Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. papillary dermis

c. hairy skin

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. hair follicle

2 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

c. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

d. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. There are six layers to the epidermis.

3 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. smooth muscle.

b. lymphocytes

c. squamous epithelium.

d. columnar epithelium.

e. glandular epithelium.

4 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. vasa recta.

e. afferent arterioles.

5 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. papillae

b. calyx

c. medulla

d. cortex

e. pelvis

6 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. sebaceous glands.

b. mammary glands.

c. submucosal glands.

d. eccrine sweat glands.

e. lymphatic glands.

7 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

8 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

c. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

d. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

e. epidermis and dermis.

9 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. epidermal appendages

b. sweat gland ducts

c. Meissner's corpuscles

d. dermal papillae

e. arrector pili muscle

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

d. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

12 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum granulosum

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

14 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. Langerhans cell

c. keratinocyte

d. fibroblast

e. melanocyte

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

e. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

16 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. lamina propria

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. mucosa

17 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. mesangial cells.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. podocytes.

18 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

19 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

20 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. hilus

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. capsule

21 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum granulosum.

e. stratum corneum.

22 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

d. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

23 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

b. dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. endothelium.

d. adipose connective tissue.

e. transitional epithelium.

24 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum basale of epidermis.

b. hypodermis

c. papillary dermis

d. dermis

e. stratum corneum of epidermis

25 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. sweat glands.

c. apocrine sweat glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. hair follicles.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

c. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

d. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

28 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

d. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

e. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

30 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Epithelium

31 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Receptor cells

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Neurons

32 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Blood

c. . Lymph

d. . Air

e. . Perilymph

33 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Ganglion cells

34 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner border cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Inner pillar cells

d. . Hair cells

e. . Outer phalangeal cells

35 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Ciliary body

36 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Bipolar neuron

b. . Supporting cell

c. . Unipolar neuron

d. . Multipolar neuron

37 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

38 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

39 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Iris

b. . Sclera

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Choroid

e. . Ciliary muscle

40 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Cones

c. . Uvea

d. . Rods

e. . Bipolar cells

41 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

42 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Cochlea

43 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Orbicularis oculi

b. . Tarsus

c. . Ciliary muscle

d. . Levator muscle

e. . Internal oblique muscle

44 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

45 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Trachea

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Bronchi

d. . Larynx

46 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Iris

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Choroid

e. . Sclera

47 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Myofibrils

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Elastic fibers

48 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

49 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Compact bone

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Fibrocartilage

50 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Endothelium

e. . Substantia propria

51 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Pseudostratified epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

52 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

53 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

54 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveolar sacs

b. . Bronchi

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar ducts

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

55 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Sclera

c. . Cornea

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Pigmented epithelium

56 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

57 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

58 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

59 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Cochlear duct

60 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar duct

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