/199 0 Health Policy Preparation 1 / 199 1) What are the three inter-related health financing strategic options for universal coverage proposed by world health resolutions (WHR) in 2010? a. Increase funding allocation for health, Reduce out-of-pockets payment and Increase government investment in health b. Raise sufficient funds for health, Reduce heavy reliance on direct out-of-pockets payment and Eliminate inefficient use of resources c. Mobilize resources from all partners for health, Reduce unnecessary payment for health and Use effectively the external aids d. Reduce unnecessary payment for health, Increase external aid for health sector and Increase the private sector contribution for health e. Reduce the burden of the infectious diseases, Reduce donors funding for health and Increase the government contribution for health 2 / 199 2) Why health insurance is important? a. Health insurance has a potential to increase the access to health care services, to provide financial protection, to improve quality of care and to regulate private sector b. Health insurance can provide financial support to poor people in order to increase the access to health care services c. Health insurance has a potential to provide better care to the people d. Health insurance can control cost and regulate private sector e. Health insurance could be a potential ways to increase better life of the poor people 3 / 199 3) What are the key actions to promote a pro-poor health approach? a. Ensuring the financial risk protection for the poor people, reducing the catastrophic health expenditure, and achieving the universal health coverage. b. Increasing national budget to improve quality of health care system, improving the efficiency of health services, and ensuring high quality of health personnel. c. Leveraging all resources to support health system, reducing the out of pocket payment for health among the poor people, and formulating the policy for pro-poor health. d. Investing in health to reduce poverty, supporting pro-poor health system, and having a policy for pro-poor health. 4 / 199 4) What is a user fees scheme in health sector? a. Refer to payments by both government and donors to health care services for caring societies b. Refer to payments when these are made for services provided by the public health sector c. Refer to payments when government subsidized to the health services for caring poor people d. Refer to subsidized fund by donors to support the poor people to access health care services e. Refer to out-of-pockets payments to private health services 5 / 199 5) In Thailand, Community UHC Fund pay by local government generates … MUSD to support health promotion and long-term care in 2016 a. 150 b. 50 c. 200 d. 100 6 / 199 6) What is the Target 3 of the 2030 SDG? a. Ensure universal access to sexual reproductive health care services b. Reduce number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals c. End preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 d. End of epidemics of HIV, TB and Malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis e. Reduce the under 5 mortalities to less than 25% per 100,000 lives birth 7 / 199 7) What are the three goals for health sector of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG)? a. Reduction of child mortality, increase nutrition conditions, and eradicate extreme poverty. b. Combat diabetes, high blood pressure and other non-communicable diseases, improve child survival, and promote gender equality. c. Reduction of child mortality, improve maternal health, and combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other communicable diseases. d. Poverty reduction, ensure environment sustainability, and reduction of child mortality. 8 / 199 8) SDG: Equality means treating 2 people the same. … according to what they need or deserve. a. Sympathy b. Equity c. Integrity d. Loyalty 9 / 199 9) Other factors that cause barriers for right holders (beneficiaries) participation are legacies of historical trauma; the patron-client system; gender norms, which both prevent women from speaking up and cause others to put lower priority on the fulfilment of their rights; cultural norms; and a lack of role models, which causes people … the prevailing unequal patron-client relationships. a. to reject b. to accept c. to undermine d. to ignore 10 / 199 10) In the example of the analysis of Health system dynamics framework in India is an illustration of …. a. the consequences of uncontrolled HIV epidemic in the country b. the Delivery of chronic disease care in a local health system c. the consequences of uncontrolled creation of medical schools in a province d. the consequences of inappropriate management of SRH clinic in a province 11 / 199 11) Descriptive claim describes how people behave and what types ……they claim to follow. a. of government regulations b. of moral standards c. of internal rules d. of ministerial orders 12 / 199 12) The bas relief of Rahou eating chariots and people in …. temple depicts the inequalities, power asymmetries and effectiveness of governance in Thirteen Century of Khmer Empire. a. Banteay Chmar b. Bakong c. Phimean Akas d. Bantey Srei 13 / 199 13) As compared to Total Health Expenditure (THE) in 2015, Out of Pocket expenditure (OOP) in Thailand is … a. 24% b. 44% c. 34% d. 14% 14 / 199 14) What is the essential service 10 in the local health system assessment? a. Monitor health status to identify community health problems b. Contribute to the delivery of public health services in the community c. Review and evaluate health regulations d. Reinforce the implementation of laws and regulations related to health e. Research for new insights & innovative solutions to health problems 15 / 199 15) What is the target of goal 3 (ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) to improve maternal health? a. To achieve the universal access to reproductive health by 2030. b. To reduce global maternal mortality rate to 700 live births by 2030. c. To reduce the global maternal mortality rate to 170 per 100,000 live births, by 2030. d. To reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births, by 2030. 16 / 199 16) The fifth big mountains in the UHC of Thailand is Evidence informed decision – to support decision to prioritized actions and investments. However, evidences are not always welcome because of …. and conflict of interest a. Lack of thorough analysis b. Lack of triangulation c. Corruption d. Incomplete data 17 / 199 17) Sin tax which orders 2% additional levy on tobacco and alcohol excise tax generates … Millions of US Dollars in 2015 to support Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HiTAP) in Thailand a. 50 b. 70 c. 150 d. 100 18 / 199 18) What is the essential service 2 in the local public health system assessment? a. Assure a competent public and personal health care workforce b. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of health services c. Diagnose & investigate health problems & health hazards in the community d. Monitor health status to identify community health problems 19 / 199 19) Health system dynamics framework considers some elements to be more important than others. We assert that the organization and delivery of health care services is the core of the central axis that includes leadership, governance as well as …. a. contribution of donors b. capacity building of health care workers especially those who are working in tertiary hospitals c. interaction with the population and other actors d. the introduction of advanced technologies 20 / 199 20) In addition to pre-paid and pooled resources, the options can be applied to ensure greater coverage and lower financial barriers are as follows: a. High quality of health care services, introduce health insurance to cover the poor people and reducing out-of-pockets payments (OOPs) b. Free or subsidized health services, subsidized or free enrolment in health insurance and cash payment to cover transportation costs and other costs of obtaining care c. Reducing OOPs, great health equity funds schemes and use effectively resources for health. d. Free caring societies, introduction of user fees schemes and involvement the contribution from private sector. 