Biophysique Test

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Biophysique Test

1 / 60

A 55-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with worsening lower back pain. The physician considers ordering an MRI to evaluate the cause of the pain.

4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using MRI in this clinical case?

a. MRI is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation

b. MRI is the most cost-effective imaging modality for all patients

c. MRI can be time-consuming and may require the patient to remain still for long periods

d. MRI is safe for patients with chronic kidney disease without any concerns

e. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast, which is useful for visualizing spinal structures

2 / 60

A 60-year-old female with a history of severe headaches and dizziness is referred for an MRI to rule out any intracranial pathology. During the pre-MRI screening, it is discovered that she has a pacemaker implanted.

2. Which of the following is a contraindication for performing an MRI in this clinical case?

a. The patient has a pacemaker implanted

b. The patient has a history of dizziness

c. The patient has a history of severe headaches

d. The patient is over 60 years old

e. The patient is claustrophobic

3 / 60

A 65-year-old female with a history of breast cancer presents with new onset of back pain. The physician considers ordering an MRI to evaluate for possible metastasis.

5. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using MRI in this clinical case, particularly related to cost?

a. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast, which is useful for detecting metastasis

b. MRI is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation

c. MRI can be performed quickly and is widely available

d. MRI is more expensive compared to other imaging modalities like CT scans

e. MRI is safe for patients with metal implants

4 / 60

A patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is referred for an ultrasound. Which echography mode is primarily used to assess blood flow in the veins?

a. B-Mode

b. M-Mode

c. 3D Ultrasound

d. Doppler Ultrasound

e. A-Mode

5 / 60

In fetal echocardiography, which mode is most commonly used to visualize the motion of the heart valves and walls?

a. 3D Ultrasound

b. B-Mode

c. A-Mode

d. M-Mode

e. Doppler Ultrasound

6 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of echography (ultrasound) in clinical diagnostics?

a. Non-invasiveness

b. Real-time imaging

c. Versatility in various medical specialties

d. Use of ionizing radiation

e. Cost-effectiveness

7 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration alpha qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .C

b. .D

c. .A

d. .E

e. .B

8 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur leptonique de particule β ?

a. . – 1

b. . 30

c. . + 1

d. . 0

e. . 13

9 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration par capture électronique qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se
transforme spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .B

b. .C

c. .E

d. .A

e. .D

10 / 60

D’après la désintégration α, par exemple, le radium 226 se transforme spontanément en l’élément Y en émettant d’un
noyau d’hélium. Donnez la valeur du nombre de masse (A) du noyau Y de la voie de sortie. 226Ra88 Y 4He2

a. . 4

b. . 226

c. . 222

d. . 88

e. . 2

11 / 60

Quel est l’énergie du photon incident pour que soit matérialisée une masse égale à celle de 2 électrons ?

a. . 1,022 keV

b. . 0,511 MeV

c. . 1,022 MeV

d. . 511 keV

e. . 0,511 keV

12 / 60

Quel est l’énergie cinétique d’électron Compton lors de l’interaction des photons X ou ઻ avec des matières ?

a. . Ec = Ey – Ek

b. . Ec = Ey – Ey’ – E1

c. . Ec = (Ei – Ef) – El

d. . Ec = 1/2mv2 – Ey’ – E1

e. . Ec = El – Ek

13 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur baryonique de particule β ?

a. . 15

b. . 13

c. . + 1

d. . – 1

e. . 0

14 / 60

On considère de la diffusion Compton d’un photon d’énergie h sur un électron au repos. Soit h’ l’énergie du photon
après qu’il soit diffusé d’un angle . Quelle est l’équation de conservation de l’énergie, si l’angle 0 ?

a. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (mec2/2hυ)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (2hυ/ mec2)]

c. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (2hυ/ mec2)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (mec2/2hυ)]

e. . hυ’ = hυ

15 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration par capture électronique qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se
transforme spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .C

b. .B

c. .D

d. .E

e. .A

16 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur leptonique de n ?

a. . 27

b. . 13

c. . 1

d. . 0

e. . 15

17 / 60

es transitions isomériques après désintégrations bêta moins de l’isotope 60 de Cobalt. Quelle est
l’énergie libérée est émise sou forme d’un photon ઻2 ?

a. . 2505,74 keV

b. . 1332,50 keV

c. . 99,90 keV

d. . 1173,24 keV

e. . 0 keV

18 / 60

Le schéma de décroissance de cet isotope est présenté ci-dessous. Identifiez la période radioactive.

a. . 120 min

b. . 30,15 ans

c. . 5,27 ans

d. . 6 h

e. . 8 j

19 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta plus qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .E

b. .B

c. .D

d. .A

e. .C

20 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur du nombre atomique (Z) de particule α.

a. . 30

b. . 27

c. . 2

d. . 13

e. . 15

21 / 60

Why does the flow rate increase more slowly in turbulent flow compared to laminar flow?

a. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square of pressure gradient

b. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square root of pressure gradient

c. . Because turbulent flow causes vessel dilation

d. . Because turbulent flow eliminates resistance

e. . Because blood viscosity is reduced in turbulence

22 / 60

Where in the ear does the amplification of sound primarily occur?

a. . Inner ear (cochlea)

b. . Outer ear (pinna)

c. . Auditory nerve

d. . Pinna

e. . Middle ear (ossicles)

23 / 60

Why does ear pressure often occur during altitude changes?

a. . Blockage from earwax

b. . Inner ear swelling

c. . Fluid buildup behind the eardrum

d. . Unequal pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment

e. . Cold air entering the ear canal

24 / 60

Which part of the ear sends sound information to the brain?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Pinna

c. . Ossicles

d. . Auditory Nerve

e. . Ear Canal

25 / 60

Why do hair cells fail to recover after damage?

a. . They only respond to low frequencies

b. . They regenerate slowly over time

c. . They are replaced by fluid

d. . They are post-mitotic and do not regenerate

e. . They are protected by immune cells

26 / 60

What does “dynamic range” in human hearing refer to?

a. . Bone conduction capacity

b. . Loudness range between threshold and pain

c. . Range of hair cell movement

d. . Frequency range of hearing

e. . Auditory nerve firing rate

27 / 60

How do hair cells convert mechanical vibrations into neural signals?

a. . By moving ossicles

b. . By creating turbulence in the fluid

c. . Through hormone secretion

d. . By reflecting sound

e. . By opening ion channels on stereocilia

28 / 60

What does the volume flow rate (Q) measure?

a. . The weight of fluid per time

b. . The speed of a moving object

c. . The area of flow per unit time

d. . The volume of fluid passing through a point per unit time

e. . The area of flow per volume

29 / 60

Which principle explains how different frequencies affect different parts of the cochlea?

a. . Bernoulli principle

b. . Laplace’s law

c. . Poiseuille's law

d. . Hooke’s law

e. . Tonotopic organization

30 / 60

In laminar flow, how does vessel radius affect flow rate?

a. . Flow rate is proportional to the square of radius

b. . Flow rate decreases linearly with radius

c. . It has no effect

d. . Flow rate is proportional to the fourth power of radius

e. . Flow rate is directly proportional to radius

31 / 60

What is the main biophysical role of the ossicles in hearing?

a. . Equalize air pressure

b. . Convert sound waves into electrical signals

c. . Amplify mechanical vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear

d. . Transmit sound directly to the brain

e. . Detect high-frequency sound

32 / 60

What does a sound intensity of 120-130 dB correspond to?

a. . Whisper

b. . Normal conversation

c. . Threshold of pain (very loud)

d. . Soft whisper

e. . Silence

33 / 60

Why is volume flow rate important in the respiratory system?

a. . It produces energy directly

b. . It maintains body temperature

c. . It controls your heartbeat

d. . It determines how much oxygen enters the blood

e. . It controls your breath

34 / 60

What is the term for the volume flow rate of blood pumped by the heart?

a. . Stroke rate

b. . Air Volume

c. . Cardiac output

d. . Tidal volume

e. . Blood pressure

35 / 60

The ability to resolve objects that lie one above the other is called…………….?

a. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

b. . Axial Resolutions

c. . Lateral resolution

d. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

e. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

36 / 60

What is the speed at which sound waves travel through a particular medium?

a. . Speed of frequency

b. . Wavelength

c. . Echo speed

d. . Reflection speed

e. . Velocity

37 / 60

What is the speed of ultrasound travel through human soft tissue?

a. . 1538m/s

b. . 1540m/s

c. . 1541m/s

d. . 1537m/s

e. . 1539m/s

38 / 60

The reflection at the rough surface is…………………?

a. . Specular Reflection

b. . Medium Reflection

c. . Specular Refraction

d. . Diffuse Refraction

e. . Diffuse Reflection

39 / 60

What is the boundary between two different media where reflection and refraction occur?

a. . Cycle Point

b. . Return sound Boundary

c. . Reflection Boundary

d. . Redirected sound Point

e. . Acoustic Mismatch

40 / 60

The reflection at the smooth surface is…………………?

a. . Specular Reflection

b. . Specular Refraction

c. . Diffuse Reflection

d. . Medium Reflection

e. . Diffuse Refraction

41 / 60

The lateral resolution is proportionally affected by………………?

a. . Frequency

b. . Velocity

c. . Cycle

d. . Speed of sound

e. . Wavelength

42 / 60

Brightness mode. Where the signals are displayed as various points whose brightness depends on the amplitude of the returning sound energy. It is called……………?

a. . Reflection mode

b. . B mode.

c. . M mode

d. . Transmitted mode

e. . A mode.

