Biophysique Test

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Biophysique Test

1 / 60

In which frequency range is the ear most sensitive, having the widest dynamic range?

a. . 5–8 kHz

b. . 1–2 kHz

c. . Above 10 kHz

d. . 20–50 Hz

e. . 100–500 Hz

2 / 60

What is the role of the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)?

a. . They carry signal out from the brain

b. . They amplify and transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

c. . They convert sound into chemical energy.

d. . They carry sound directly to the brain.

e. . They detect electrical signals.

3 / 60

Why is volume flow rate important in the respiratory system?

a. . It controls your breath

b. . It produces energy directly

c. . It controls your heartbeat

d. . It determines how much oxygen enters the blood

e. . It maintains body temperature

4 / 60

What is the correct order of how sound travels through the ear?

a. . Ear Canal → Cochlea → Ossicles → Eardrum → Brain

b. . Ear Canal → Eardrum → Ossicles → Cochlea → Auditory Nerve

c. . Cochlea → Eardrum → Ossicles → Auditory Nerve

d. . Ear Canal → Cochlea → Ossicles → Eardrum → Auditory Nerve

e. . Eardrum → Cochlea → Ossicles → Auditory Nerve

5 / 60

What is the primary function of the cochlear hair cells?

a. . To generate pressure waves

b. . To convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals

c. . To move the ossicles

d. . To produce perilymph

e. . To protect the eardrum

6 / 60

Which of the following is not true about sound waves?

a. . They carry mass of particles

b. . They can travel in a vacuum

c. . They are longitudinal in air

d. . They are mechanical waves

e. . They need a medium to travel

7 / 60

What part of the ear captures sound from the environment?

a. . Auditory Nerve

b. . Pinna (Outer Ear)

c. . Eardrum

d. . Cochlea

e. . Ear canal

8 / 60

Why does the flow rate increase more slowly in turbulent flow compared to laminar flow?

a. . Because turbulent flow causes vessel dilation

b. . Because turbulent flow eliminates resistance

c. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square root of pressure gradient

d. . Because blood viscosity is reduced in turbulence

e. . Because flow rate in turbulence is proportional to the square of pressure gradient

9 / 60

What is the term for the volume flow rate of blood pumped by the heart?

a. . Air Volume

b. . Tidal volume

c. . Blood pressure

d. . Cardiac output

e. . Stroke rate

10 / 60

Why does ear pressure often occur during altitude changes?

a. . Inner ear swelling

b. . Fluid buildup behind the eardrum

c. . Unequal pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment

d. . Blockage from earwax

e. . Cold air entering the ear canal

11 / 60

What happens to the dynamic range at very low or very high frequencies?

a. . It remains unchanged

b. . It narrows

c. . It increases

d. . It becomes infinite

e. . It becomes negative

12 / 60

What type of wave is sound when traveling through air?

a. . Sound wave

b. . Electromagnetic wave

c. . Longitudinal wave

d. . Transverse wave

e. . Light wave

13 / 60

How do spiders primarily detect sounds?

a. . Using specialized sensory hairs called trichobothria

b. . By hearing with their eyes

c. . Through eardrums like humans

d. . Using antennae

e. . Through their webs acting like ears

14 / 60

What does a sound intensity of 120-130 dB correspond to?

a. . Normal conversation

b. . Soft whisper

c. . Threshold of pain (very loud)

d. . Whisper

e. . Silence

15 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV. Quelle est la nature de cette émission ?

a. Une désintégration α

b. Une émission β⁺

c. Une capture électronique

d. Une transition isomérique

e. Une fission spontanée

16 / 60

Un physicien médical mesure une activité de 3,7 × 10⁹ Bq autour d’une source de Cobalt-60. À combien de Curie (Ci) cela correspond-il ?

a. 10 Ci

b. 1 Ci

c. 0,1 Ci

d. 0,001 Ci

e. 37 Ci

17 / 60

Lors d’une curiethérapie au césium-137, le personnel doit se protéger contre les radiations émanant des sources scellées. Quelle mesure de radioprotection est la plus importante dans ce contexte ?

a. Se tenir à proximité immédiate

b. Utiliser des écrans de plomb

c. Augmenter le temps d’exposition

d. Boire beaucoup d’eau avant l’intervention

e. Porter un masque chirurgical

18 / 60

Un technicien allume un générateur à rayons X à 100 kV pour une radiographie thoracique. Quelle précaution est essentielle dans la salle de radiologie ?

a. Filtrage des électrons

b. Refroidissement à l’azote

c. Blindage de la pièce contre les rayons X

d. Mesure de la pression

e. Purification de l’air par ozone

19 / 60

Un technicien allume un générateur à rayons X à 100 kV pour une radiographie thoracique. D’où proviennent les rayons X ?