21 / 199 21) What are the overall goals/outcomes of WHO health system? a. Improved efficacy of health service, good leadership and governance, universal health coverage and financial risk protection. b. Improved quality of health, increased responsiveness, improved efficiency and social and financial risk protection c. High quality of health services, good health and wellbeing, health insurance for all and improving quality of health personnel. d. Accessibility to health services by all, gender equity, good health for all and all ages and high quality of health care. 22 / 199 22) The three dimensions of universal health coverage include: a. Coverage with disease control, coverage with needed services and coverage with access to preventive services b. Coverage with access to prevention service, coverage with affordable payment, coverage with health insurance c. Coverage with poverty reduction, coverage with TB treatment, coverage with malaria elimination d. Coverage with affordable payment, service deliveries coverage and coverage with poverty reduction e. Population coverage, coverage with needed services and coverage with financial risk protection 23 / 199 23) Some important characteristics of health system are as follows: a. Creative thinking, good collaboration and strong partnership b. Participative in making decision within health care providers c. Communication and active involvement of all partners to support health care system d. Strong enabling environmental support e. Complexity, conflict, political links and embedded in social context 24 / 199 24) The number of MRI in Bangkok (Thailand) Hospitals is … times than those in the Esarn Region a. 9 b. 7 c. 6 d. 8 25 / 199 25) To conceptualize health system governance, Building-block approach focus on the internal workings (including ….) within typically government-run organizations or health care facilities. a. institutional arrangements b. project management c. human resource management d. program management 26 / 199 26) UHC is built on …. a. Human dignity, Human security and Solidarity b. Human dignity, Human security and Development c. Human dignity, Human security and Sustainability d. Human dignity, Human security and social justice 27 / 199 27) What is the scope of the SDG 2030 agenda? a. Addressing the human rights for all b. Focusing on social dimension c. Addressing the challenges faced during MDGs d. Applying a universal agenda to all people e. Completing the unfinished business of the 2015 MDGs 28 / 199 28) Formal interactions are an official way of …. communication in working places like department/ offices during working time using direct expression and written language a. hierarchical b. open c. casual d. bi-directional 29 / 199 29) What is the scope of the sustainable development goal (SDG) 2030 agenda? a. Addressing the human rights for all. b. Completing the unfinished business of the 2015 MDGs. c. Focusing on social dimension. d. Applying a universal agenda to all people. 30 / 199 30) Normative claim attempts to evaluate or create moral standards and prescribes how people ….to act a. Ought b. suppose c. Would d. Should 31 / 199 31) In the example of the analysis of Health system dynamics framework in Democratic Republic of Congo is an illustration of …. a. the consequences of mismanagement of NCDs in a province b. the consequences of uncontrolled creation of medical schools in a province c. the consequences of inappropriate management of SRH clinic in a province d. the consequences of uncontrolled HIV epidemic in the country 32 / 199 32) An essential function of health system governance is therefore to seek a balance, taking into account the values and principles of actors in the system through a process of negotiation on the basis of fair processes, whilst (1) being accountable …. – and, (2) minimizing harmful effects, especially for the most vulnerable groups. a. to Ministry of Economy and Finance b. to donors c. to funding agencies d. to the ultimate beneficiary – the population 33 / 199 33) Thailand spends … USD for UHC’s budget per capita per year a. 150 b. 200 c. 111 d. 170 34 / 199 34) What are the steps in the health system assessment approach? a. Select the assessment team, develop the assessment tools, prepare the assessment budget and disseminate the assessment results. b. Sharpe the assessment, mobilize assessment team, collect data, analyze findings and write the assessment report. c. Prioritize the assessment activities, organize the training sessions for data collection, formulate the standard operating procedures for health system assessment and analyze the findings. d. Identify the health assessment needs, develop the assessment questionnaires, logistic supply management for data collection and dissemination the assessment outcomes. 35 / 199 35) What are the key components of the World Health Assembly Resolution (WHR) in 2005 to urge countries to develop health financing system? a. Ensure the efficacy of the health insurance scheme and expand the implementation of health equity funds b. Assure people receiving the quality of health care and no barriers to access health services c. Assure adequate health staff and with high capacity and ability to manage cases d. Ensure all people have access to needed services and without the risk of financial ruin to paying for care 36 / 199 36) What is the goal for health of the SDG 2030? a. Universal health coverage. b. Clean water and sanitation. c. Universal access to primary health care services. d. Ensure healthy lives and promote well- being for all at all ages. 37 / 199 37) The goal of UHC to equally entitle all citizens to quality health care according to their needs, as. a. as government support b. as government assistance c. as humanitarian assistance d. basic right 38 / 199 38) The three main factors influencing performance of health financing are as follows: a. Financial protection, retaining human resources and pre-payment services b. Revenue collection, building trust and payment mechanism for providers c. Revenue collection, pooling and purchasing d. Pooling of the revenues, Identification of health services and purchasing the providers e. Pooling the revenues, creating payment mechanism and financial risk protection 39 / 199 39) The main criteria of health system performance include: a. Equity, sustainability, result- based, poverty reduction and efficiency b. Efficiency, acceptability, feasibility, quality and cost-effectiveness c. Accessibility, coverage, strong management, quality and financial risk protection d. Sustainability, coverage reachable, poverty reduction, adequate health professional and working condition for health workers e. Accessibility, efficacy, equity, quality and sustainability 40 / 199 40) What are the problems of private health insurance? a. Risk selection, wrong purchasing mechanism b. Unclear approach for revenue collection, financial risk protection c. Lack of trusty for both insured and insurers, difficulty in pooling the premium d. Adverse selection, risk selection, informational asymmetry and moral hazard 41 / 199 41) Descriptive claim is a claim that asserts that such-and-such …. the case. a. ought to be b. is c. Should be d. Would be 42 / 199 42) By increasing the UHC coverage from 45% in 1987 to 72% in 197 the debt service ratio in Thailand is decreasing from 24.7% in 1987 to … in 1997 a. 15.0% b. 17.0% c. 5.0% d. 20.0% 43 / 199 43) The World’s Largest Lesson and SDG: We all have to achieve the 17 SDG by 2030 to protect the planet against climate change, and make the world safer, … and more just for everyone. a. fairer b. more convenient c. more developed d. more sophisticated 44 / 199 44) How to collect the data for the assessment of health system performance? a. Develop the checklist for data collection, develop the standard operating procedure for field works, conduct the pre-test for assessment and review the assessment tools. b. Formulate the ground rules and regulations for data collection, develop the checklist for data collection, organize the training session for field data collectors and communicate with the local authorities to get their supports for data collection. c. Select the assessment team and organize the training workshop for data collectors, communicate with local authorities and key partners, and start the field works for data collection. d. Compile and review the background materials for the assessment, identify information gaps and key informants, organize the workshop for the relevant stakeholders as needed, and prepare the contact list and interview the key informants at national and sub-national level. 45 / 199 45) Leadership: The Buddhism precepts are commitments to abstain from 1) harming living beings, 2) stealing 3) sexual misconduct 4) … and 5) intoxication. a. gambling b. lying c. scolding d. cheating 46 / 199 46) Human Development Index (HDI) is made of … Indicators a. 6 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 47 / 199 47) What are the most of the illnesses associated with poverty? a. Infectious diseases such as diarrheal disease, TB and malaria. b. Chronic illnesses such diabetes and high blood pressure. c. Preventable diseases including measles, tetanus and diphtheria. d. Lung diseases such as cancer and pneumonia. 48 / 199 48) ……. are concerned with satisfying the physiological, safety, and belonging needs of followers. These leaders exchange rewards and privileges for desirable outcomes a. Authoritative b. Transformational c. Democratic d. Transactional 49 / 199 49) What is the difference between Primary Health Care (PHC) and Primary Care (PC) in Cambodia context? a. PC is occurring at the first contact between health workers and clients /patients and is part PHC. b. PHC is care provided at health center level. c. PHC and PC is completely different from each other d. PHC is part of PC 50 / 199 50) What are the leading sources of inefficiency of health system leakages? a. Waste, corruption and fraud b. Complexity, fraud and misdiagnose c. Technical errors, inappropriate level d. Misdiagnose, Waste timing, Complexity 51 / 199 51) What are the main components of health sector reform in Cambodia? a. Hospital reform, Health center reform and Health information. b. Re-organization of management structure; Re-defining function and service package of each level; HRD reform; and financial reform c. Rational distribution of resources and structural reform d. Budget and HRD reforms 52 / 199 52) What are the two priority activities to shape the assessment in health system assessment approach? a. Identify the needs and priorities of the clients, identify a team leader and assemble as assessment team b. Prepare building block profiles and identify SWOT c. Prepare a contact list and interview the key informants at national and sub-national level d. Customize the logistic checklist, prepare the assessment budget e. Review underlying causes of health problem areas 53 / 199 53) What is the greatest global challenge and indispensable equipment for sustainable development? a. No hunger. b. Weak infrastructure. c. Poor health. d. Poverty eradication 54 / 199 54) To enable active citizen involvement National Assembly of Thailand signed National Health Security Act in 2002, to support the…. representatives in the National Health Security Board” a. Elite b. Health experts c. Oligarch d. Civil Societal Organization. 55 / 199 55) Diffusion of Innovation Theory explains how, over time, an idea or product gains momentum and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or social system. The end result of this diffusion is that people, as part of a social system, adopt a new idea, behavior, or product. To have such adoption, … of the people is needed to start the change because 34% of “Early Adopters” and 34% of “’Late Adopters” will follow. a. 16% b. 25% c. 35% d. 30% 56 / 199 56) The budget for drugs in rural hospital increased from only thousand dollars a year to …. due to freezing capital investment in urban hospitals. a. 10,000 USD b. 30,000 USD. c. 20,000USD d. 15,000USD 57 / 199 57) The 5 key points including in the declaration by Cambodia and development partners on enhancing aid effectiveness in October 2006 are as follows: a. Harmonization, alignment, ownership, managing for results and mutual accountability. b. Alignment, sharing resources, leveraging domestic investment, ownership and good management. c. Ownership, mutual accountability, sharing vision, good health program management. d. Ownership, mutual responsibility, sharing vision, joint monitoring and evaluation. 58 / 199 58) What are the goals of the MDGs that Cambodia are met by 2015? a. Goal 8 (develop a global partnership for development), Goal 6 (combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other communicable diseases), Goal 5 (improve maternal health), and Goal 4 (reduce child mortality). b. Goal 4 (reduce child mortality), Goal 2 (achieve universal primary education), and Goal 3 (promote gender equality). c. Goal 2 (achieve universal primary education), Goal 5 (improve maternal health), and Goal 8 (develop a global partnership for development). d. Goal 2 (achieve universal primary education), Goal 4 (reduce child mortality), and Goal 6 (combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other communicable diseases). 59 / 199 59) Choose the correct answer: a. B: UHC Universal Health Coverage is just a dream that cannot be realized b. C: UHC Universal Health Coverage is just a dream that can be realized in rich countries c. D: UHC Universal Health Coverage is just a dream for propaganda d. A: UHC Universal Health Coverage is just a dream that can be realized for every country 60 / 199 60) The health system performance criteria are as follows: a. Equity, efficiency, accessibility, quality and sustainability. b. Well structure of health system, regular supervision and monitoring program, having a clear vision and mission of health system and regular updated the health strategic plan. c. Good health for all people, financial risk protection, reducing the catastrophic for health expenditure and financial sustainability d. Good health and well-being, improved responsiveness, good quality of health care and gender equity. 