Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Bowman's membrane

2 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Cornea

d. . Choroid

e. . Sclera

3 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Os

e. . Optic chiasm

4 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Spongy bone

5 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Schlemm

b. . Canaliculi

c. . Canal of Hering

d. . Canal of Descemet

e. . Canal of Muller

6 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Cones

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Uvea

e. . Rods

7 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina vitrea

8 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

9 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Cornea

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Iris

e. . Sclera

10 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Cones

e. . Rods, Cones

11 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Huxley's layer

e. . Muller's cells

12 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

13 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Os

14 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

15 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Pseudounipolar

e. . Unipolar

16 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

17 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Iris

b. . Cornea

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Choroid

e. . Ciliary body

18 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Unipolar neuron

b. . Supporting cell

c. . Multipolar neuron

d. . Bipolar neuron

19 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Neurons

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Receptor cells

20 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Olfactory cells

21 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Iris

c. . Ciliary muscle

d. . Choroid

e. . Sclera

22 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Terminal bronchiole

23 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Cones

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Rods

e. . Horizontal cells

24 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

25 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Lens

b. . Iris

c. . Choroid

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Ciliary body

26 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

27 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber

28 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Terminal bronchiole

29 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Rods

c. . Amacrine cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Henle's layer

30 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

31 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 4

b. . 10

c. . 5

d. . 2

e. . 1

32 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. pelvis.

c. calyx.

d. hilus.

e. medulla.

33 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. mesangial cells.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

34 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. area cribosa.

c. vascular pole.

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. mesangium

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

36 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

b. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

37 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. submucosal glands.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. lymphatic glands.

d. eccrine sweat glands.

e. mammary glands.

38 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

d. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

e. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

39 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. podocytes foot processes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. fenestrated endothelium.

40 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

e. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

41 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

b. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

42 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobular arteries.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. afferent arteries.

d. interlobar arteries.

e. vasa recta.

43 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

44 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 nanometers.

b. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

c. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 micrometers.

e. 300 and 350 micrometers.

45 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

46 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

b. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

47 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. Langerhans cell

c. melanocyte

d. myoepithelial cell

e. keratinocyte

48 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

49 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum granulosum

d. stratum basale

e. thin skin

50 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

51 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

52 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

53 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. transitional epithelium.

b. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

54 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. mesangium.

d. area cribosa.

e. urinary (tubular) pole

55 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. papillae.

c. calyx.

d. medulla.

e. cortex

56 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

57 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. pericytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes

d. cuboidal cells.

e. squamous cells.

58 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

59 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

60 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. thick skin

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum basale

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