Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. papillae

b. medulla

c. cortex

d. calyx

e. pelvis

2 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

3 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

c. modified smooth muscle cells.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

e. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

4 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. medulla

d. calyx

e. papillae

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

b. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

c. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

d. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

e. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

7 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole

b. mesangium.

c. vascular pole.

d. area cribosa.

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

8 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

b. transitional epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

10 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. arrector pili muscle

b. epidermal appendages

c. sweat gland ducts

d. dermal papillae

e. Meissner's corpuscles

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

12 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. melanocyte

b. Merkel cell

c. keratinocyte

d. myoepithelial cell

e. Langerhans cell

13 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. proximal convoluted tubule.

c. collecting duct.

d. glomerulus.

e. distal convoluted tubule.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

16 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hair follicle

b. stratum granulosum

c. pilosebaceous unit

d. hairy skin

e. papillary dermis

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

b. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

c. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

d. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

18 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

19 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. arrector pili muscle.

20 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum corneum of epidermis

b. stratum basale of epidermis.

c. dermis

d. papillary dermis

e. hypodermis

21 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. pericytes

b. fibroblasts

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

23 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

24 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. continuous endothelium.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes foot processes.

e. fenestrated endothelium.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

d. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

26 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

27 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

28 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

b. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

c. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

d. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

e. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

c. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

30 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

31 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. simple columnar epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

32 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. endothelium.

33 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

34 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. apocrine sweat glands.

b. sweat glands.

c. arrector pili.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. hair follicles.

35 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Huxley's layer

c. . Muller's cells

d. . Pigment epithelium

e. . Horizontal cells

36 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Iris

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Choroid

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Sclera

37 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Choroid

b. . Sclera

c. . Retina

d. . Cornea

e. . Uvea

38 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Bipolar

b. . Pseudounipolar

c. . Multipolar

d. . Unipolar

e. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

39 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Movement

b. . Vibration

c. . Sound

d. . Position

40 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Perilymph

e. . Blood

41 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 5

b. . 4

c. . 10

d. . 2

e. . 1

42 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic disc

43 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

44 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveoli

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Terminal bronchiole

45 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

46 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

47 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Corniculate cartilage

b. . Thyroid cartilage

c. . Epiglottis

d. . Arytenoid cartilage

e. . Cricoid cartilage

48 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

49 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Rods, Cones

e. . Cones

50 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala tympani

51 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Optic disc

c. . Os

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Ora serrate

52 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic disc

53 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Alveolar ducts

c. . Alveoli

d. . Respiratory bronchioles

e. . Alveolar sacs

54 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Epithelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Endothelium

55 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Henle's layer

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Amacrine cells

56 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Cones

d. . Uvea

e. . Ganglion cells

57 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

58 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

59 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

60 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Larynx

d. . Trachea

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