Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. proximal convoluted tubule.

c. loop of Henle.

d. collecting duct.

e. glomerulus.

2 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. fenestrated endothelium.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. podocytes foot processes.

3 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. epidermis

c. hypodermis

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. sweat gland.

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

d. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

e. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

5 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. glandular epithelium.

b. columnar epithelium.

c. squamous epithelium.

d. lymphocytes

e. smooth muscle.

6 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobar arteries.

b. afferent arteries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. interlobular arteries.

7 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

9 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. melanocyte

b. keratinocyte

c. Langerhans cell

d. fibroblast

e. myoepithelial cell

10 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. mesangium

c. area cribosa.

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

11 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocyte foot processes

d. capillary fenestrations.

e. capillary endothelial cells.

12 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. cuboidal cells.

b. podocytes

c. squamous cells.

d. pericytes

e. mesangial cells.

13 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. pericytes

14 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. calyx

e. papillae

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

b. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

16 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes.

17 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

c. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

19 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. hair follicle.

20 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. medulla

b. cortex

c. papilla

d. pelvis

e. calyx

21 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. medulla.

c. cortex

d. papillae.

e. calyx.

22 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. antiduretic hormone.

b. aldosterone.

c. urea.

d. renin.

e. angiotensinogen.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

e. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

b. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

25 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. hilus.

c. calyx.

d. medulla.

e. pelvis.

26 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. pericytes

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocyte foot processes.

27 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. stratum basale

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum granulosum

e. thick skin

28 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. ureter.

b. renal pelvis.

c. Bowman's capsule.

d. proximal urethra.

e. bladder.

29 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. vasa recta.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. arcuate arteries.

30 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. Merkel cells.

d. melanocytes

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

31 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. podocytes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

32 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

33 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. cortex

b. calyx

c. medulla

d. papillae

e. pelvis

34 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

b. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

35 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Amacrine cells

b. . Henle's layer

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Rods

36 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina cribrosa

37 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Crista ampullaris

b. . Cochlea

c. . Saccule

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

38 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

39 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Hair cells

b. . Inner border cells

c. . Inner pillar cells

d. . Outer phalangeal cells

e. . Cells of Hensen

40 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveolar duct

41 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Supporting cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Cones

42 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Spongy bone

43 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

44 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Rods, Cones

e. . Bipolar cells

45 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

46 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

47 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Cones

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Rods

48 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Receptor cells

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Neurons

49 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Endolymph

e. . Blood

50 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Iris

c. . Cornea

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ora serrata

51 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Langerhans cell

b. . Histiocyte

c. . Kupffer cells

d. . Dust cell

e. . Microglia

52 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 2

b. . 5

c. . 10

d. . 4

e. . 1

53 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

54 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Corniculate cartilage

b. . Arytenoid cartilage

c. . Epiglottis

d. . Thyroid cartilage

e. . Cricoid cartilage

55 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

56 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Trachea

c. . Larynx

d. . Bronchi

57 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina vitrea

58 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Ciliary muscle

c. . Orbicularis oculi

d. . Internal oblique muscle

e. . Tarsus

59 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Bowman's membrane

60 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

e. . Posterior chamber

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