61 / 199 61) How is community involved in health system? a. Through health center management committee (HCMC), Village health support group (VHSG) and Village Health Volunteers (VHV) b. Through commune or Sangkat council c. Through attending health center management committee HCMC meeting d. Through outreach activities 62 / 199 62) What is the horizontal equity for receiving health care? a. Accessing good quality of health care for all people b. Equal care and treatment of equal need c. People have right to have better care d. Children and adults have to equal access health care services e. Gender equity to access health care 63 / 199 63) Leadership: The definition of … is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results a. absurdity b. stupidity c. insanity d. folly 64 / 199 64) What are the three main impacts of the strong health care system? a. Diseases controlled, good life style and no hunger b. Gender equity, good quality of health care services and poverty reduction c. Strong political will, achieving health development goals and good governance d. Poverty elimination, financial sustainability and e. Responsiveness, risk protection and improved health 65 / 199 65) The principle of …., father of modern medicine and public health in Thailand: Put the public interest firs, self-interest as second a. King Mongkut b. King Bhumibol c. Prince Mahidol d. King Vajiralongkorn 66 / 199 66) The 2009 Common Country Assessment (of the United Nations in Cambodia) analyzed the causes of major interactions between rights holder and duty bearers. These are 1) Rule of law 2) Dynamics of Poverty and 3) ……… a. Local ownership b. Dynamics of participation c. Governance d. Community participation 67 / 199 67) What are the three fundamental health financing challenges for universal coverage? a. Raise sufficient funds for health, ensure financial risk protection, minimize inefficiency and inequity in using resources b. Assure transparency in managing resources, build trust with all partners, ensure strong partnership with all stakeholders c. Assure transparency in managing donor aids, raise sufficient funds for health, assure accountability in managing the resources d. Ensure financial risk protection, assure accountability in managing the grant, create enabling environment to improve health 68 / 199 68) How can poverty be measured and monitored by UNDP for developing countries? a. The Watts Index b. Poverty Severity Index c. Poverty cannot be measured d. Human Poverty Index e. Headcount Index 69 / 199 69) What is the definition of health? a. Health is a complete and good physical health b. Health is having long life c. Health is the absence of disease or illnesses d. Heal this a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not only the absence of disease or infirmity 70 / 199 70) The population-based community health profiles to monitor health status and to identify community health problems are as follows: a. Understand health issues of the communities b. Identification of health risks, attention to vital statistics, identification of assets & resources c. Maintenance of population health registries d. Manage and communicate health data e. Know how healthy the people in community 71 / 199 71) By the end of 2015 Cambodia achieved some MDG, what are these goals? a. MDG 1, MDG 4, MDG 7 and MDG 9 b. MDG 4, MDG 5, MDG 6 and MDG 8 c. MDG 8, MDG 2, MDG 7 and MDG 1 d. MDG 3, MDG 6, MDG 2 and MDG 7 e. MDG 5, MDG 1, MDG 9 and MDG 2 72 / 199 72) The 2015 MDG related to health are as follows: a. Improve maternal health, eradicate poverty and improving child health b. Eradicate poverty, no huger and improve maternal health c. Combat HIV, malaria and other diseases and poverty eradication d. Reduce child mortality, improve maternal health and combat HIV, malaria and other diseases e. Improve child health, eradicate poverty and promote gender equality 73 / 199 73) In the background of the UHC, Human security recognizes that forced payments for healthcare are source of …. a. social unrest b. insecurity c. indignity d. disparity 74 / 199 74) The leading sources of inefficiency of health workers are: a. Shortage of health professional, misdistribution of health workers b. Inappropriate or costly staff mix, unmotivated health workers c. Limited capacity of human resource institution, poor leadership d. Limited capacity of health workers, poor management of health services 75 / 199 75) The 2030 SDG addressing social dimensions are as follows: a. Poverty, Hunger, Health, Human settlements and People b. Poverty, Health, Human settlements, Gender and Infrastructure c. Gender, Health, Hunger, Poverty and Education d. Water sanitation, Health, Poverty, Infrastructure and People e. Health, Education, Gender, Water sanitation and Infrastructure 76 / 199 76) Referring to the 2009 Common Country Assessment (of the United Nations in Cambodia) the participation of right holders (beneficiaries) is constrained by low awareness of rights and low capacity of rights holders (a consequence of poor educational levels), low trust in institutions, low social cohesion, and …… a. lack of confidence b. fear of participation c. low opportunity for participation d. low peer support 77 / 199 77) To make equitable, quality and efficient health system and financial protection, Thailand …. a. increases capital investment in rural facilities b. increases capital investment in urban hospital c. freezes capital investment in urban hospital for 5 years and shift the budget to build rural facilities d. decreases capital investment in rural facilities 78 / 199 78) Poverty is perceived in various ways. How to define poverty? a. Poverty continues to be pervasive and difficult to deal with b. Poverty refers to inequality of people living in the community c. Poverty refers to no assets and no foods d. c. In general, poverty is the inability of people to meet economic, social and other standards of well-being 79 / 199 79) The reasons why the health insurance are not important? a. It has a difficulty for pooling the funds b. It is a complex financial systems for building trusty among the insured and insurers c. It is too complicated for funding management d. It has been introduced for wrong reason, conceptually difficult to explain, administratively more complex and needs extra resources e. It is a costly scheme 80 / 199 80) How to mobilize assessment team in the health system assessment approach? a. Prepare building block profiles and identify the SWOT b. Summarize initial findings and recommendations c. Identify the needs and priorities of the clients d. Prepare the contact list and interview the key informants e. Customize the logistic checklist and field visit calendar, prepare the assessment budget, schedule and conduct team planning meeting 81 / 199 81) Universal health coverage includes financial risk protection, access to quality essential healthcare services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for … a. privilege group b. the majority of population c. all d. those who can afford 82 / 199 82) The World’s Largest Lesson and SDG: The first global issue is the climate change and the second is the … Some people are having far more than they need. A most of people do not have nearly enough a. quality of life b. life satisfaction c. inequality d. jealousy 83 / 199 83) Health Assembly Thailand: Health Policy Process is composed of … a. 1) Setting the agenda 2) Adopting policy resolution 3) Implement the selected policy option 4) Evaluate the policy b. 1) Setting the agenda 2) Convince stakeholders 3) Creating Policy Option 4) Implement the selected policy option 5) Evaluate the policy c. 1) Setting the agenda 2) Finding Evidence base 3) Creating Policy Option 4) Adopting policy resolution 5) Implement the selected policy option 6) Evaluate the policy d. 1) Setting the agenda 2) Finding Evidence base 3) Mobilize the resources 4) Implement the selected policy option 5) Evaluate the policy 84 / 199 84) Public Health Introduction: What are the social determinants of health? a. The social determinants of health are 1) individual characteristics lifestyle and behaviors 2) physical environment 