a. Du noyau excité

b. De la fission spontanée

c. D’une annihilation électron-positon

d. Du freinage d’électrons sur l’anode

e. D’une désintégration β⁻

20 / 60

Un manipulateur en médecine nucléaire prépare une dose de 99mTc pour une scintigraphie osseuse. Ce radionucléide émet un photon γ de 140 keV Pourquoi utilise-t-on un générateur de molybdène-99/technétium-99m à l’hôpital ?

a. Pour améliorer la résolution des images scintigraphiques

b. Pour stabiliser la température du produit injectable

c. Pour recycler le technétium usagé

d. Pour produire le technétium-99m sur place, à partir du molybdène-99

e. Pour mesurer la radioactivité ambiante

21 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of echography (ultrasound) in clinical diagnostics?

a. Cost-effectiveness

b. Versatility in various medical specialties

c. Use of ionizing radiation

d. Real-time imaging

e. Non-invasiveness

22 / 60

Which mode of echography provides a real-time, two-dimensional image of the internal structures of the body?

a. M-Mode

b. B-Mode

c. A-Mode

d. Doppler Ultrasound

e. 3D Ultrasound

23 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration alpha qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .D

b. .B

c. .E

d. .A

e. .C

24 / 60

Le schéma de décroissance de cet isotope est présenté ci-dessous. Identifiez le type de décroissance.

a. . CI

b. . α

c. . β- 89,9%

d. . CE

e. . β+

25 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Donnez la valeur baryonique de particule β ?

a. . + 1

b. . – 1

c. . 13

d. . 0

e. . 15

26 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un neutron se transforme en proton dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation de la charge.

a. . 0 →0 + 1- 1

b. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

c. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

d. . 0 → 1 – 1 + 0

e. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

27 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, par example, la transformation du 32P en 32S par émission β-.
Déterminez la différence des masses atomiques exprimées en uma au cours de la transformation. On donne M32P
31,98403 uma, M 32S = 31,98220 uma et 1 uma 931,5 MeV

a. . 32,00002 uma

b. . 31,98220 uma

c. . 31,98403 uma

d. . 0,00183 uma

e. . 32,00001 uma

28 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude de la réaction nucléaire ci-dessous. Écrivez la conservation de charge lors de la réaction.

a. . 13 + 2 = 15 + 0, 15 = 14 + 1 + 0 ou 15 – 1 = 14 + 0

b. . 30 = 30 + 0 + 0, 27 + 4 = 30 + 1 ou 13 + 2 = 15 + 0

c. . 27 + 4 = 30 + 1, 30 = 30 + 0 + 0 ou 30 + 0 = 30 = 0

d. . 13 + 2 = 15 + 0, 27 + 4 = 30 + 1 ou 30 = 30 + 0 + 0

e. . 27 + 4 = 30 + 1, 13 + 2 = 15 + 0 ou 30 = 30 + 0 + 0

29 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta plus qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .D

b. .B

c. .A

d. .C

e. .E

30 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta moins qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .B

b. .E

c. .D

d. .C

e. .A

31 / 60

On considère de la diffusion Compton d’un photon d’énergie h sur un électron au repos. Soit h’ l’énergie du photon
après qu’il soit diffusé d’un angle . Quelle est l’équation de conservation de l’énergie ?

a. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 + (hυ /mec2) (1 + cosϴ)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 + (hυ /mec2)(1 – cosϴ)]

c. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 (hυ /mec2) (1 – cosϴ)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 (hυ /mec2)

e. . hυ’ = hυ /[1 – (hυ /mec2) (1 + cosϴ)]

32 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration beta plus qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se transforme
spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .D

b. .B

c. .C

d. .E

e. .A

33 / 60

Quel est l’énergie cinétique d’électron Compton lors de l’interaction des photons X ou ઻ avec des matières ?

a. . Ec = Ey – Ey’ – E1

b. . Ec = 1/2mv2 – Ey’ – E1

c. . Ec = El – Ek

d. . Ec = (Ei – Ef) – El

e. . Ec = Ey – Ek

34 / 60

On s’intéresse à l’étude la désintégration β, un neutron se transforme en proton dans le noyau selon la réaction
suivante. Écrivez l’équation de conservation du nombre leptonique.

a. . 0 → 0 + 1 – 1

b. . 0 → 1 – 1 + 0

c. . 1 – 1 → 0 + 0

d. . 1 → 1 + 0 + 0

e. . 0 → 0 + 0 + 0

35 / 60

Les transitions isomériques après désintégrations bêta moins de l’isotope 60 de Cobalt. Quelle est
l’énergie libérée est émise sou forme d’un photon 1 ?

a. . 1173,24 keV

b. . 99,90 keV

c. . 2505,74 keV

d. . 0 keV

e. . 1332,50 keV

36 / 60

a. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (mec2/2hυ)]

b. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (2hυ/ mec2)]

c. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 + (2hυ/ mec2)]

d. . hυ’ = hυ/[1 – (mec2/2hυ)]

e. . hυ’ = hυ

37 / 60

Quelle est la désintégration par capture électronique qui a lieu lors de l’atome radioactive se
transforme spontanément en autre atome ?

