Histologie Preparation (Pr. Chhut Sereyvathana)

/90

946

1 / 90

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

d. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

e. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

2 / 90

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

b. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

c. There are six layers to the epidermis.

d. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

3 / 90

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

4 / 90

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. capsule

b. hilus

c. cortex

d. pelvis

e. medulla

5 / 90

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. hair follicle.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. sebaceous gland.

6 / 90

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. cuboidal cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes

d. pericytes

e. squamous cells.

7 / 90

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

8 / 90

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. papillae

d. medulla

e. calyx

9 / 90

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. fibroblasts

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocyte foot processes.

d. pericytes

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

10 / 90

10)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

11 / 90

11)

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

12 / 90

12)

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum granulosum.

13 / 90

13)

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

14 / 90

14)

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. dermis

b. stratum corneum of epidermis

c. hypodermis

d. papillary dermis

e. stratum basale of epidermis.

15 / 90

15)

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. hypodermis

b. sweat gland.

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. epidermis

16 / 90

16)

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

17 / 90

17)

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. proximal urethra.

b. renal pelvis.

c. bladder.

d. Bowman's capsule.

e. ureter.

18 / 90

18)

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. pilosebaceous unit

b. papillary dermis

c. stratum granulosum

d. hairy skin

e. hair follicle

19 / 90

19)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

20 / 90

20)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

21 / 90

21)

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. mammary glands.

b. submucosal glands.

c. eccrine sweat glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. lymphatic glands.

22 / 90

22)

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. lamina propria

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. mucosa

23 / 90

23)

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

24 / 90

24)

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. hypodermis

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. lamina propria

d. stratum corneum

e. reticular layer of dermis.

25 / 90

25)

Podocytes are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

26 / 90

26)

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. thin skin

b. stratum basale

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum spinosum

27 / 90

27)

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 nanometers.

c. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 micrometers.

e. 300 and 350 micrometers.

28 / 90

28)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

29 / 90

29)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

c. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

d. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

e. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

30 / 90

30)

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

b. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

31 / 90

31)

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. mesangial cells.

b. capillary fenestrations.

c. capillary endothelial cells.

d. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

e. podocyte foot processes

32 / 90

32)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

c. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

33 / 90

33)

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. epidermis

c. lamina propria

d. mucosa

e. hypodermis

34 / 90

34)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

35 / 90

35)

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

b. endothelium.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. transitional epithelium.

36 / 90

36)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

37 / 90

37)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

38 / 90

38)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

39 / 90

39)

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. hypodermis

c. dermis

d. epidermis

e. mucosa

40 / 90

40)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

41 / 90

41)

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

42 / 90

42)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

43 / 90

43)

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

44 / 90

44)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

d. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

45 / 90

45)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

46 / 90

46)

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. mesangial cells.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes.

47 / 90

47)

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. vasa recta.

e. peritubular capillaries.

48 / 90

48)

The macula densa consists of:

a. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

c. modified smooth muscle cells.

d. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

e. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

49 / 90

49)

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. proximal convoluted tubule.

b. distal convoluted tubule.

c. collecting duct.

d. loop of Henle.

e. glomerulus.

50 / 90

50)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

51 / 90

51)

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. afferent arterioles.

52 / 90

52)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

b. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

53 / 90

53)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

e. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

54 / 90

54)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

55 / 90

55)

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. mesangium.

d. vascular pole.

e. area cribosa.

56 / 90

56)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

e. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

57 / 90

57)

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

58 / 90

58)

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

b. epidermis and dermis.

c. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

d. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

e. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

59 / 90

59)

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. fenestrated endothelium.

b. continuous endothelium.

c. podocytes foot processes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

60 / 90

60)

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. hair follicle.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

61 / 90

61)

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

62 / 90

62)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

63 / 90

63)

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

64 / 90

64)

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. arrector pili muscle

b. Meissner's corpuscles

c. epidermal appendages

d. sweat gland ducts

e. dermal papillae

65 / 90

65)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

b. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

c. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

66 / 90

66)

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. hilus.

c. calyx.

d. medulla.

e. cortex.

67 / 90

67)

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. calyx

d. papillae

e. medulla

68 / 90

68)

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. papillae

b. columns of Bertin.

c. medullary rays.

d. calyces

e. renal lobules.

69 / 90

69)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

70 / 90

70)

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. pelvis.

c. calyx.

d. medulla.

e. cortex

71 / 90

71)

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum basale

e. thick skin

72 / 90

72)

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. melanocytes

b. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

c. fibroblasts

d. Merkel cells.

e. Langerhans cells.

73 / 90

73)

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. smooth muscle.

b. columnar epithelium.

c. lymphocytes

d. squamous epithelium.

e. glandular epithelium.

74 / 90

74)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

75 / 90

75)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

b. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

76 / 90

76)

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

77 / 90

77)

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. papilla

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. calyx

e. medulla

78 / 90

78)

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. area cribosa.

b. vascular pole.

c. mesangium

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

79 / 90

79)

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

80 / 90

80)

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. melanocyte

b. myoepithelial cell

c. keratinocyte

d. Merkel cell

e. Langerhans cell

81 / 90

81)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

82 / 90

82)

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. macula densa.

d. podocytes.

e. transitional epithelium.

83 / 90

83)

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. urea.

b. renin.

c. aldosterone.

d. antiduretic hormone.

e. angiotensinogen.

84 / 90

84)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

85 / 90

85)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

86 / 90

86)

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. melanocyte

b. fibroblast

c. Langerhans cell

d. keratinocyte

e. myoepithelial cell

87 / 90

87)

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. apocrine sweat glands.

b. hair follicles.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. arrector pili.

e. sweat glands.

88 / 90

88)

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. podocytes

c. pericytes

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

89 / 90

89)

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. afferent arteries.

b. interlobular arteries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. interlobar arteries.

90 / 90

90)

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

d. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

e. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

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The average score is 86%

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និស្សិតអាចប្រាប់មកកាន់ពួកយើងបានដើម្បីកែកំហុស ឬអំពីបញ្ហាដោយអចេតនាណាមួយដែលកើតមានកំឡុងពេលធ្វើតេស្ត