Biophysique Test

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Biophysique Test

1 / 60

Dans une expérience de laboratoire, on expose une feuille d’aluminium à des photons X de 60 keV. Que représente le coefficient d’atténuation linéique (μ) dans ce contexte ?

a. La probabilité d’interaction par unité de longueur

b. La vitesse de propagation du photon

c. La température d’absorption de l’aluminium

d. La densité physique de la matière

e. Le taux de production de rayons X

2 / 60

En radiothérapie, un plan de traitement est établi à l’aide d’un scanner dosimétrique. Le faisceau de traitement est ensuite défini par un collimateur multilames. Quel appareil produit un faisceau de rayons X de haute énergie (> 6 MeV) en radiothérapie moderne ?

a. L’accélérateur linéaire (LINAC)

b. Le PET scan

c. La gamma-caméra

d. Le tube à rayons X

e. Le scanner dentaire

3 / 60

A 55-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with worsening lower back pain. The physician considers ordering an MRI to evaluate the cause of the pain.

4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using MRI in this clinical case?

a. MRI is safe for patients with chronic kidney disease without any concerns

b. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast, which is useful for visualizing spinal structures

c. MRI is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation

d. MRI is the most cost-effective imaging modality for all patients

e. MRI can be time-consuming and may require the patient to remain still for long periods

4 / 60

A 35-year-old female presents with sudden onset of severe headaches, visual disturbances, and nausea. The physician suspects a possible brain tumor and considers ordering an MRI.

3. Which of the following is an indication for performing an MRI in this clinical case?

a. The patient has a history of mild headaches

b. The patient is pregnant

c. The patient has a pacemaker implanted

d. The patient has a history of claustrophobia

e. The patient has sudden onset of severe headaches and visual disturbances

5 / 60

What is the role of the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)?

a. . They amplify and transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

b. . They convert sound into chemical energy.

c. . They carry sound directly to the brain.

d. . They detect electrical signals.

e. . They carry signal out from the brain

6 / 60

Which principle explains how different frequencies affect different parts of the cochlea?

a. . Tonotopic organization

b. . Bernoulli principle

c. . Laplace’s law

d. . Poiseuille's law

e. . Hooke’s law

7 / 60

What does a sound intensity of 120-130 dB correspond to?

a. . Soft whisper

b. . Whisper

c. . Threshold of pain (very loud)

d. . Silence

e. . Normal conversation

8 / 60

Why does ear pressure often occur during altitude changes?

a. . Blockage from earwax

b. . Unequal pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment

c. . Fluid buildup behind the eardrum

d. . Inner ear swelling

e. . Cold air entering the ear canal

9 / 60

What is the term for the volume flow rate of blood pumped by the heart?

a. . Blood pressure

b. . Air Volume

c. . Stroke rate

d. . Tidal volume

e. . Cardiac output

10 / 60

How do spiders primarily detect sounds?

a. . Through their webs acting like ears

b. . Using specialized sensory hairs called trichobothria

c. . By hearing with their eyes

d. . Through eardrums like humans

e. . Using antennae

11 / 60

In which frequency range is the ear most sensitive, having the widest dynamic range?

a. . 20–50 Hz

b. . 1–2 kHz

c. . 100–500 Hz

d. . Above 10 kHz

e. . 5–8 kHz

12 / 60

Why does the flow rate increase more slowly in turbulent flow compared to laminar flow?

a. . Because blood viscosity is reduced in turbulence

b. . Because turbulent flow causes vessel dilation

c. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square of pressure gradient

d. . Because turbulent flow eliminates resistance

e. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square root of pressure gradient

13 / 60

What does “dynamic range” in human hearing refer to?

a. . Auditory nerve firing rate

b. . Bone conduction capacity

c. . Loudness range between threshold and pain

d. . Frequency range of hearing

e. . Range of hair cell movement

14 / 60

Where in the ear does the amplification of sound primarily occur?

a. . Inner ear (cochlea)

b. . Outer ear (pinna)

c. . Pinna

d. . Middle ear (ossicles)

e. . Auditory nerve

15 / 60

What part of the ear captures sound from the environment?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Eardrum

c. . Pinna (Outer Ear)

d. . Ear canal

e. . Auditory Nerve

16 / 60

What is the primary function of the cochlear hair cells?

a. . To move the ossicles

b. . To convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals

c. . To produce perilymph

d. . To generate pressure waves

e. . To protect the eardrum

17 / 60

What is the role of the basilar membrane in hearing?

a. . To protect the cochlea from excessive fluid pressure

b. . To equalize air pressure in the inner ear

c. . To convert sound waves directly into nerve impulses

d. . To amplify sound using ossicle action

e. . To vibrate in response to fluid movement and stimulate hair cells

18 / 60

What happens to the dynamic range at very low or very high frequencies?