3) economic environment b. The social determinants of health are 1) individual characteristics lifestyle and behaviors 2) physical environment 3) social environment 4) economic environment c. The social determinants of health are 1) individual characteristics lifestyle and behaviors 2) physical environment d. The social determinants of health are 1) individual characteristics lifestyle and behaviors 2) economic environment 85 / 199 85) Real governance, encompassing both the formal and informal rules governing …. of health care, and both the formal and informal ways in which the rules are made, changed, monitored and enforced whether in the government-centered, building-block or institutional approach to health system governance a. the administration b. the management c. the operation d. the demand and supply 86 / 199 86) Health is ……………. a. A privilege b. A commodity c. A right for everybody d. Neither a right nor a privilege 87 / 199 87) Thailand: The essential drugs have more than …. items from paracetamol to expensive drugs. a. 600 b. 500 c. 800 d. 700 88 / 199 88) Thailand have so many military governments in the past. We don’t like it. But believe me or not every time we have military government is …. for health development and health system reform. a. not time b. the best time c. the worst time d. a good time 89 / 199 89) What are the main factors associated with health and poverty? a. Poor water supply and sanitation, poor quality of health care system, weak infrastructure, and limited capacity of health work forces. b. Weak infrastructure, poor sanitation, re-emerging diseases, climate changes, and gender inequality. c. Environmental and social changes, political instability, and low quality of health care services. d. Hunger, poor water supply and sanitation, infectious diseases and non- communicable diseases, mal-nourished and catastrophic health expenditures. 90 / 199 90) What is the main cause of catastrophic health expenditure? a. Spending for improving health facilities b. Spending for improving the capacity of health care workers c. Spending for high technology of medical equipment d. Spending for medicines and vaccines supply e. Out-of-pocket payments 91 / 199 91) What are the key components of the World Health Assembly Resolution (WHR) in 2005 to urge countries to develop health financing system? a. Assure people receiving the quality of health care and no barriers to access health services b. Ensure the efficacy of the health insurance scheme and expand the implementation of health equity funds c. Assure adequate health staff and with high capacity and ability to manage cases d. Ensure no financial risk and no barriers to receive health care services e. Ensure all people have access to needed services and without the risk of financial ruin linked to paying for care 92 / 199 92) What is the Target 8 of the 2030 SDG? a. Reduce MMR to less than 70%per 100,000 lives birth b. End of TB and Malaria epidemic c. End of HIV epidemic d. Achieve Universal Health coverage including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health care services e. End of neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis 93 / 199 93) The tipping point to move the mountain are 1) Three groups of people 2) …….3) Stickiness of the issues a. Good communication b. Conducive environment c. Hierarchical control d. Clarification of roles and responsibilities 94 / 199 94) Based on the National Health in 2016, Out of Pocket expenditure (OOP) as compared to Total Health Expenditure (THE) in Cambodia is … a. 40% b. 30% c. 50% d. 60% 95 / 199 95) Social protection goes further and addresses the vulnerability of people who have fallen ill through services for relief from deprivation thus tackling …. causes of inequity and power imbalances a. more structural b. peripheral c. subsidiary d. trivial 96 / 199 96) Cambodia Per Capita GDP were …. USD in 2020. a. 1300 b. 1500 c. 1700 d. 2000 97 / 199 97) Health Assembly Thailand: Health problems are turning into social issues. Fixing social issue needs …. a. Ministry of Social Welfare b. more budget from donors c. help from society itself d. Ministry of health 98 / 199 98) Financial protection refers to the economic consequences of disease and in practice signals arrangements for access to care of decent quality and for ensuring income and financial support in case of illness. The ability of a country’s health system to offer financial protection to its population is an important factor …. the health system. a. in creating trust towards b. for improving the quality in c. for increasing a burden t d. in creating a better use of 99 / 199 99) The human right to health and healthcare means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, which includes access to … medical services, sanitation, adequate food, decent housing, healthy environment a. most of b. some c. inexpensive d. all 100 / 199 100) In Universal Health Coverage 1) X axis represents Population Coverage 2) Y axis represents Financial Protection 3) Z axis represents a. pacesetting b. delegation c. depth of services d. laissez-faire 101 / 199 101) Thailand achieved UHC when the country Per Capita GDP were …. USD (in 2002). a. 2100 b. 1900 c. 3000 d. 2500 102 / 199 102) Health system dynamics framework emphasizes that a health system should be geared towards outcomes and goals, but jointly adds that they are, and indeed should be, based on explicit choices of…… a. funding agencies b. health technologies c. leadership style d. values and principles 103 / 199 103) The leading sources of inefficiency of medicines include: a. Inappropriate hospital admission, error in clinical diagnosis, and waste of medicines for unnecessary. b. Underuse of generic medicines and higher than necessary price, use of sub-standard and counterfeit medicines, inappropriate and ineffective use of medicines c. Use of sub-standard and counterfeit medicines, overuse of diagnostic services d. Inadequate funding support for medicines supply, error in quantification and forecasting the medicine needed 104 / 199 104) The integrated health system dynamics framework acknowledges that social, economic, political and other factors are major …. of health and the well-being of people. a. issues of b. Consequences of c. Determinants of d. factors of 105 / 199 105) Software refers to …. the health systems, such as ‘the ideas and interests, values and norms and affinities and power that guide actions and underpin the relationships among system actors and elements a. the administration of b. the installation of the website application in c. the management of d. less visible and quantifiable components of 106 / 199 106) Health system dynamics framework framework consisting of ten elements and their dynamic interactions: 1) goals and outcomes; 2) values and principles; 3) service delivery; 4) ……….; 5) the context; 6) leadership & governance; and 7-10) the organization of resources (finances; human resources; infrastructure and supplies; knowledge and information). a. Health experts b. The population c. Donor agencies d. Social media 107 / 199 107) Transactional leadership focus on …. whereas transformational leadership is about exploration a. exploitation b. pacesetting c. delegation d. laissez-faire 108 / 199 108) What is the global Target 1 of the 2030 SDG? a. Reduce by 50% the number of deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents b. End of HIV and TB epidemic c. Reduce maternal mortality rate (MMR) to less than 70 % per 100,000 lives birth d. Reduce number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals e. Reduce by 1/3 premature mortality from non- communicable diseases (NCD) by 2030 109 / 199 109) The main steps in the health system assessment approach include: a. Organize data collection, data analysis and result distributions b. Mobilize resources for data collection, start data collection, prepare data analysis and disseminate report c. Conduct Training the data collectors, data collection and data analysis d. Shape the assessment, mobilize the assessment team, collect the data, analyze the findings and prepare the assessment report e. Analyze the situation, using the finding and making decision 110 / 199 110) What are the environmental dimensions included in 2030 SDG? a. Water sanitation, Human settlements, Consumption, Planet and Infrastructure. b. Consumption, Land & ecosystems, Hunger, Planet and Poverty. c. Land & ecosystems, Oceans, Climate, Consumption and Water sanitation. d. Oceans, Climate, Poverty, Hunger and Water sanitation. 