Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum corneum of epidermis

b. stratum basale of epidermis.

c. hypodermis

d. papillary dermis

e. dermis

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

e. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

3 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hairy skin

b. hair follicle

c. pilosebaceous unit

d. papillary dermis

e. stratum granulosum

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

c. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

d. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

5 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. melanocyte

b. Langerhans cell

c. myoepithelial cell

d. fibroblast

e. keratinocyte

6 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

7 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. medulla

b. cortex

c. calyx

d. pelvis

e. papilla

8 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. angiotensinogen.

b. urea.

c. aldosterone.

d. renin.

e. antiduretic hormone.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

11 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

d. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

e. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

13 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sweat glands.

b. hair follicles.

c. arrector pili.

d. apocrine sweat glands.

e. sebaceous glands.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

15 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. sweat gland.

d. hypodermis

e. epidermis

16 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

17 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

19 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. medulla.

b. pelvis.

c. calyx.

d. cortex

e. papillae.

20 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. mesangium.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. vascular pole.

d. urinary (tubular) pole

e. area cribosa.

21 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

b. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

22 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

23 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

24 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. mucosa

c. dermis

d. lamina propria

e. hypodermis

25 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. macula densa.

e. podocytes.

26 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

c. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

d. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

e. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

28 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. sebaceous gland.

29 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

d. collecting duct epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

31 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. podocyte foot processes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. fibroblasts

e. pericytes

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

33 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

34 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

35 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Sclera

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Choroid

e. . Cornea

36 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Rods

b. . Cones

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Horizontal cells

37 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Myofibrils

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Elastic fibers

38 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Blood

d. . Air

e. . Endolymph

39 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

40 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

41 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

42 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

43 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Cochlea

44 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Position

b. . Sound

c. . Movement

d. . Vibration

45 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Perilymph

c. . Lymph

d. . Air

e. . Endolymph

46 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

47 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Utricle

48 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Zonlular fibers

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Spiral ligament

e. . Oval ligament

49 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

50 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Orbicularis oculi

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Ciliary muscle

d. . Levator muscle

e. . Tarsus

51 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Lens

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

52 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Fibrocartilage

53 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Lamina vitrea

54 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Hyaline cartilage

e. . Spongy bone

55 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Brush cells

56 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

57 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Sclera

b. . Choroid

c. . Uvea

d. . Retina

e. . Cornea

58 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Pseudounipolar

b. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

c. . Unipolar

d. . Bipolar

e. . Multipolar

59 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Utricle

e. . Saccule

60 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Uvea

d. . Rods

e. . Cones

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