43 / 60

A method to image moving blood and estimate blood velocity by exploiting the Doppler effect is called……?

a. . Doppler effect

b. . Sound effect

c. . Doppler ultrasound

d. . Doppler sound

e. . Heart doppler ultrasound

44 / 60

The region where the beam diameter is most concentrated giving the greatest degree of focus. What is it ?

a. . Focal Zone

b. . Near Zone

c. . Near Field

d. . Fresnel Zone

e. . Fraunhoffer zone

45 / 60

What is the decrease in amplitude and intensity as a sound wave travels through a medium?

a. . Attenuation.

b. . Reflection Attenuation.

c. . Intensity Reduce.

d. . Attenuation matching.

e. . Amplitude Decrease.

46 / 60

Amplitude mode. Where the signals are displayed as spikes that are dependent on the amplitude of the returning sound energy. It is called………………?

a. . A mode

b. . Transmitted mode

c. . M mode

d. . B mode.

e. . Reflection mode

47 / 60

The ability to resolve objects side by side is called………………?

a. . Axial Resolutions

b. . Lateral resolution

c. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

d. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

e. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

48 / 60

What is the number of cycles per unit of time?

a. . Reflection

b. . Refraction

c. . Frequency

d. . Cycle

e. . Echo

49 / 60

What is Ultrasonography?

a. . is a medical imaging technique that uses medium frequency sound waves and their echoes?

b. . is a medical imaging technique that uses normal frequency sound waves and their echoes?

c. . is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes?

d. . is a medical imaging technique that uses low frequency sound waves and their echoes?

e. . is a medical imaging technique that uses ear frequency sound waves and their echoes?

50 / 60

The Specular medium reflections, diffuse reflections are three types of…………….…?

a. . Frequency

b. . Return sound

c. . Reflection

d. . Cycle

e. . Refraction

51 / 60

Select a material which has the lowest speed of sound?

a. . Water

b. . Gases

c. . Fat

d. . Solids

e. . Blood

52 / 60

Un physicien médical mesure une activité de 3,7 × 10⁹ Bq autour d’une source de Cobalt-60. Quel type de rayonnement nécessite la plus grande épaisseur de protection ?

a. Rayonnement visible

b. Rayonnement infrarouge

c. Rayonnement α

d. Rayonnement γ

e. Rayonnement β

53 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Pourquoi ne peut-on pas observer l’interaction par création de paire dans ce cas ?

a. Les photons sont trop lourds pour créer une paire

b. L’énergie des photons est trop faible ( < 1,022 MeV )

c. Les électrons ne peuvent pas être ionisés dans un métal

d. La diffusion Compton annule cet effet

e. L’aluminium bloque systématiquement tous les photons

54 / 60

Lors d’une curiethérapie au césium-137, le personnel doit se protéger contre les radiations émanant des sources scellées. Quelle mesure de radioprotection est la plus importante dans ce contexte ?

a. Se tenir à proximité immédiate

b. Utiliser des écrans de plomb

c. Augmenter le temps d’exposition

d. Boire beaucoup d’eau avant l’intervention

e. Porter un masque chirurgical

55 / 60

Lors d’une curiethérapie au césium-137, le personnel doit se protéger contre les radiations émanant des sources scellées. Le type de rayonnement majoritaire émis par le Cs-137 est :

a. β⁻ uniquement

b. α

c. Neutron

d. γ de 662 keV

e. Rayonnement infrarouge

56 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Quel paramètre influence principalement la probabilité d’un effet photoélectrique ?

a. Le champ magnétique appliqué

b. L’énergie du photon (E) et le numéro atomique (Z) de la matière

c. La température de l’absorbeur

d. La densité électronique

e. La pression atmosphérique

57 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV. Quelle précaution principale doit prendre le manipulateur lors de la préparation du 99mTc ?

a. Porter un masque FFP2 pour bloquer les rayons γ

b. Travailler à mains nues pour mieux contrôler la dose

c. Porter un tablier en aluminium

d. Préparer la dose dans une pièce sans ventilation

e. Utiliser un blindage adapté pour le rayonnement γ

58 / 60

Un physicien médical mesure une activité de 3,7 × 10⁹ Bq autour d’une source de Cobalt-60. À combien de Curie (Ci) cela correspond-il ?

a. 1 Ci

b. 10 Ci

c. 0,001 Ci

d. 0,1 Ci

e. 37 Ci

59 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV. Pourquoi le technétium-99m est-il bien adapté à l’imagerie ?

a. Il se fixe préférentiellement sur les globules rouges

b. Il émet du rayonnement β⁻

c. Il est un isotope stable

d. Il a une longue demi-vie

e. Il émet un γ détectable sans irradier trop

60 / 60

En radiothérapie, un plan de traitement est établi à l’aide d’un scanner dosimétrique. Le faisceau de traitement est ensuite défini par un collimateur multilames. Quel est le rôle du collimateur multilames ?

a. Accélérer les électrons

b. Ajuster l’intensité de dose

c. Conformer le faisceau à la forme de la tumeur

d. Refroidir le faisceau

e. Mesurer la radioactivité résiduelle du patient

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