111 / 199 111) On Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Thailand started to cover the poor in 1975 when Per Capita GDP was …USD. a. 500 b. 1000 c. 1500 d. 375 112 / 199 112) The major role of consumers in health system is: a. Increasing knowledge about health care b. Addressing health care behaviors c. Involving in improving the quality of health care services d. Improving access to health service 113 / 199 113) Income and wealth inequalities gives more space to particular interest groups to shape decisions in their favor. Those privileged can capture…., molding it to fit their preferences, potentially leading to even more inequalities (Human Development Report, HDR 2019 of the United Nations) a. the opportunity b. the situation c. the system d. the network 114 / 199 114) In the background of the UHC, solidarity implies that the burden of funding healthcare be distributed fairly, and that the better-off should … the worst -off. a. not assist b. assist c. not care d. ignore 115 / 199 115) Thailand achieved UHC with comprehensive package and almost no co-payment in …. a. In 2015 b. In 2010 c. In 2017 d. In 2002 116 / 199 116) What are the impacts of good performance of health system? a. High service coverage, Good governance, Good quality of health services b. Financial sustainability, Risk protection and Gender equity c. Good quality of health services, increase accessibility and financial sustainability d. Responsiveness, Good governance, high services coverage e. Responsiveness, Risk protection, improved health 117 / 199 117) In Thailand the disparity is revealed that 1% of richest group holds …. of country wealth a. 47% b. 67% c. 37% d. 57% 118 / 199 118) In the background of the UHC, Human dignity recognizes that inequalities in access to treatment or gross disparities in health outcomes creates … a. social unrest b. disparity c. insecurity d. indignity 119 / 199 119) What is the Target 3.8 of the 2030 SDG? a. Achieve Universal Health coverage including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health care services b. End of TB and Malaria epidemic c. Reduce MMR to less than 70%per 100,000 lives birth d. End of HIV epidemic 120 / 199 120) How many goals does Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have? a. 10 b. 9 c. 17 d. 12 121 / 199 121) The key activities to Sharpe the assessment of health system performance are as follows: a. Identify the needs and the profiles of the clients, identify the assessment team leader, agree on the scope, time frame and the dates of the assessment, identify the topic areas to focus on the client’s priority questions, and engage stakeholders on the assessment process. b. Identify the key players involving in the assessment, design the assessment protocol, develop the assessment questionnaires and tools, circulate these assessment materials with key partners, and organize the meeting to finalize the assessment’s questions. c. Identify the concern health programs, discuss with the key stakeholders about the topics for the assessment, organize the brainstorming sessions to select the relevant assessment information, conduct the pre-test to identify the assessment needs, and develop the assessment protocol. d. Identify the assessment team, develop the assessment protocol, formulate the common rules for conducting the assessment, design the assessment questionnaires, organize the consensus workshop to finalize the assessment materials. 122 / 199 122) The Foolish Old Man … the Mountain a. destroys b. moves c. ignores d. bypasses 123 / 199 123) Universal Health Coverage (UHC) means access to comprehensive health care services, from health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, long-term and palliative care , without financial barrier or poverty from medical bill. a. With affordable medical bill. b. Without expensive medical bill. c. With reasonable medical bill. d. without financial barrier or poverty from medical bill. 124 / 199 124) To address human resource issue Thailand adopts the policy in rural recruitment, local training and …. compulsory public works, motivation and incentives a. Hometown placement b. Ministry of health decision c. Alternative Placement d. Placement with exam merit 125 / 199 125) What is the target of the 2030 SDG related to communicable diseases? a. By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, TB, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water borne diseases and other communicable diseases. b. By 2030, end the epidemics of all infectious diseases. c. By 2030, elimination of non- communicable diseases. d. By 2030, elimination the HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. 126 / 199 126) The major role of contributors in health system is: a. Supervising and monitoring b. Providing technical expertise c. Sharing experiences d. Financing 127 / 199 127) The key targets of social health insurance include: a. To build the capacity of health workers, to build trust for using resources in health system and to increase motivation of health workforces b. To leverage the domestic investments for health, to increase the access to health care services and to protect financial risk c. To mobilize resources for upgrading health services, to improve the quality assurance of health care facilities and to decrease the mortality among poor people d. To generate sufficient and sustainable resources for health, to use the resources optimally and to ensure everyone has financial accessibility to health services e. To ensure the availability of health services, to prevent poor people from the infection diseases 128 / 199 128) What is the main role of providers in health system? a. Creation of innovative approach b. Production of good and services c. Production of health policy and guidelines d. Provision of health care services 129 / 199 129) To conceptualize health system governance, Government-centered approach focus on …., the government, above or to the exclusion of non-government health system actors; a. key stakeholder b. key player c. key actor d. leading institution 130 / 199 130) What are the 3 main functions of health financing? a. Finding enough money and financial risk protection to services consumers b. Finding enough money and spend it efficiently; and ensure that all people have access to care c. Health insurance, paying health services and good budgeting d. Revenue generation/collection; resource pooling; and purchasing of services 131 / 199 131) What are the important characteristics of health system? a. Simplicity, systematic, gender equity and embedded in cultural context b. Flexibility, reducing poverty, political will and social norm. c. Complexity, conflict, embedded in social context and political process d. Rigidity, increasing health conditions, complexity and political support. 