Biophysique Test

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Biophysique Test

1 / 60

Select a material which has the highest attenuation coefficient(dB/cm)

a. . Air

b. . Liver

c. . Water

d. . Muscle and bone

e. . Fat

2 / 60

Please select types of ultrasound image resolution correctly.

a. . Lateral and Axial Resolutions

b. . Clear and deep resolutions

c. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

d. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

e. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

3 / 60

What is the number of cycles per unit of time?

a. . Frequency

b. . Refraction

c. . Cycle

d. . Reflection

e. . Echo

4 / 60

What is the frequency range of diagnostic imaging using ultrasound?

a. . 1MHz to 14MHz

b. . 2MHz to 15MHz

c. . 2MHz to 16MHz

d. . 1MHz to 16MHz

e. . 1MHz to 15MHz

5 / 60

What is an application of ultrasound which is currently developing?

a. . Ophthalmology

b. . Cervical imaging

c. . imaging of the abdominal organs

d. . in utero imaging of the developing foetus

e. . cardiac and vascular imaging

6 / 60

What is an application of ultrasound which is currently using in medical imaging?

a. . Ophthalmology

b. . Cancer imaging

c. . Musculoskeletal imaging

d. . Blood echography

e. . In utero imaging of the developing foetus

7 / 60

An ultrasound image has lower spatial resolution but greater depth of penetration is given by…?

a. . Adult frequency

b. . Ear frequency

c. . Normal Frequency

d. . Lower Frequency

e. . Higher frequency

8 / 60

The region where the beam diameter increases as the distance from the transducer increases. What is it?

a. . Fraunhoffer zone

b. . Fresnel Zone

c. . Focal Zone

d. . Near Field

e. . Near Zone

9 / 60

An image of ultrasound has higher spatial resolution but less depth of penetration is given by …?

a. . Ear frequency

b. . Adult frequency

c. . Lower Frequency

d. . Normal Frequency

e. . Higher frequency

10 / 60

What is the distance between the onset of peak compression or cycle to the next?

a. . Frequency

b. . Cycle

c. . Wavelength

d. . Echo distance

e. . Reflection distance

11 / 60

What is Ultrasonography?

a. . is a medical imaging technique that uses normal frequency sound waves and their echoes?

b. . is a medical imaging technique that uses low frequency sound waves and their echoes?

c. . is a medical imaging technique that uses ear frequency sound waves and their echoes?

d. . is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes?

e. . is a medical imaging technique that uses medium frequency sound waves and their echoes?

12 / 60

Select a material which has the highest speed of sound?

a. Gases

b. Fat

c. Water

d. Blood

e. Solids

13 / 60

The lateral resolution is proportionally affected by………………?

a. . Speed of sound

b. . Velocity

c. . Wavelength

d. . Cycle

e. . Frequency

14 / 60

What is the speed of ultrasound travel through human soft tissue?

a. . 1539m/s

b. . 1538m/s

c. . 1541m/s

d. . 1540m/s

e. . 1537m/s

15 / 60

What is the maximum frequency audible to human ear?

a. . 18kHz

b. . 21kHz

c. . 22kHz

d. . 20kHz

e. . 19kHz

16 / 60

What is the combination of one rarefaction and one compression?

a. . Echo

b. . Reflection

c. . Refraction

d. . Frequency

e. . Cycle

17 / 60

The Specular medium reflections, diffuse reflections are three types of…………….…?

a. . Cycle

b. . Frequency

c. . Reflection

d. . Return sound

e. . Refraction

18 / 60

The ability to resolve objects that lie one above the other is called…………….?

a. . Axial Resolutions

b. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

c. . Lateral resolution

d. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

e. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

19 / 60

The ratio of the pressure to the particle velocity is called…………………?

a. . Refraction

b. . Frequency

c. . Acoustic Impedance

d. . Reflection

e. . Echo

20 / 60

What is the application of doppler ultrasound?

a. . Heart imaging

b. . Braining imaging

c. . Cervical imaging

d. . Blood flow imaging

e. . Muscle imaging

21 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Quel phénomène est le plus probable à cette énergie ?

a. Effet Compton

b. Production de paires

c. Fusion nucléaire

d. Ionisation nucléaire directe

e. Effet photoélectrique

22 / 60

Lors d’une curiethérapie au césium-137, le personnel doit se protéger contre les radiations émanant des sources scellées. Quelle mesure de radioprotection est la plus importante dans ce contexte ?

a. Porter un masque chirurgical

b. Utiliser des écrans de plomb

c. Augmenter le temps d’exposition

d. Boire beaucoup d’eau avant l’intervention

e. Se tenir à proximité immédiate

23 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV Pourquoi utilise-t-on un générateur de molybdène-99/technétium-99m à l’hôpital ?