a. .C

b. .E

c. .A

d. .B

e. .D

38 / 60

Brightness mode. Where the signals are displayed as various points whose brightness depends on the amplitude of the returning sound energy. It is called……………?

a. . A mode.

b. . M mode

c. . Reflection mode

d. . B mode.

e. . Transmitted mode

39 / 60

What is the frequency range of diagnostic imaging using ultrasound?

a. . 2MHz to 15MHz

b. . 1MHz to 15MHz

c. . 2MHz to 16MHz

d. . 1MHz to 14MHz

e. . 1MHz to 16MHz

40 / 60

The ability to resolve objects that lie one above the other is called…………….?

a. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

b. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

c. . Lateral resolution

d. . Axial Resolutions

e. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

41 / 60

What is the distance between the onset of peak compression or cycle to the next?

a. . Reflection distance

b. . Frequency

c. . Cycle

d. . Wavelength

e. . Echo distance

42 / 60

What is the combination of one rarefaction and one compression?

a. . Frequency

b. . Reflection

c. . Refraction

d. . Echo

e. . Cycle

43 / 60

A method to image moving blood and estimate blood velocity by exploiting the Doppler effect is called……?

a. . Doppler ultrasound

b. . Doppler sound

c. . Doppler effect

d. . Heart doppler ultrasound

e. . Sound effect

44 / 60

An ultrasound image has lower spatial resolution but greater depth of penetration is given by…?

a. . Ear frequency

b. . Adult frequency

c. . Higher frequency

d. . Lower Frequency

e. . Normal Frequency

45 / 60

The region where the beam diameter increases as the distance from the transducer increases. What is it?

a. . Near Field

b. . Fresnel Zone

c. . Near Zone

d. . Fraunhoffer zone

e. . Focal Zone

46 / 60

The region where the beam diameter is most concentrated giving the greatest degree of focus. What is it ?

a. . Near Field

b. . Fresnel Zone

c. . Fraunhoffer zone

d. . Near Zone

e. . Focal Zone

47 / 60

What is the application of doppler ultrasound?

a. . Blood flow imaging

b. . Cervical imaging

c. . Heart imaging

d. . Muscle imaging

e. . Braining imaging

48 / 60

Select a material which has the highest speed of sound?

a. Gases

b. Blood

c. Solids

d. Fat

e. Water

49 / 60

What is the number of cycles per unit of time?

a. . Refraction

b. . Cycle

c. . Echo

d. . Reflection

e. . Frequency

50 / 60

Ultrasound is the most commonly used diagnostic imaging modality, accounting for approximately……of all imaging examinations performed worldwide nowadays.

a. . 25%

b. . 27%

c. . 24%

d. . 26%

e. . 28%

51 / 60

Linear Array probe, Curved probe, Phrased array probe are three types of ……………?

a. . Echo Pulse

b. . Pulse generator

c. . Beam

d. . Transducer

e. . Scan Converter

52 / 60

What is unit of sound beam attenuation?

a. . mm/s (millimeter per second).

b. . dB(decibel).

c. . m/s (meter per second).

d. . Hz (Hertz).

e. . km/s (kilometer per second).

53 / 60

The ability to resolve objects side by side is called………………?

a. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

b. . Axial Resolutions

c. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

d. . Lateral resolution

e. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

54 / 60

What is an application of ultrasound which is currently using in medical imaging?

a. . Blood echography

b. . Musculoskeletal imaging

c. . Cancer imaging

d. . Ophthalmology

e. . In utero imaging of the developing foetus

55 / 60

Amplitude mode. Where the signals are displayed as spikes that are dependent on the amplitude of the returning sound energy. It is called………………?

a. . B mode.

b. . Transmitted mode

c. . A mode

d. . M mode

e. . Reflection mode

56 / 60

The reflection at the smooth surface is…………………?

a. . Specular Reflection

b. . Diffuse Reflection

c. . Medium Reflection

d. . Diffuse Refraction

e. . Specular Refraction

57 / 60

The lateral resolution is proportionally affected by………………?

a. . Speed of sound

b. . Velocity

c. . Frequency

d. . Wavelength

e. . Cycle

58 / 60

Please select types of ultrasound image resolution correctly.

a. . Transverse and Transmit Resolutions

b. . Clear and deep resolutions

c. . Bright and Dark Resolutions

d. . Proportional and Inversion resolutions

e. . Lateral and Axial Resolutions

59 / 60

What is the speed of ultrasound travel through human soft tissue?

a. . 1541m/s

b. . 1539m/s

c. . 1540m/s

d. . 1537m/s

e. . 1538m/s

60 / 60

The reflection at the rough surface is…………………?

a. . Specular Refraction

b. . Specular Reflection

c. . Diffuse Reflection

d. . Diffuse Refraction

e. . Medium Reflection

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