132 / 199 132) What is the main role of health center within the context of Minimum Package of Activities (MPA)? a. Role of HC is to provide quality basic and essential package of services called MPA to all population, especially poor and vulnerable. b. HC role is to provide good treatment to patients within its catchment area c. HC is mainly playing important role in health prevention, including vaccination d. HC role is to deliver communicable diseases and MCH services 133 / 199 133) Investing in health care system not only saves lives, it is also a crucial investment in the wider economy. This is because ill-health impairs productivity, hinders job prospects and adversely affects …. a. human security b. human capital development c. human resource d. human dignity 134 / 199 134) The main challenges of donors funding to support health sector are as follows: a. Duplication in terms of resources allocation one health service and funding gap for some area health services b. Limited capacity of local authorities for managing funding support and low motivation of health managers for using donors funding c. Lack of incentives to support health staff and high pressure from donors in managing their grants d. Duplication in terms of geographical areas of donor support and no financial management procedures e. Poor coordination within donors and no funding mechanism for health 135 / 199 135) The true success is not in the learning, but in its application to the benefit of …. a. mankind b. the entrepreneur c. vulnerable people d. the learner 136 / 199 136) Health Assembly Thailand: Heath systems in Thailand are well recognized. But heath issues have changed from previous kinds of illness and diseases. For this reason, the …. has supported the development of Healthy Public Policy instead of public health policy a. National Health Commission b. Development Partners c. NGOs d. Ministry of Health 137 / 199 137) The options to encourage greater efficiency of health services are as follows: a. Provide regular mentoring for health care providers and organize refresher courses for health staff b. Ensure high quality of health services, Recruit good ability of health care workers c. Introduce continuum of care, Ensure enough medicines and commodities supply d. Provide more continuity of care, monitor hospital performance and improve regulatory capacity 138 / 199 138) WHO organized the health system into six building blocks as follows: a. Health financing system, leverage domestic investment, population coverage, immunization program, communicable disease control system and health insurance system b. Leadership and stewardship, health service deliveries, human resources development, quality assurance for health care services, governance and management system and medical products c. Health workforces, health facilities, health care cascades, public health services, health promotion and health literacy d. Leadership and governance, health financing, service delivery, human resources for health, medical products, vaccines and technologies and health information e. Preventive services, leadership and management system, health education, health relate research agenda, health planning and strategic information system 139 / 199 139) Health Assembly Thailand: The uniqueness of Health Assembly Process is that it allows … to get involved a. private sector b. community c. every sector of the society d. clinicians 140 / 199 140) How to mobilize the assessment team for health system performance assessment? a. Identify the assessment team leader and members, develop the field monitoring checklist and prepare the budget for conducting the assessment. b. Request the budget for conducting the assessment, identify the assessment team leader, and discuss with key stakeholders to get an agreement on schedule and dates for conducting the assessment. c. Customize the logistics checklist and field visit calendar, prepare the assessment budget, schedule and conduct the meeting for team planning. d. Prepare the logistics supply management, prepare the assessment team, and sensitization the stakeholders on the assessment. 141 / 199 141) The 2030 SDG related to health is mainly focused on: a. Ending hunger and achieving food security b. Ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages c. Achieving gender equality and empower all women and girls d. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all e. Ending poverty in all its forms every where 142 / 199 142) What are the main determinants for health? a. Good medical treatment, drugs and sufficient human resources b. Income and social status; Employment and working conditions; Education and literacy; Physical environments; Social supports and coping skills; Healthy behaviors; Gender and others; and Access to health services. c. Good infrastructures, well trained personnel and enough financial resource d. Health service delivery and human resources for health 143 / 199 143) Economic crisis has a ……… impact on the expansion of UHC coverage in Thailand a. significant b. severe c. insignificant d. enormous 144 / 199 144) With UHC coverage expansion, life expectancy at birth in Thailand increases from 70.3 years old in1998 to … years old in 2014 a. 73 b. 72 c. 75 d. 71 145 / 199 145) Actor is a stakeholder who interacts with our system, either directly or indirectly. … Actors are Stakeholders a. Some b. Most c. All d. None of 146 / 199 146) Triangle that moves the mountain is consist of 1) Policy Makers 2) Academia/ Services providers 3) …. a. People b. Donors c. Civil societies d. Vulnerable Populations 147 / 199 147) The target 6.A of goal 6 to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other communicable diseases, is: a. Have achieved by 2015, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS. b. Have achieved by 2015, universal access to TB care and treatment. c. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases d. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS. 148 / 199 148) What is health system performance assessment? a. Health system performance assessment is a national program evaluation at the end of each funding cycle. b. Health system performance assessment is a regular monitoring to improve the health system. c. Health system performance assessment is a country wide program evaluation. d. Health system performance assessment is a country-owned process that allows the health system to be assessed holistically, a “health check” of the entire health system. 149 / 199 149) Power asymmetries can even lead to breakdowns in institutional functions, weakening the effectiveness …. When institutions are captured by the wealthy, citizens are less willing to be part of social contracts (the sets of rules and expectations of behavior that people voluntarily conform to that underpin stable societies). a. Of the programs b. Of public services c. Of policies d. Of health management 150 / 199 150) What is a greater impact where poor people are not covered by adequate health insurance? a. The vicious cycle of ill health b. Increasing mortality c. High poverty coverage d. Increasing morbidity of infectious diseases e. Loosing house and other facilities 151 / 199 151) Public figure needs to adopt ….to advocate for a Public Policy, to influence Public Opinion, to make Public Goods and Public Services accessible and affordable for people. a. democratic leadership b. authoritarian leadership c. transformational leadership d. transactional leadership 152 / 199 152) What are the new sources of domestic funds to support health sector? a. Sin taxes on tobacco and alcohol, excise tax on unhealthy food, levy on currency transaction b. Increased airfare taxes, increased tax on cosmetic products c. Micro-insurance, pre-payment with sub-sequent d. Increased tax yield from 9.9% to 11% of GDP, 153 / 199 153) WHO describes the building blocks of health system, what are these building blocks? a. Health work force, health service delivery, health information, health financing, medical products, vaccines and technologies, and governance. b. Revitalizing primary health care, high standard of health care, political stability, community involvement, improving health for all and reducing catastrophic health expenditure. c. Governance, accountability, responsibility, high quality of health service, enough supply for medical products and regular monitoring system. d. Health promotion, prevention of diseases, building the capacity of health staff, using high technology in health system, selected primary health care and stewardship. 