Biophysique Test

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Biophysique Test

1 / 60

What is the application of doppler ultrasound?

a. . Blood flow imaging

b. . Cervical imaging

c. . Braining imaging

d. . Heart imaging

e. . Muscle imaging

2 / 60

What is the speed of ultrasound travel through human soft tissue?

a. . 1539m/s

b. . 1537m/s

c. . 1538m/s

d. . 1541m/s

e. . 1540m/s

3 / 60

What is the change of sound direction on passing from one medium to another?

a. . Reflection sound

b. . Cycle

c. . Redirected sound

d. . Refraction

e. . Return sound

4 / 60

What is Ultrasonography?

a. . is a medical imaging technique that uses low frequency sound waves and their echoes?

b. . is a medical imaging technique that uses normal frequency sound waves and their echoes?

c. . is a medical imaging technique that uses ear frequency sound waves and their echoes?

d. . is a medical imaging technique that uses medium frequency sound waves and their echoes?

e. . is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes?

5 / 60

The region where the beam diameter is most concentrated giving the greatest degree of focus. What is it ?

a. . Fraunhoffer zone

b. . Focal Zone

c. . Near Field

d. . Fresnel Zone

e. . Near Zone

6 / 60

What is unit of sound beam attenuation?

a. . km/s (kilometer per second).

b. . Hz (Hertz).

c. . mm/s (millimeter per second).

d. . dB(decibel).

e. . m/s (meter per second).

7 / 60

What is the decrease in amplitude and intensity as a sound wave travels through a medium?

a. . Intensity Reduce.

b. . Attenuation matching.

c. . Amplitude Decrease.

d. . Attenuation.

e. . Reflection Attenuation.

8 / 60

An ultrasound image has lower spatial resolution but greater depth of penetration is given by…?

a. . Lower Frequency

b. . Adult frequency

c. . Higher frequency

d. . Normal Frequency

e. . Ear frequency

9 / 60

Select a material which has the lowest attenuation coefficient(dB/cm)?

a. . Air

b. . Water

c. . Fat

d. . Liver

e. . Muscle and bone

10 / 60

What is the frequency range of diagnostic imaging using ultrasound?

a. . 2MHz to 15MHz

b. . 1MHz to 15MHz

c. . 2MHz to 16MHz

d. . 1MHz to 16MHz

e. . 1MHz to 14MHz

11 / 60

Linear Array probe, Curved probe, Phrased array probe are three types of ……………?

a. . Scan Converter

b. . Transducer

c. . Echo Pulse

d. . Beam

e. . Pulse generator

12 / 60

The reflection at the smooth surface is…………………?

a. . Specular Reflection

b. . Specular Refraction

c. . Diffuse Refraction

d. . Medium Reflection

e. . Diffuse Reflection

13 / 60

What is the portion of a sound that is returned from the boundary of a medium?

a. . Reflection

b. . Refraction

c. . Frequency

d. . Return sound

e. . Cycle

14 / 60

Select a material which has the lowest speed of sound?

a. . Fat

b. . Gases

c. . Blood

d. . Water

e. . Solids

15 / 60

What is an application of ultrasound which is currently using in medical imaging?

a. . Cancer imaging

b. . Musculoskeletal imaging

c. . Ophthalmology

d. . Blood echography

e. . In utero imaging of the developing foetus

16 / 60

What is the main component of transducer?

a. . Quartz phone

b. . Piezoelectric

c. . Acoustic Lens

d. . Gramophone

e. . Acoustic matching layer

17 / 60

The lateral resolution is proportionally affected by………………?

a. . Cycle

b. . Frequency

c. . Velocity

d. . Wavelength

e. . Speed of sound

18 / 60

The ability to resolve objects side by side is called………………?

a. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

b. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

c. . Axial Resolutions

d. . Lateral resolution

e. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

19 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV. Quelle précaution principale doit prendre le manipulateur lors de la préparation du 99mTc ?

a. Utiliser un blindage adapté pour le rayonnement γ

b. Porter un tablier en aluminium

c. Travailler à mains nues pour mieux contrôler la dose

d. Préparer la dose dans une pièce sans ventilation

e. Porter un masque FFP2 pour bloquer les rayons γ

20 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Quel paramètre influence principalement la probabilité d’un effet photoélectrique ?

a. La température de l’absorbeur

b. L’énergie du photon (E) et le numéro atomique (Z) de la matière

c. La pression atmosphérique

d. Le champ magnétique appliqué

e. La densité électronique

21 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Pourquoi ne peut-on pas observer l’interaction par création de paire dans ce cas ?

