochlea → Auditory Nerve

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27) What does “dynamic range” in human hearing refer to?

a. . Range of hair cell movement

b. . Frequency range of hearing

c. . Loudness range between threshold and pain

d. . Bone conduction capacity

e. . Auditory nerve firing rate

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28) What is the role of the basilar membrane in hearing?

a. . To protect the cochlea from excessive fluid pressure

b. . To amplify sound using ossicle action

c. . To vibrate in response to fluid movement and stimulate hair cells

d. . To convert sound waves directly into nerve impulses

e. . To equalize air pressure in the inner ear

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29) What happens when the pressure inside the middle ear is lower than the external air pressure?

a. . Eardrum is pulled inward

b. . Eardrum ruptures immediately

c. . Eardrum pushes outward

d. . No effect unless temperature changes

e. . Hearing improves

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30) The function of outer hair cells in the cochlea is to

a. . Convert electrical signals into mechanical motion

b. . Produce earwax

c. . Transmit signals to the auditory cortex

d. . Detect high-frequency tones only

e. . Amplify and fine-tune mechanical vibrations

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