Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

2 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. vasa recta.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. arcuate arteries.

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

e. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

4 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. endothelium.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. adipose connective tissue.

5 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. hair follicle.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. sebaceous gland.

6 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. capsule

c. pelvis

d. hilus

e. medulla

7 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

8 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

9 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

10 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum granulosum.

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

d. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

e. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

12 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. macula densa.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. podocytes.

13 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. keratinocyte

b. Langerhans cell

c. myoepithelial cell

d. melanocyte

e. fibroblast

14 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. collecting duct.

b. proximal convoluted tubule.

c. loop of Henle.

d. distal convoluted tubule.

e. glomerulus.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

16 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

17 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary fenestrations.

b. capillary endothelial cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

18 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

21 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

22 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sweat glands.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. apocrine sweat glands.

d. arrector pili.

e. hair follicles.

23 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. vasa recta.

24 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. interlobar arteries.

c. vasa recta.

d. afferent arteries.

e. interlobular arteries.

25 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. epidermis and dermis.

b. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

c. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

d. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

e. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

26 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. Merkel cell

c. melanocyte

d. keratinocyte

e. Langerhans cell

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

28 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. Meissner's corpuscles

b. sweat gland ducts

c. dermal papillae

d. epidermal appendages

e. arrector pili muscle

29 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

30 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

e. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

32 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

33 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

34 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. calyx

c. papillae

d. cortex

e. pelvis

35 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Spongy bone

e. . Hyaline cartilage

36 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

37 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

38 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Lens

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Choroid

d. . Iris

e. . Ora serrate

39 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Bipolar

b. . Multipolar

c. . Unipolar

d. . Pseudounipolar

e. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

40 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

41 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

d. . Posterior chamber

e. . Vitreal cavity

42 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Air

b. . Blood

c. . Perilymph

d. . Endolymph

e. . Lymph

43 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

e. . Compact bone

44 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

45 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

46 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Sclera

d. . Iris

e. . Cornea

47 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

48 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar sacs

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Respiratory bronchioles

e. . Bronchi

49 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

50 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina vitrea

51 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

52 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Organ of Corti

53 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Olfactory cells

54 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

55 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar duct

56 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Cornea

c. . Sclera

d. . Choroid

e. . Ora serrata

57 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Olfactory cells

58 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Horizontal cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Cones

59 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal

c. . Simple columnar

d. . Simple squamous

e. . Stratified squamous

60 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

Your score is

The average score is 84%

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