154 / 199 154) Hardware refers to…… health systems’ such as finance, medical supplies, information systems, human resources, infrastructure, the organizational structures to provide policies, services, and interventions and their intended targets, users and beneficiaries; a. concrete and tangible expressions of b. logistics of c. commodities in d. the installation of computers in the 155 / 199 155) Who decides the right to health of the people? a. Local authority b. National Health Security Office c. Ministry of Health d. Health experts 156 / 199 156) The three components to support service delivery in the building block interactions of health system are as follows: a. Health workforce, health information system, medical products b. Health care services, health education program and health promotion service c. vaccines and medical technology d. Health care workers, health promotion services, prevention services e. Health literacy service, immunization activities, health information system 157 / 199 157) What is a key question to keep people informed about health issues and healthy choices? a. How well do we keep our community to be safe? b. How well do we keep our people to better understand their health status? c. How well do we keep our people to involve in public health activities? d. How well do we keep our people to protect themselves from the infectious diseases? e. How well do we keep all people and segments of our community informed about health issues? 158 / 199 158) Informal interactions are …. communication in non-working places like rest room, corridor after work in coffee break time using spoken language sometimes with emotions a. a top down b. an official c. a hierarchical d. a non-task-oriented 159 / 199 159) National Health Security Office makes a decision on annual health priority packages depending on …. a. Policy maker, Health expert, Health product, Health innovation, patient representatives b. Policy maker, Health expert, public health analyst, Health innovation, patient representatives c. Policy maker, Health expert, Health product, public health analyst, Health innovation. d. Policy maker, Health expert, Health product, public health analyst, Health innovation, patient representatives 160 / 199 160) National Health Security Office (NHSO) creates participatory governing structures with …. a. transparent and accountable process b. governing board c. the involvement of development partners d. clear roles and responsibilities of constituencies 161 / 199 161) What are the three inter-related health financing strategic options for universal health coverage proposed by world health resolutions (WHR) in 2010? a. Raise sufficient funds for health, reduce heavy reliance on direct out-of-pockets payment and eliminate inefficient use of resources. b. Increase funding allocation for health, reduce out-of-pockets payment and increase government investment in health. c. Reduce unnecessary payment for health, increase external aid for health sector and increase the contribution of private sector for health. d. Reduce the burden of the infectious diseases, reduce donors funding for health and increase the government contribution for health 162 / 199 162) The essential service 4 in the local public health system assessment is: a. Identify health threats b. Improve formal and informal partnership to promote health c. Mobilize community partnerships to identity & solve health problems d. Develop constituency and identify community partnership 163 / 199 163) What is the target of goal 4 of MDGs to reduce child mortality? a. Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the child mortality rate. b. Reduce by half, between 1990 and 2015, the infant mortality rate. c. Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. d. Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the infant mortality rate. 164 / 199 164) What are the three levels of responsibility of public health system in Cambodia? a. Public health service, private health care and primary health care. b. National hospital, referral hospital and health center. c. Central health ministry, provincial health department and operational health district. d. National programs for disease control, operational district for health service and primary health care. 165 / 199 165) Why health system assessment is important? a. Health system performance assessment is important because of the multiple relationships and interactions between health system functions and programs. b. Health system performance assessment is important because of the donor funding requirement. c. Health system performance assessment is important because of the strong country leadership d. Health system performance assessment is important because of the government accountability to funding agencies. 166 / 199 166) What is the essential service 5 in the local public health system assessment? a. Inform decision marking choice b. Develop skills and behaviors for healthy living c. Build knowledge and shape attitudes d. Develop policies & plan that support individual & community health efforts 167 / 199 167) Five big mountains in the UHC of Thailand are 1) Political Commitments 2) …. 3) Power struggle- MOPH and providers Vs NHSO and people 4) Sustainability – People’s ownership and innovative financing 5) Evidence informed decision – to support decision to prioritized actions and investments a. Provider engagement b. Provider satisfactions c. Provider dissatisfactions d. Provider involvement 168 / 199 168) Select the correct statement a. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) can only be started in High Income Countries b. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) can be started in Upper Middle-Income Countries c. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) can be started regardless to country economic status d. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) can be started Lower Middle-Income Countries 169 / 199 169) The first three steps to guide the assessment of community health needs are as follows: a. Identify and engage stakeholders, define community, and collect and analyze data. b. Identify community leaders, communicate with different stakeholders, formulate the procedures for community health needs assessment and collect data. c. Negotiate with key partners, involve community leaders, and develop the assessment tools. d. Identify keys partners, negotiate with partners, develop assessment questionnaires and conduct pre-test for field assessment. 170 / 199 170) Based on the National Health in 2016, Government Expenditure for health as compared to Total Health Expenditure (THE) in Cambodia is … a. 52% b. 22% c. 32% d. 42%
