Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

2 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Henle's layer

b. . Amacrine cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Rods

e. . Ganglion cells

3 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

4 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Utricle

5 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

6 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

7 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

8 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Ciliary muscle

b. . Tarsus

c. . Levator muscle

d. . Orbicularis oculi

e. . Internal oblique muscle

9 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Trachea

c. . Larynx

d. . Bronchi

10 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Os

e. . Ora serrate

11 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Lens

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Ora serrate

12 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Endothelium

13 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 2

b. . 3

c. . 4

d. . 5

e. . 1

14 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

15 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Cornea

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

16 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Os

17 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Unipolar neuron

b. . Bipolar neuron

c. . Supporting cell

d. . Multipolar neuron

18 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Cochlea

19 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

20 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

21 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Stratified squamous

b. . Simple columnar

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal

e. . Simple squamous

22 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

23 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Olfactory cells

24 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

25 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

26 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule

b. . Utricle

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Organ of Corti

27 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina vitrea

28 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Vibration

b. . Position

c. . Sound

d. . Movement

29 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Langerhans cell

b. . Kupffer cells

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Microglia

e. . Dust cell

30 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

32 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. thin skin

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum basale

e. stratum spinosum

33 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. medulla

b. cortex

c. papillae

d. calyx

e. pelvis

34 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. mucosa

b. hypodermis

c. dermis

d. epidermis

e. lamina propria

35 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. collecting duct.

b. glomerulus.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. distal convoluted tubule.

e. loop of Henle.

36 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. hypodermis

c. epidermis

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. sweat gland.

37 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

38 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. columnar epithelium.

b. squamous epithelium.

c. lymphocytes

d. glandular epithelium.

e. smooth muscle.

39 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. area cribosa.

b. vascular pole.

c. urinary (tubular) pole

d. mesangium.

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

40 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. hilus.

c. calyx.

d. pelvis.

e. medulla.

41 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole.

b. mesangium

c. area cribosa.

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. vascular pole.

42 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

43 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum

d. thick skin

e. stratum lucidum

44 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

45 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. macula densa.

e. podocytes.

46 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. pilosebaceous unit

c. hairy skin

d. papillary dermis

e. hair follicle

47 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

c. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

d. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

49 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. submucosal glands.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. mammary glands.

d. lymphatic glands.

e. eccrine sweat glands.

50 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. vasa recta.

51 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

52 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

53 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. mucosa

b. hypodermis

c. epidermis

d. lamina propria

e. dermis

54 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

55 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. vasa recta.

56 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. mesangial cells.

e. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

57 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary endothelial cells.

b. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. capillary fenestrations.

58 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

59 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. hair follicle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. duct of sweat gland.

60 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

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