Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. thick skin

c. stratum lucidum

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

2 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. epidermis

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. hypodermis

3 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. transitional epithelium.

4 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. podocytes foot processes.

b. fenestrated endothelium.

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. continuous endothelium.

5 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. medulla

c. hilus

d. capsule

e. pelvis

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

c. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

8 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. hair follicle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

10 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

11 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. papilla

b. medulla

c. calyx

d. pelvis

e. cortex

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

13 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum corneum

b. stratum spinosum

c. stratum basale

d. thin skin

e. stratum granulosum

14 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

e. There are six layers to the epidermis.

15 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. lamina propria

d. hypodermis

e. stratum corneum

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

17 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. medulla.

c. calyx.

d. pelvis.

e. hilus.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

b. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

c. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

19 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

20 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

b. dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. endothelium.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. adipose connective tissue.

21 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. mesangial cells.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

22 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. epidermis and dermis.

b. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

c. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

d. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

e. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

23 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. epidermis

d. mucosa

e. lamina propria

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

b. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

25 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole

b. area cribosa.

c. mesangium.

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. vascular pole.

26 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. lamina propria

c. epidermis

d. hypodermis

e. mucosa

27 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. pericytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. fibroblasts

d. podocyte foot processes.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

28 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sweat glands.

b. hair follicles.

c. arrector pili.

d. apocrine sweat glands.

e. sebaceous glands.

29 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Rods

e. . Uvea

30 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Saccule

b. . Cochlea

c. . Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Crista ampullaris

31 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

32 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Compact bone

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

e. . Spongy bone

33 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

34 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Multipolar neuron

b. . Unipolar neuron

c. . Supporting cell

d. . Bipolar neuron

35 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

36 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

37 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

38 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Os

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Ora serrate

39 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

40 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Rods

b. . Cones

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Supporting cells

41 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Spongy bone

e. . Fibrocartilage

42 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

43 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveoli

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Terminal bronchiole

44 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner pillar cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Outer phalangeal cells

d. . Hair cells

e. . Inner border cells

45 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

46 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Basal cells

47 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Lamina vitrea

48 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 4

b. . 5

c. . 1

d. . 3

e. . 2

49 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Pseudounipolar

d. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

e. . Multipolar

50 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Clara cell

51 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Ciliary muscle

b. . Orbicularis oculi

c. . Levator muscle

d. . Internal oblique muscle

e. . Tarsus

52 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Zonlular fibers

b. . Oval ligament

c. . Elastic fibers

d. . Spiral ligament

e. . Purkinje fibers

53 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar sacs

d. . Respiratory bronchioles

e. . Alveolar ducts

54 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Choroid

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Sclera

55 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Sclera

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Ora serrata

56 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

57 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple columnar

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal

d. . Stratified squamous

e. . Simple squamous

58 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

59 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Perilymph

c. . Air

d. . Lymph

e. . Endolymph

60 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 1

b. . 4

c. . 10

d. . 2

e. . 5

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