Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

2 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Endothelium

3 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

4 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Arytenoid cartilage

b. . Corniculate cartilage

c. . Cricoid cartilage

d. . Thyroid cartilage

e. . Epiglottis

5 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Rods

e. . Uvea

6 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

d. . Fibrocartilage

7 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 4

b. . 2

c. . 5

d. . 3

e. . 1

8 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Epithelium

d. . Bowman's membrane

9 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Endothelium

10 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

11 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

12 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

13 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

14 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Choroid

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Sclera

e. . Pigmented epithelium

15 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Cochlea

c. . Saccule

d. . Utricle

e. . Crista ampullaris

16 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Saccule

b. . Utricle

c. . Cochlea

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Organ of Corti

17 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Choroid

b. . Uvea

c. . Sclera

d. . Retina

e. . Cornea

18 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple columnar

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal

d. . Simple squamous

e. . Stratified squamous

19 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

20 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Optic disc

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Os

e. . Lamina cribrosa

21 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Basal cells

22 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Ciliary muscle

b. . Iris

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Sclera

e. . Choroid

23 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveoli

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

24 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Vibration

b. . Movement

c. . Position

d. . Sound

25 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Os

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Optic disc

26 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Muller's cells

b. . Cones

c. . Huxley's layer

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Pigment epithelium

27 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Uvea

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Cones

e. . Rods

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

29 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. renin.

b. antiduretic hormone.

c. aldosterone.

d. angiotensinogen.

e. urea.

30 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. afferent arterioles.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

b. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

32 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

33 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum

b. stratum basale

c. thin skin

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

34 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes.

c. macula densa.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. mesangial cells.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

36 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

d. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

37 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

d. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

38 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum granulosum

39 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

40 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

41 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. proximal convoluted tubule.

b. loop of Henle.

c. glomerulus.

d. collecting duct.

e. distal convoluted tubule.

42 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

43 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

44 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. epidermis

c. dermis

d. mucosa

e. lamina propria

45 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

46 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

47 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. stratum corneum

b. hypodermis

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. lamina propria

e. papillary layer of dermis.

48 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. calyces

b. medullary rays.

c. renal lobules.

d. columns of Bertin.

e. papillae

49 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sweat glands.

b. arrector pili.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. hair follicles.

e. apocrine sweat glands.

50 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. There are six layers to the epidermis.

51 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. pericytes

b. squamous cells.

c. podocytes

d. cuboidal cells.

e. mesangial cells.

52 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hair follicle

b. stratum granulosum

c. hairy skin

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. papillary dermis

53 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. mesangial cells.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. podocytes.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

54 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. hair follicle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

55 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

56 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. hilus

b. pelvis

c. capsule

d. cortex

e. medulla

57 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

58 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

59 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

c. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

60 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

d. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

e. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

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