a. Les photons sont trop lourds pour créer une paire

b. La diffusion Compton annule cet effet

c. L’énergie des photons est trop faible ( < 1,022 MeV )

d. Les électrons ne peuvent pas être ionisés dans un métal

e. L’aluminium bloque systématiquement tous les photons

22 / 60

En radiothérapie, un plan de traitement est établi à l’aide d’un scanner dosimétrique. Le faisceau de traitement est ensuite défini par un collimateur multilames. Quel appareil produit un faisceau de rayons X de haute énergie (> 6 MeV) en radiothérapie moderne ?

a. Le PET scan

b. La gamma-caméra

c. Le scanner dentaire

d. L’accélérateur linéaire (LINAC)

e. Le tube à rayons X

23 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Quelle conséquence observe-t-on après l’effet photoélectrique ?

a. Un électron est absorbé

b. Un photon est diffusé

c. Un positon est produit

d. Un électron est éjecté de la couche K

e. Un neutron est libéré

24 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Quelle conséquence observable indique la survenue d’un diffusion Compton dans l’expérience ?

a. Changement d’angle et perte d’énergie des photons détectés

b. Apparition de positons dans le détecteur

c. Photons X absorbés totalement sans réémission

d. Ionisation de noyaux atomiques

e. Création d’un neutron secondaire

25 / 60

A 40-year-old male presents with persistent knee pain following a sports injury. The physician orders an MRI to assess the extent of the damage to the soft tissues and cartilage.

6. Which of the following components of the MRI machine is primarily responsible for generating the magnetic field used in this clinical case?

a. Computer system

b. Radiofrequency coils B. Gradient coils

c. Main magnet

d. Patient table

e. Gradient coils

26 / 60

A 55-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with worsening lower back pain. The physician considers ordering an MRI to evaluate the cause of the pain.

4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using MRI in this clinical case?

a. MRI is the most cost-effective imaging modality for all patients

b. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast, which is useful for visualizing spinal structures

c. MRI is safe for patients with chronic kidney disease without any concerns

d. MRI can be time-consuming and may require the patient to remain still for long periods

e. MRI is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation

27 / 60

A patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is referred for an ultrasound. Which echography mode is primarily used to assess blood flow in the veins?

a. B-Mode

b. Doppler Ultrasound

c. A-Mode

d. M-Mode

e. 3D Ultrasound

28 / 60

Which mode of echography provides a real-time, two-dimensional image of the internal structures of the body?

a. 3D Ultrasound

b. Doppler Ultrasound

c. M-Mode

d. B-Mode

e. A-Mode

29 / 60

A 60-year-old male patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is referred for an ultrasound. Which type of probe is most suitable for imaging superficial structures and vessels?

a. Curvilinear Probe

b. Convex Probe

c. Endocavitary Probe

d. Linear Probe

e. Phased Array Probe

30 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of echography (ultrasound) in clinical diagnostics?

a. Real-time imaging

b. Versatility in various medical specialties

c. Non-invasiveness

d. Cost-effectiveness

e. Use of ionizing radiation

31 / 60

In fetal echocardiography, which mode is most commonly used to visualize the motion of the heart valves and walls?

a. B-Mode

b. 3D Ultrasound

c. A-Mode

d. Doppler Ultrasound

e. M-Mode

32 / 60

Where are sound vibrations converted into electrical signals?

a. . Pinna

b. . Cochlea

c. . Eardrum

d. . Ear Canal

e. . Auditory Nerve

33 / 60

What can happen if the volume flow rate of blood or air is too low?

a. . weaker muscles

b. . Higher blood sugar levels

c. . Stronger muscles

d. . Improved digestion

e. . Oxygen shortage in tissues

34 / 60

Why does ear pressure often occur during altitude changes?

a. . Cold air entering the ear canal

b. . Inner ear swelling

c. . Unequal pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment

d. . Blockage from earwax

e. . Fluid buildup behind the eardrum

35 / 60

Why do hair cells fail to recover after damage?

a. . They are replaced by fluid

b. . They are post-mitotic and do not regenerate

c. . They only respond to low frequencies

d. . They are protected by immune cells

e. . They regenerate slowly over time

36 / 60

Which organs are most affected if blood flow rate drops too low?

a. . Bones and cartilage

b. . Lungs and Spinal cord

c. . Brain and heart

d. . Skin and muscles

e. . Hair and nails

37 / 60

What is the role of the basilar membrane in hearing?

a. . To equalize air pressure in the inner ear

b. . To convert sound waves directly into nerve impulses

c. . To amplify sound using ossicle action

d. . To protect the cochlea from excessive fluid pressure

e. . To vibrate in response to fluid movement and stimulate hair cells

38 / 60

What happens to the dynamic range at very low or very high frequencies?

a. . It narrows

b. . It increases

c. . It becomes negative

d. . It remains unchanged

e. . It becomes infinite

39 / 60

In laminar flow, how does vessel radius affect flow rate?

a. . Flow rate is directly proportional to radius

b. . Flow rate is proportional to the fourth power of radius

c. . Flow rate decreases linearly with radius

d. . It has no effect

e. . Flow rate is proportional to the square of radius

40 / 60

Which part of the ear sends sound information to the brain?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Ear Canal

c. . Ossicles

d. . Auditory Nerve

e. . Pinna

41 / 60

What type of wave is sound when traveling through air?

a. . Transverse wave

b. . Sound wave

c. . Electromagnetic wave

d. . Light wave

e. . Longitudinal wave

42 / 60

What is the role of the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)?

a. . They amplify and transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

b. . They carry sound directly to the brain.

c. . They carry signal out from the brain

d. . They detect electrical signals.

e. . They convert sound into chemical energy.

