Biophysique Test

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Biophysique Test

1 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Écrivez la conservation de charge lors de la réaction.

a. . 27 + 4 = 30 + 1, 13 + 2 = 15 + 0 ou 30 = 30 + 0 + 0

b. . 13 + 2 = 15 + 0, 15 = 14 + 1 + 0 ou 15 – 1 = 14 + 0

c. . 13 + 2 = 15 + 0, 27 + 4 = 30 + 1 ou 30 = 30 + 0 + 0

d. . 30 = 30 + 0 + 0, 27 + 4 = 30 + 1 ou 13 + 2 = 15 + 0

e. . 27 + 4 = 30 + 1, 30 = 30 + 0 + 0 ou 30 + 0 = 30 = 0

2 / 60

Le schéma de décroissance de cet isotope est présenté ci-dessous. Identifiez le type de décroissance.

a. . α

b. . β- 89,9%

c. . CE

d. . β+

e. . CI

3 / 60

On considère de la diffusion Compton d’un photon d’énergie h sur un électron au repos. Soit h’ l’énergie du photon
après qu’il soit diffusé d’un angle . Quelle est l’équation de conservation de l’énergie ?

a. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 + (hυ /mec2)(1 – cosϴ)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 (hυ /mec2) (1 – cosϴ)]

c. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 – (hυ /mec2) (1 + cosϴ)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 (hυ /mec2)

e. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 + (hυ /mec2) (1 + cosϴ)]

4 / 60

a. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (2hυ/ mec2)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ

c. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (mec2/2hυ)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (2hυ/ mec2)]

e. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (mec2/2hυ)]

5 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un neutron se transforme en proton dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation de la charge.

a. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

b. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

c. . 0 →0 + 1- 1

d. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

e. . 0 → 1 – 1 + 0

6 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur de la charge (Z) de particule β ?

a. . 27

b. . + 1

c. . 0

d. . 13

e. . – 1

7 / 60

On considère de la diffusion Compton d’un photon d’énergie h sur un électron au repos. Soit h’ l’énergie du photon
après qu’il soit diffusé d’un angle . Quelles est l’équation de conservation de l’énergie, si l’angle ?

a. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (2hυ/ mec2)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ

c. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (2hυ/ mec2)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (2hυ’/ mec2)]

8 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur baryonique de n ?

a. . 0

b. . 13

c. . 27

d. . 1

e. . 15

9 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un proton se transforme en neutron dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation de la charge.

a. . 1 → 0 + 1 + 0

b. . 0 → 0 – 1 + 1

c. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

d. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

e. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

10 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur leptonique de particule β ?

a. . 30

b. . 13

c. . + 1

d. . 0

e. . – 1

11 / 60

D’après la désintégration α, par exemple, le radium 226 se transforme spontanément en l’élément Y en émettant d’un
noyau d’hélium. De quel élément s’agit-il ?

a. . Radon 219

b. . Radon 218

c. . Radon 220

d. . Radon 222

e. . Radon 217

12 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, par example, la transformation du 32P en 32S par émission β-.
Déterminez l’énergie libérée exprimées en MeV au cours de la transformation. Où M32P 31,98403 uma, M 32S =
31,98220 uma et 1 uma 931,5 MeV

a. . 1,705 MeV

b. . 931,5 MeV

c. . 31,984 MeV

d. . 31,982 MeV

e. . 1,805 MeV

13 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta plus qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .A

b. .D

c. .C

d. .E

e. .B

14 / 60

Le schéma de décroissance de cet isotope est présenté ci-dessous. Identifiez l’énergie maximale de différents
rayonnements émis.

a. . 30,15 keV

b. . 661,65 keV

c. . 89,9 keV

d. . 661,65 keV suivi par l'émission d'un rayonnement ( de 661,65 keV

e. . 0 keV

15 / 60

A 40-year-old male presents with persistent knee pain following a sports injury. The physician orders an MRI to assess the extent of the damage to the soft tissues and cartilage.