a. Pour améliorer la résolution des images scintigraphiques

b. Pour stabiliser la température du produit injectable

c. Pour mesurer la radioactivité ambiante

d. Pour produire le technétium-99m sur place, à partir du molybdène-99

e. Pour recycler le technétium usagé

24 / 60

Un physicien médical mesure une activité de 3,7 × 10⁹ Bq autour d’une source de Cobalt-60. Quel type de rayonnement nécessite la plus grande épaisseur de protection ?

a. Rayonnement infrarouge

b. Rayonnement visible

c. Rayonnement α

d. Rayonnement γ

e. Rayonnement β

25 / 60

Un technicien allume un générateur à rayons X à 100 kV pour une radiographie thoracique. Quelle précaution est essentielle dans la salle de radiologie ?

a. Blindage de la pièce contre les rayons X

b. Refroidissement à l’azote

c. Filtrage des électrons

d. Mesure de la pression

e. Purification de l’air par ozone

26 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Pourquoi ne peut-on pas observer l’interaction par création de paire dans ce cas ?

a. L’aluminium bloque systématiquement tous les photons

b. Les photons sont trop lourds pour créer une paire

c. La diffusion Compton annule cet effet

d. Les électrons ne peuvent pas être ionisés dans un métal

e. L’énergie des photons est trop faible ( < 1,022 MeV )

27 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV. Quelle est la nature de cette émission ?

a. Une fission spontanée

b. Une transition isomérique

c. Une désintégration α

d. Une émission β⁺

e. Une capture électronique

28 / 60

Un physicien médical mesure une activité de 3,7 × 10⁹ Bq autour d’une source de Cobalt-60. À combien de Curie (Ci) cela correspond-il ?

a. 0,1 Ci

b. 1 Ci

c. 37 Ci

d. 10 Ci

e. 0,001 Ci

29 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un neutron se transforme en proton dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation du nombre baryonique.

a. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

b. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

c. . 0 → 1 – 1 + 0

d. . 0 → 0 + 1 – 1

e. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

30 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur de la charge (Z) de particule β ?

a. . 0

b. . + 1

c. . – 1

d. . 27

e. . 13

31 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur leptonique de particule β ?

a. . + 1

b. . 0

c. . 30

d. . – 1

e. . 13

32 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta plus qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .C

b. .E

c. .A

d. .B

e. .D

33 / 60

Quel est l’énergie du photon incident pour que soit matérialisée une masse égale à celle de 2 électrons ?

a. . 0,511 MeV

b. . 1,022 keV

c. . 0,511 keV

d. . 511 keV

e. . 1,022 MeV

34 / 60

L’activité initiale d’un radionucléide est de 100TBq. Quelle est son activité après 2 périodes radioactives ?

a. . 50 TBq

b. . 6,25 TBq

c. . 100 TBq

d. . 25 TBq

e. . 12,5 TBq

35 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration alpha qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .D

b. .B

c. .A

d. .E

e. .C

36 / 60

Le schéma de décroissance de cet isotope est présenté ci-dessous. Identifiez le type de décroissance.

a. . CE

b. . α

c. . CI

d. . β- 89,9%

e. . β+

37 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, par example, la transformation du 32P en 32S par émission β-.
Déterminez la différence des masses atomiques exprimées en uma au cours de la transformation. On donne M32P
31,98403 uma, M 32S = 31,98220 uma et 1 uma 931,5 MeV

a. . 31,98403 uma

b. . 0,00183 uma

c. . 31,98220 uma

d. . 32,00001 uma

e. . 32,00002 uma

38 / 60

Le schéma de décroissance de cet isotope est présenté ci-dessous. Identifiez la période radioactive.

a. . 5,27 ans

b. . 8 j

c. . 6 h

d. . 120 min

e. . 30,15 ans

39 / 60

On considère de la diffusion Compton d’un photon d’énergie h sur un électron au repos. Soit h’ l’énergie du photon
après qu’il soit diffusé d’un angle . Quelle est l’équation de conservation de l’énergie ?

a. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 (hυ /mec2) (1 – cosϴ)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 (hυ /mec2)

c. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 – (hυ /mec2) (1 + cosϴ)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 + (hυ /mec2)(1 – cosϴ)]

e. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 + (hυ /mec2) (1 + cosϴ)]

40 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un proton se transforme en neutron dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation du nombre leptonique.

a. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

b. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

c. . 1 → 0 + 1 + 0

d. . 0 → 0 – 1 + 1

e. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

41 / 60

Quel est l’énergie cinétique d’électron Compton lors de l’interaction des photons X ou ઻ avec des matières ?

a. . Ec = Ey – Ek

b. . Ec = Ey – Ey’ – E1

c. . Ec = 1/2mv2 – Ey’ – E1

d. . Ec = El – Ek

e. . Ec = (Ei – Ef) – El

42 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un proton se transforme en neutron dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation de la charge.

a. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

b. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

c. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

d. . 1 → 0 + 1 + 0

e. . 0 → 0 – 1 + 1

43 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta plus qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .A

b. .B

c. .D

d. .E

e. .C

44 / 60

A 55-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with worsening lower back pain. The physician considers ordering an MRI to evaluate the cause of the pain.