a. . It narrows

b. . It becomes negative

c. . It remains unchanged

d. . It increases

e. . It becomes infinite

19 / 60

What happens when the pressure inside the middle ear is lower than the external air pressure?

a. . Eardrum is pulled inward

b. . Eardrum ruptures immediately

c. . No effect unless temperature changes

d. . Eardrum pushes outward

e. . Hearing improves

20 / 60

Le schéma de décroissance de cet isotope est présenté ci-dessous. Identifiez le type de décroissance.

a. . CI

b. . CE

c. . α

d. . β- 89,9%

e. . β+

21 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur leptonique de n ?

a. . 1

b. . 15

c. . 13

d. . 27

e. . 0

22 / 60

D’après la désintégration α, par exemple, le radium 226 se transforme spontanément en l’élément Y en émettant d’un
noyau d’hélium. De quel élément s’agit-il ?

a. . Radon 220

b. . Radon 217

c. . Radon 218

d. . Radon 219

e. . Radon 222

23 / 60

Les transitions isomériques après désintégrations bêta moins de l’isotope 60 de Cobalt. Quelle est
l’énergie libérée est émise sou forme d’un photon 1 ?

a. . 99,90 keV

b. . 0 keV

c. . 2505,74 keV

d. . 1173,24 keV

e. . 1332,50 keV

24 / 60

D’après la désintégration α, par exemple, le radium 226 se transforme spontanément en l’élément Y en émettant d’un
noyau d’hélium. Donnez la valeur du nombre atomique (Z) du noyau Y de la voie de sortie.

a. . 2

b. . 4

c. . 86

d. . 88

e. . 226

25 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur du nombre de masse (A) de particule α.

a. . 13

b. . 27

c. . 30

d. . 4

e. . 15

26 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration alpha qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .D

b. .C

c. .E

d. .A

e. .B

27 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un neutron se transforme en proton dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation du nombre leptonique.

a. . 0 → 1 – 1 + 0

b. . 0 → 0 + 1 – 1

c. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

d. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

e. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

28 / 60

L’activité initiale d’un radionucléide est de 100TBq. Quelle est son activité après 2 périodes radioactives ?

a. . 6,25 TBq

b. . 25 TBq

c. . 100 TBq

d. . 12,5 TBq

e. . 50 TBq

29 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, par example, la transformation du 32P en 32S par émission β-.
Déterminez l’énergie libérée exprimées en MeV au cours de la transformation. Où M32P 31,98403 uma, M 32S =
31,98220 uma et 1 uma 931,5 MeV

a. . 1,805 MeV

b. . 1,705 MeV

c. . 931,5 MeV

d. . 31,982 MeV

e. . 31,984 MeV

30 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un proton se transforme en neutron dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation de la charge.

a. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

b. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

c. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

d. . 0 → 0 – 1 + 1

e. . 1 → 0 + 1 + 0

31 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un neutron se transforme en proton dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation du nombre baryonique.

a. . 0 → 1 – 1 + 0

b. . 0 → 0 + 1 – 1

c. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

d. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

e. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

32 / 60

On considère de la diffusion Compton d’un photon d’énergie h sur un électron au repos. Soit h’ l’énergie du photon
après qu’il soit diffusé d’un angle . Quelle est l’équation de conservation de l’énergie ?

a. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 + (hυ /mec2) (1 + cosϴ)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 (hυ /mec2) (1 – cosϴ)]

c. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 – (hυ /mec2) (1 + cosϴ)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 (hυ /mec2)

e. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 + (hυ /mec2)(1 – cosϴ)]

33 / 60

a. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (mec2/2hυ)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (2hυ/ mec2)]

c. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (2hυ/ mec2)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (mec2/2hυ)]

e. . hυ’ = hυ

34 / 60

On considère de la diffusion Compton d’un photon d’énergie h sur un électron au repos. Soit h’ l’énergie du photon
après qu’il soit diffusé d’un angle . Quelles est l’équation de conservation de l’énergie, si l’angle ?

a. . hυ’ = hυ

b. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (2hυ’/ mec2)]

c. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (2hυ/ mec2)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (2hυ/ mec2)]

35 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur baryonique de particule β ?

a. . 13

b. . 15

c. . – 1

d. . + 1

e. . 0

36 / 60

Quel est l’énergie du photon incident pour que soit matérialisée une masse égale à celle de 2 électrons ?