6. Which of the following components of the MRI machine is primarily responsible for generating the magnetic field used in this clinical case?

a. Computer system

b. Main magnet

c. Gradient coils

d. Radiofrequency coils B. Gradient coils

e. Patient table

16 / 60

A 60-year-old female with a history of severe headaches and dizziness is referred for an MRI to rule out any intracranial pathology. During the pre-MRI screening, it is discovered that she has a pacemaker implanted.

2. Which of the following is a contraindication for performing an MRI in this clinical case?

a. The patient has a history of severe headaches

b. The patient has a pacemaker implanted

c. The patient has a history of dizziness

d. The patient is over 60 years old

e. The patient is claustrophobic

17 / 60

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent lower back pain radiating to his left leg. The pain has not improved with conservative treatments such as physical therapy and medication. The physician suspects a herniated disc and orders an MRI to confirm the diagnosis.

1. Which of the following is an advantage of using MRI in this clinical case?

a. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast, which is useful for visualizing herniated discs.

b. MRI scans are quick and do not require the patient to remain still for long periods.

c. MRI uses ionizing radiation, which provides better imaging of bone structures.

d. MRI is the first-line imaging modality for all types of back pain

e. MRI is less expensive and more widely available than other imaging modalities.

18 / 60

A 55-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with worsening lower back pain. The physician considers ordering an MRI to evaluate the cause of the pain.

4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using MRI in this clinical case?

a. MRI is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation

b. MRI is safe for patients with chronic kidney disease without any concerns

c. MRI can be time-consuming and may require the patient to remain still for long periods

d. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast, which is useful for visualizing spinal structures

e. MRI is the most cost-effective imaging modality for all patients

19 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV. Quelle est la demi-vie du 99mTc ?

a. 24 heures

b. 1 semaine

c. 6 heures

d. 12 heures

e. 2 jours

20 / 60

Un physicien médical mesure une activité de 3,7 × 10⁹ Bq autour d’une source de Cobalt-60. Quel type de rayonnement nécessite la plus grande épaisseur de protection ?

a. Rayonnement α

b. Rayonnement infrarouge

c. Rayonnement γ

d. Rayonnement β

e. Rayonnement visible

21 / 60

Un technicien allume un générateur à rayons X à 100 kV pour une radiographie thoracique. Quelle précaution est essentielle dans la salle de radiologie ?

a. Purification de l’air par ozone

b. Refroidissement à l’azote

c. Mesure de la pression

d. Filtrage des électrons

e. Blindage de la pièce contre les rayons X

22 / 60

Lors d’une curiethérapie au césium-137, le personnel doit se protéger contre les radiations émanant des sources scellées. Le type de rayonnement majoritaire émis par le Cs-137 est :

a. γ de 662 keV

b. α

c. Rayonnement infrarouge

d. β⁻ uniquement

e. Neutron

23 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV Pourquoi utilise-t-on un générateur de molybdène-99/technétium-99m à l’hôpital ?

a. Pour mesurer la radioactivité ambiante

b. Pour produire le technétium-99m sur place, à partir du molybdène-99

c. Pour améliorer la résolution des images scintigraphiques

d. Pour recycler le technétium usagé

e. Pour stabiliser la température du produit injectable

24 / 60

Lors d’une curiethérapie au césium-137, le personnel doit se protéger contre les radiations émanant des sources scellées. Quelle mesure de radioprotection est la plus importante dans ce contexte ?

a. Se tenir à proximité immédiate

b. Augmenter le temps d’exposition

c. Boire beaucoup d’eau avant l’intervention

d. Porter un masque chirurgical

e. Utiliser des écrans de plomb

25 / 60

En radiothérapie, un plan de traitement est établi à l’aide d’un scanner dosimétrique. Le faisceau de traitement est ensuite défini par un collimateur multilames. Quel est le rôle du collimateur multilames ?

