Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Endothelium

2 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Descemet's membrane

e. . Lamina vitrea

3 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar sac

4 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

5 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

6 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Iris

d. . Sclera

e. . Ciliary muscle

7 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Choroid

d. . Iris

e. . Ora serrata

8 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Trachea

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Larynx

9 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Muller's cells

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Huxley's layer

d. . Cones

e. . Pigment epithelium

10 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Unipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Pseudounipolar

e. . Bipolar

11 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

12 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Epithelium

13 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Rods

e. . Supporting cells

14 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

15 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule, Utricle

16 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner border cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Outer phalangeal cells

d. . Inner pillar cells

e. . Hair cells

17 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Epithelium

d. . Descemet's membrane

e. . Endothelium

18 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Pseudostratified epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

19 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

20 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Compact bone

21 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

22 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

23 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Descemet

b. . Canal of Muller

c. . Canal of Hering

d. . Canal of Schlemm

e. . Canaliculi

24 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Cones

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Uvea

e. . Rods

25 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Perilymph

e. . Endolymph

26 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveolar sacs

b. . Alveolar ducts

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Bronchi

e. . Alveoli

27 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple squamous

b. . Simple columnar

c. . Stratified squamous

d. . Simple cuboidal

e. . Transitional epithelium

28 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Air

c. . Blood

d. . Perilymph

e. . Endolymph

29 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

30 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. pelvis

b. calyx

c. papilla

d. medulla

e. cortex

31 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

33 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

b. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

34 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. renal lobules.

b. columns of Bertin.

c. papillae

d. calyces

e. medullary rays.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

36 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

b. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

37 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. mesangial cells.

d. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

38 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. keratinocyte

c. Merkel cell

d. Langerhans cell

e. melanocyte

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

d. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

40 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. stratum corneum

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. hypodermis

d. lamina propria

e. papillary layer of dermis.

41 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

b. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

42 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. mucosa

c. dermis

d. lamina propria

e. epidermis

43 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

44 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

45 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

46 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

47 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. pericytes

b. podocytes

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. fibroblasts

e. mesangial cells.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

49 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. podocytes foot processes.

b. continuous endothelium.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. fenestrated endothelium.

e. mesangial cells.

50 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

51 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. pericytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes

d. squamous cells.

e. cuboidal cells.

52 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. mucosa

d. lamina propria

e. epidermis

53 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. proximal convoluted tubule.

c. glomerulus.

d. collecting duct.

e. distal convoluted tubule.

54 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. calyx

c. papillae

d. medulla

e. pelvis

55 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 300 and 350 micrometers.

b. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 micrometers.

d. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 nanometers.

56 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

57 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

58 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

59 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. vasa recta.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. arcuate arteries.

60 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

b. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

c. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

d. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

e. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

Your score is

The average score is 83%

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