a. . 0,511 MeV

b. . 0,511 keV

c. . 1,022 keV

d. . 1,022 MeV

e. . 511 keV

37 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta plus qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .B

b. .A

c. .D

d. .C

e. .E

38 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration par capture électronique qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se
transforme spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .E

b. .A

c. .D

d. .C

e. .B

39 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta moins qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .D

b. .E

c. .B

d. .C

e. .A

40 / 60

A 60-year-old male patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is referred for an ultrasound. Which type of probe is most suitable for imaging superficial structures and vessels?

a. Convex Probe

b. Endocavitary Probe

c. Phased Array Probe

d. Curvilinear Probe

e. Linear Probe

41 / 60

What is the application of doppler ultrasound?

a. . Blood flow imaging

b. . Heart imaging

c. . Braining imaging

d. . Cervical imaging

e. . Muscle imaging

42 / 60

The axial resolution is inversely proportional affected by………………?

a. . Speed of sound

b. . Cycle

c. . Wavelength

d. . Velocity

e. . Frequency

43 / 60

The region where the beam diameter increases as the distance from the transducer increases. What is it?

a. . Fresnel Zone

b. . Fraunhoffer zone

c. . Near Field

d. . Focal Zone

e. . Near Zone

44 / 60

The ability to resolve objects that lie one above the other is called…………….?

a. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

b. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

c. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

d. . Axial Resolutions

e. . Lateral resolution

45 / 60

What is the main component of transducer?

a. . Quartz phone

b. . Acoustic Lens

c. . Piezoelectric

d. . Acoustic matching layer

e. . Gramophone

46 / 60

What is the speed of ultrasound travel through human soft tissue?

a. . 1539m/s

b. . 1538m/s

c. . 1540m/s

d. . 1541m/s

e. . 1537m/s

47 / 60

What is an application of ultrasound which is currently developing?

a. . in utero imaging of the developing foetus

b. . cardiac and vascular imaging

c. . imaging of the abdominal organs

d. . Ophthalmology

e. . Cervical imaging

48 / 60

The reflection at the smooth surface is…………………?

a. . Diffuse Refraction

b. . Medium Reflection

c. . Specular Refraction

d. . Diffuse Reflection

e. . Specular Reflection

49 / 60

What is Ultrasonography?

a. . is a medical imaging technique that uses ear frequency sound waves and their echoes?

b. . is a medical imaging technique that uses normal frequency sound waves and their echoes?

c. . is a medical imaging technique that uses medium frequency sound waves and their echoes?

d. . is a medical imaging technique that uses low frequency sound waves and their echoes?

e. . is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes?

50 / 60

The Specular medium reflections, diffuse reflections are three types of…………….…?

a. . Reflection

b. . Frequency

c. . Refraction

d. . Return sound

e. . Cycle

51 / 60

What is the boundary between two different media where reflection and refraction occur?

a. . Reflection Boundary

b. . Cycle Point

c. . Return sound Boundary

d. . Acoustic Mismatch

e. . Redirected sound Point

52 / 60

What is the speed at which sound waves travel through a particular medium?

a. . Reflection speed

b. . Wavelength

c. . Echo speed

d. . Speed of frequency

e. . Velocity

53 / 60

What is the maximum frequency audible to human ear?

a. . 18kHz

b. . 19kHz

c. . 21kHz

d. . 22kHz

e. . 20kHz

54 / 60

A method to image moving blood and estimate blood velocity by exploiting the Doppler effect is called……?

a. . Doppler effect

b. . Heart doppler ultrasound

c. . Sound effect

d. . Doppler sound

e. . Doppler ultrasound

55 / 60

The region where the beam diameter is most concentrated giving the greatest degree of focus. What is it ?

a. . Fresnel Zone

b. . Focal Zone

c. . Fraunhoffer zone

d. . Near Zone

e. . Near Field

56 / 60

Brightness mode. Where the signals are displayed as various points whose brightness depends on the amplitude of the returning sound energy. It is called……………?

a. . M mode

b. . Transmitted mode

c. . Reflection mode

d. . B mode.

e. . A mode.

57 / 60

An ultrasound image has lower spatial resolution but greater depth of penetration is given by…?

a. . Adult frequency

b. . Ear frequency

c. . Higher frequency

d. . Normal Frequency

e. . Lower Frequency

58 / 60

The ratio of the pressure to the particle velocity is called…………………?

a. . Reflection

b. . Refraction

c. . Acoustic Impedance

d. . Frequency

e. . Echo

59 / 60

Motion mode. The application of B-mode and a strip chart recorder allows visualization of the structures as a function of depth and time. It is called…………………?

a. . A mode.

b. . Transmitted mode

c. . B mode.

d. . Reflection mode

e. . M mode.

60 / 60

What is the number of cycles per unit of time?

a. . Refraction

b. . Reflection

c. . Cycle

d. . Echo

e. . Frequency

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