4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using MRI in this clinical case?

a. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast, which is useful for visualizing spinal structures

b. MRI is safe for patients with chronic kidney disease without any concerns

c. MRI is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation

d. MRI is the most cost-effective imaging modality for all patients

e. MRI can be time-consuming and may require the patient to remain still for long periods

45 / 60

A 60-year-old female with a history of severe headaches and dizziness is referred for an MRI to rule out any intracranial pathology. During the pre-MRI screening, it is discovered that she has a pacemaker implanted.

2. Which of the following is a contraindication for performing an MRI in this clinical case?

a. The patient is claustrophobic

b. The patient has a history of severe headaches

c. The patient has a history of dizziness

d. The patient is over 60 years old

e. The patient has a pacemaker implanted

46 / 60

What is the role of the basilar membrane in hearing?

a. . To convert sound waves directly into nerve impulses

b. . To protect the cochlea from excessive fluid pressure

c. . To vibrate in response to fluid movement and stimulate hair cells

d. . To equalize air pressure in the inner ear

e. . To amplify sound using ossicle action

47 / 60

What is the approximate dynamic range of the human ear in the 1–2 kHz frequency range?

a. . 0–120 to 130 dB

b. . 0–100 dB

c. . 20–200 dB

d. . 10–50 dB

e. . 0–80 dB

48 / 60

How do spiders primarily detect sounds?

a. . Using antennae

b. . By hearing with their eyes

c. . Through eardrums like humans

d. . Through their webs acting like ears

e. . Using specialized sensory hairs called trichobothria

49 / 60

Which of the following is not true about sound waves?

a. . They are longitudinal in air

b. . They carry mass of particles

c. . They need a medium to travel

d. . They are mechanical waves

e. . They can travel in a vacuum

50 / 60

Which part of the ear sends sound information to the brain?

a. . Ear Canal

b. . Ossicles

c. . Auditory Nerve

d. . Cochlea

e. . Pinna

51 / 60

What can happen if the volume flow rate of blood or air is too low?

a. . Stronger muscles

b. . weaker muscles

c. . Oxygen shortage in tissues

d. . Higher blood sugar levels

e. . Improved digestion

52 / 60

What happens to the dynamic range at very low or very high frequencies?

a. . It becomes infinite

b. . It remains unchanged

c. . It increases

d. . It becomes negative

e. . It narrows

53 / 60

Why does ear pressure often occur during altitude changes?

a. . Inner ear swelling

b. . Cold air entering the ear canal

c. . Blockage from earwax

d. . Fluid buildup behind the eardrum

e. . Unequal pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment

54 / 60

In laminar flow, how does vessel radius affect flow rate?

a. . It has no effect

b. . Flow rate is directly proportional to radius

c. . Flow rate is proportional to the fourth power of radius

d. . Flow rate is proportional to the square of radius

e. . Flow rate decreases linearly with radius

55 / 60

What is the role of the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)?

a. . They convert sound into chemical energy.

b. . They detect electrical signals.

c. . They carry signal out from the brain

d. . They amplify and transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

e. . They carry sound directly to the brain.

56 / 60

How do hair cells convert mechanical vibrations into neural signals?

a. . By opening ion channels on stereocilia

b. . By moving ossicles

c. . By reflecting sound

d. . Through hormone secretion

e. . By creating turbulence in the fluid

57 / 60

Why do hair cells fail to recover after damage?

a. . They are protected by immune cells

b. . They are post-mitotic and do not regenerate

c. . They only respond to low frequencies

d. . They regenerate slowly over time

e. . They are replaced by fluid

58 / 60

What part of the ear captures sound from the environment?

a. . Ear canal

b. . Eardrum

c. . Auditory Nerve

d. . Cochlea

e. . Pinna (Outer Ear)

59 / 60

What does a sound intensity of 120-130 dB correspond to?

a. . Normal conversation

b. . Silence

c. . Soft whisper

d. . Whisper

e. . Threshold of pain (very loud)

60 / 60

A 70-year-old male patient with a history of obesity is referred for an echocardiogram. Which of the following is a limitation of echography in this patient?

a. High cost of the procedure

b. Limited penetration through bone

c. Difficulty in imaging deep-seated structures

d. Limited penetration through air-filled structures

e. Risk of ionizing radiation

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