a. Accélérer les électrons

b. Conformer le faisceau à la forme de la tumeur

c. Refroidir le faisceau

d. Mesurer la radioactivité résiduelle du patient

e. Ajuster l’intensité de dose

26 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV. Quelle précaution principale doit prendre le manipulateur lors de la préparation du 99mTc ?

a. Porter un tablier en aluminium

b. Porter un masque FFP2 pour bloquer les rayons γ

c. Préparer la dose dans une pièce sans ventilation

d. Travailler à mains nues pour mieux contrôler la dose

e. Utiliser un blindage adapté pour le rayonnement γ

27 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Quelle conséquence observe-t-on après l’effet photoélectrique ?

a. Un photon est diffusé

b. Un positon est produit

c. Un neutron est libéré

d. Un électron est éjecté de la couche K

e. Un électron est absorbé

28 / 60

What is unit of sound beam attenuation?

a. . dB(decibel).

b. . m/s (meter per second).

c. . Hz (Hertz).

d. . mm/s (millimeter per second).

e. . km/s (kilometer per second).

29 / 60

What is the speed of ultrasound travel through human soft tissue?

a. . 1538m/s

b. . 1537m/s

c. . 1539m/s

d. . 1541m/s

e. . 1540m/s

30 / 60

The axial resolution is inversely proportional affected by………………?

a. . Frequency

b. . Cycle

c. . Speed of sound

d. . Velocity

e. . Wavelength

31 / 60

The reflection at the rough surface is…………………?

a. . Specular Reflection

b. . Diffuse Refraction

c. . Specular Refraction

d. . Medium Reflection

e. . Diffuse Reflection

32 / 60

What is the boundary between two different media where reflection and refraction occur?

a. . Acoustic Mismatch

b. . Reflection Boundary

c. . Cycle Point

d. . Redirected sound Point

e. . Return sound Boundary

33 / 60

What is the application of doppler ultrasound?

a. . Blood flow imaging

b. . Heart imaging

c. . Muscle imaging

d. . Braining imaging

e. . Cervical imaging

34 / 60

Select a material which has the highest speed of sound?

a. Water

b. Gases

c. Blood

d. Fat

e. Solids

35 / 60

What is the maximum frequency audible to human ear?

a. . 18kHz

b. . 22kHz

c. . 21kHz

d. . 20kHz

e. . 19kHz

36 / 60

What is the number of cycles per unit of time?

a. . Frequency

b. . Cycle

c. . Echo

d. . Refraction

e. . Reflection

37 / 60

What is an application of ultrasound which is currently using in medical imaging?

a. . Musculoskeletal imaging

b. . Blood echography

c. . Ophthalmology

d. . In utero imaging of the developing foetus

e. . Cancer imaging

38 / 60

The ratio of the pressure to the particle velocity is called…………………?

a. . Reflection

b. . Frequency

c. . Refraction

d. . Echo

e. . Acoustic Impedance

39 / 60

Select a material which has the lowest speed of sound?

a. . Water

b. . Fat

c. . Blood

d. . Solids

e. . Gases

40 / 60

A method to image moving blood and estimate blood velocity by exploiting the Doppler effect is called……?

a. . Doppler ultrasound

b. . Sound effect

c. . Doppler effect

d. . Doppler sound

e. . Heart doppler ultrasound

41 / 60

An image of ultrasound has higher spatial resolution but less depth of penetration is given by …?

a. . Lower Frequency

b. . Adult frequency

c. . Ear frequency

d. . Normal Frequency

e. . Higher frequency

42 / 60

The lateral resolution is proportionally affected by………………?

a. . Frequency

b. . Cycle

c. . Wavelength

d. . Velocity

e. . Speed of sound

43 / 60

What is Ultrasonography?

a. . is a medical imaging technique that uses low frequency sound waves and their echoes?

b. . is a medical imaging technique that uses ear frequency sound waves and their echoes?

c. . is a medical imaging technique that uses medium frequency sound waves and their echoes?

d. . is a medical imaging technique that uses normal frequency sound waves and their echoes?

e. . is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes?