43 / 60

What happens when the pressure inside the middle ear is lower than the external air pressure?

a. . Hearing improves

b. . Eardrum is pulled inward

c. . Eardrum pushes outward

d. . Eardrum ruptures immediately

e. . No effect unless temperature changes

44 / 60

What is the approximate dynamic range of the human ear in the 1–2 kHz frequency range?

a. . 10–50 dB

b. . 0–100 dB

c. . 20–200 dB

d. . 0–120 to 130 dB

e. . 0–80 dB

45 / 60

How do hair cells convert mechanical vibrations into neural signals?

a. . Through hormone secretion

b. . By reflecting sound

c. . By creating turbulence in the fluid

d. . By opening ion channels on stereocilia

e. . By moving ossicles

46 / 60

What does “dynamic range” in human hearing refer to?

a. . Loudness range between threshold and pain

b. . Auditory nerve firing rate

c. . Frequency range of hearing

d. . Bone conduction capacity

e. . Range of hair cell movement

47 / 60

Where in the ear does the amplification of sound primarily occur?

a. . Auditory nerve

b. . Inner ear (cochlea)

c. . Outer ear (pinna)

d. . Middle ear (ossicles)

e. . Pinna

48 / 60

What is the primary function of the cochlear hair cells?

a. . To generate pressure waves

b. . To move the ossicles

c. . To convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals

d. . To protect the eardrum

e. . To produce perilymph

49 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un proton se transforme en neutron dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation du nombre leptonique.

a. . 1 → 0 + 1 + 0

b. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

c. . 0 → 0 – 1 + 1

d. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

e. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

50 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur du nombre atomique (Z) de particule α.

a. . 2

b. . 13

c. . 27

d. . 30

e. . 15

51 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un proton se transforme en neutron dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation du nombre baryonique.

a. . 0 → 0 – 1 + 1

b. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

c. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

d. . 1 → 0 + 1 + 0

e. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

52 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un neutron se transforme en proton dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation du nombre leptonique.

a. . 0 → 1 – 1 + 0

b. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

c. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

d. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

e. . 0 → 0 + 1 – 1

53 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta moins qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .A

b. .B

c. .D

d. .C

e. .E

54 / 60

Quel est la dominante à basse énergie correspond aux trois processus principaux qui a lieu lors de l’interaction des
rayons X et ઻ avec la matière?

a. . Effet biologique

b. . Effet Compton sur un électron de l’atome

c. . Effet photoélectrique sur un électron de la couche K de l’atome

d. . Effet de production de pair dans le champ électrique très intense

e. . Effet de peau

55 / 60

es transitions isomériques après désintégrations bêta moins de l’isotope 60 de Cobalt. Quelle est
l’énergie libérée est émise sou forme d’un photon ઻2 ?

a. . 1173,24 keV

b. . 99,90 keV

c. . 1332,50 keV

d. . 2505,74 keV

e. . 0 keV

56 / 60

Quels sont les trois processus principaux qui ont lieux lors de l’interaction d’un photon avec la
matière?

a. . Effet photoélectrique, Conversion interne, Production de pair

b. . Effet photoélectrique, Effet Compton, Production de pair

c. . Effet photoélectrique, Effet Compton, Désintégration (

d. . Effet photoélectrique, Production de pair, Désintégration par capture électronique

e. . Effet Compton, Désintégration β, Emission (

57 / 60

Le schéma de décroissance de cet isotope est présenté ci-dessous. Identifiez l’énergie maximale de différents
rayonnements émis.

a. . 661,65 keV suivi par l'émission d'un rayonnement ( de 661,65 keV

b. . 661,65 keV

c. . 30,15 keV

d. . 0 keV

e. . 89,9 keV

58 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur baryonique de n ?

a. . 27

b. . 13

c. . 0

d. . 15

e. . 1

59 / 60

Les transitions isomériques après désintégrations bêta moins de l’isotope 60 de Cobalt. Quelle est
l’énergie libérée est émise sou forme d’un photon 1 ?

a. . 0 keV

b. . 1173,24 keV

c. . 2505,74 keV

d. . 1332,50 keV

e. . 99,90 keV

60 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur baryonique de particule β ?

a. . + 1

b. . 13

c. . – 1

d. . 0

e. . 15

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