Histologie Preparation (Pr. Chhut Sereyvathana)

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943

1 / 90

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. area cribosa.

c. vascular pole.

d. urinary (tubular) pole

e. mesangium.

2 / 90

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

3 / 90

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. hair follicles.

d. sweat glands.

e. apocrine sweat glands.

4 / 90

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

5 / 90

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. hilus

b. capsule

c. medulla

d. cortex

e. pelvis

6 / 90

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum corneum of epidermis

b. dermis

c. stratum basale of epidermis.

d. hypodermis

e. papillary dermis

7 / 90

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. hair follicle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

8 / 90

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule.

9 / 90

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule.

c. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

10 / 90

10)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

11 / 90

11)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

e. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

12 / 90

12)

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

c. melanocytes

d. Merkel cells.

e. fibroblasts

13 / 90

13)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

14 / 90

14)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

15 / 90

15)

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. stratum basale

c. thick skin

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum corneum

16 / 90

16)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

17 / 90

17)

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. lamina propria

c. dermis

d. mucosa

e. epidermis

18 / 90

18)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

e. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

19 / 90

19)

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

20 / 90

20)

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

21 / 90

21)

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. papillae

b. pelvis

c. cortex

d. calyx

e. medulla

22 / 90

22)

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. hypodermis

c. epidermis

d. dermis

e. mucosa

23 / 90

23)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

24 / 90

24)

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. lymphatic glands.

b. eccrine sweat glands.

c. submucosal glands.

d. mammary glands.

e. sebaceous glands.

25 / 90

25)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

26 / 90

26)

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. area cribosa.

b. mesangium

c. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

d. vascular pole.

e. urinary (tubular) pole.

27 / 90

27)

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. sweat gland.

c. hypodermis

d. epidermis

e. papillary layer of dermis.

28 / 90

28)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

e. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

29 / 90

29)

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

30 / 90

30)

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. papilla

d. medulla

e. calyx

31 / 90

31)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

c. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

d. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

e. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

32 / 90

32)

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. afferent arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. interlobular arteries.

e. interlobar arteries.

33 / 90

33)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

34 / 90

34)

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. renal pelvis.

b. proximal urethra.

c. ureter.

d. Bowman’s capsule.

e. bladder.

35 / 90

35)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

d. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

e. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

36 / 90

36)

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. podocytes foot processes.

b. continuous endothelium.

c. fenestrated endothelium.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

37 / 90

37)

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum corneum.

38 / 90

38)

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum basale

e. thin skin

39 / 90

39)

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

40 / 90

40)

The basement membrane lies between:

a. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

b. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

c. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

d. epidermis and dermis.

e. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

41 / 90

41)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

42 / 90

42)

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. hypodermis

c. mucosa

d. lamina propria

e. epidermis

43 / 90

43)

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. cuboidal cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. squamous cells.

d. podocytes

e. pericytes

44 / 90

44)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

45 / 90

45)

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. Bowman’s capsule epithelium.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

46 / 90

46)

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. lymphocytes

b. squamous epithelium.

c. glandular epithelium.

d. columnar epithelium.

e. smooth muscle.

47 / 90

47)

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. endothelium.

e. adipose connective tissue.

48 / 90

48)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

c. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

49 / 90

49)

Podocytes are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

50 / 90

50)

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. renal lobules.

b. medullary rays.

c. columns of Bertin.

d. papillae

e. calyces

51 / 90

51)

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman’s capsule epithelium.

b. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

52 / 90

52)

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. glomerulus.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. loop of Henle.

e. collecting duct.

53 / 90

53)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

54 / 90

54)

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

55 / 90

55)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

d. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

e. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

56 / 90

56)

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. macula densa.

b. mesangial cells.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes.

57 / 90

57)

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. efferent arterioles.

58 / 90

58)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

59 / 90

59)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

60 / 90

60)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

61 / 90

61)

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

62 / 90

62)

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. lamina propria

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. stratum corneum

e. hypodermis

63 / 90

63)

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 nanometers.

d. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

e. 300 and 350 micrometers.

64 / 90

64)

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. papillae.

c. calyx.

d. medulla.

e. cortex

65 / 90

65)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

66 / 90

66)

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. Merkel cell

c. keratinocyte

d. melanocyte

e. Langerhans cell

67 / 90

67)

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. myoepithelial cell

c. keratinocyte

d. Langerhans cell

e. melanocyte

68 / 90

68)

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. pilosebaceous unit

c. papillary dermis

d. hair follicle

e. hairy skin

69 / 90

69)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

b. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

70 / 90

70)

The macula densa consists of:

a. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

d. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

71 / 90

71)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

72 / 90

72)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

73 / 90

73)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

74 / 90

74)

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

d. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

75 / 90

75)

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

c. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

76 / 90

76)

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. sweat gland ducts

b. arrector pili muscle

c. dermal papillae

d. Meissner’s corpuscles

e. epidermal appendages

77 / 90

77)

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. podocytes

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. pericytes

e. fibroblasts

78 / 90

78)

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

e. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

79 / 90

79)

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

d. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

80 / 90

80)

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. mesangial cells.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes.

81 / 90

81)

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. medulla

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. papillae

e. calyx

82 / 90

82)

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule.

e. podocytes.

83 / 90

83)

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary endothelial cells.

b. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

c. capillary fenestrations.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. mesangial cells.

84 / 90

84)

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

85 / 90

85)

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. calyx.

c. medulla.

d. cortex.

e. hilus.

86 / 90

86)

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. podocyte foot processes.

b. fibroblasts

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. pericytes

e. mesangial cells.

87 / 90

87)

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

b. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

c. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

88 / 90

88)

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the ‘lines of greatest tension’.

c. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

89 / 90

89)

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. aldosterone.

b. renin.

c. antiduretic hormone.

d. urea.

e. angiotensinogen.

90 / 90

90)

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. sebaceous gland.

Your score is

The average score is 86%

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