44 / 60

What is the frequency range of diagnostic imaging using ultrasound?

a. . 2MHz to 16MHz

b. . 1MHz to 15MHz

c. . 2MHz to 15MHz

d. . 1MHz to 16MHz

e. . 1MHz to 14MHz

45 / 60

The region where the beam diameter increases as the distance from the transducer increases. What is it?

a. . Near Field

b. . Fresnel Zone

c. . Focal Zone

d. . Near Zone

e. . Fraunhoffer zone

46 / 60

Linear Array probe, Curved probe, Phrased array probe are three types of ……………?

a. . Beam

b. . Echo Pulse

c. . Scan Converter

d. . Transducer

e. . Pulse generator

47 / 60

In fetal echocardiography, which mode is most commonly used to visualize the motion of the heart valves and walls?

a. A-Mode

b. 3D Ultrasound

c. B-Mode

d. Doppler Ultrasound

e. M-Mode

48 / 60

A 70-year-old male patient with a history of obesity is referred for an echocardiogram. Which of the following is a limitation of echography in this patient?

a. Risk of ionizing radiation

b. High cost of the procedure

c. Limited penetration through air-filled structures

d. Difficulty in imaging deep-seated structures

e. Limited penetration through bone

49 / 60

A patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is referred for an ultrasound. Which echography mode is primarily used to assess blood flow in the veins?

a. Doppler Ultrasound

b. 3D Ultrasound

c. B-Mode

d. M-Mode

e. A-Mode

50 / 60

What does “dynamic range” in human hearing refer to?

a. . Bone conduction capacity

b. . Range of hair cell movement

c. . Loudness range between threshold and pain

d. . Auditory nerve firing rate

e. . Frequency range of hearing

51 / 60

What can happen if the volume flow rate of blood or air is too low?

a. . Higher blood sugar levels

b. . weaker muscles

c. . Oxygen shortage in tissues

d. . Stronger muscles

e. . Improved digestion

52 / 60

Which of the following is not true about sound waves?

a. . They are longitudinal in air

b. . They carry mass of particles

c. . They need a medium to travel

d. . They can travel in a vacuum

e. . They are mechanical waves

53 / 60

Why does the flow rate increase more slowly in turbulent flow compared to laminar flow?

a. . Because turbulent flow causes vessel dilation

b. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square root of pressure gradient

c. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square of pressure gradient

d. . Because blood viscosity is reduced in turbulence

e. . Because turbulent flow eliminates resistance

54 / 60

What is the term for the volume flow rate of blood pumped by the heart?

a. . Tidal volume

b. . Blood pressure

c. . Stroke rate

d. . Cardiac output

e. . Air Volume

55 / 60

What is the main biophysical role of the ossicles in hearing?

a. . Equalize air pressure

b. . Transmit sound directly to the brain

c. . Convert sound waves into electrical signals

d. . Detect high-frequency sound

e. . Amplify mechanical vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear

56 / 60

What type of wave is sound when traveling through air?

a. . Sound wave

b. . Electromagnetic wave

c. . Transverse wave

d. . Longitudinal wave

e. . Light wave

57 / 60

Where are sound vibrations converted into electrical signals?

a. . Ear Canal

b. . Pinna

c. . Auditory Nerve

d. . Cochlea

e. . Eardrum

58 / 60

In laminar flow, how does vessel radius affect flow rate?

a. . Flow rate is directly proportional to radius

b. . Flow rate is proportional to the square of radius

c. . Flow rate is proportional to the fourth power of radius

d. . It has no effect

e. . Flow rate decreases linearly with radius

59 / 60

Why is volume flow rate important in the respiratory system?

a. . It controls your heartbeat

b. . It determines how much oxygen enters the blood

c. . It produces energy directly

d. . It controls your breath

e. . It maintains body temperature

60 / 60

Which part of the ear sends sound information to the brain?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Ear Canal

c. . Ossicles

d. . Auditory Nerve

e. . Pinna

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