Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Histiocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Langerhans cell

d. . Kupffer cells

e. . Microglia

2 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Fibrocartilage

3 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Pseudounipolar

d. . Unipolar

e. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

4 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Sclera

e. . Cornea

5 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Alveolar sacs

c. . Bronchi

d. . Alveolar ducts

e. . Alveoli

6 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Ciliary body

7 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Endolymph

c. . Perilymph

d. . Air

e. . Blood

8 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Choroid

c. . Iris

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Sclera

9 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina vitrea

10 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala vestibuli

11 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

12 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Cones

d. . Rods

e. . Bipolar cells

13 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

14 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Reticular fibers

b. . Collagen fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Myofibrils

15 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveolar duct

16 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

17 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

18 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Neurons

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Ciliary body

19 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Lens

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Choroid

20 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

21 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveoli

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

22 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

23 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

d. . Fibrocartilage

24 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Cornea

d. . Sclera

e. . Iris

25 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

26 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Clara cell

27 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

28 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Muller

b. . Canal of Schlemm

c. . Canaliculi

d. . Canal of Hering

e. . Canal of Descemet

29 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Os

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

30 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Oval ligament

c. . Zonlular fibers

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Spiral ligament

31 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. fenestrated endothelium.

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. podocytes foot processes.

32 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. aldosterone.

b. angiotensinogen.

c. renin.

d. urea.

e. antiduretic hormone.

33 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

34 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

35 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

d. podocytes.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

36 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. not epithelial cells.

37 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

38 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. hair follicle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. sebaceous gland.

39 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. loop of Henle.

c. collecting duct.

d. proximal convoluted tubule.

e. glomerulus.

40 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

41 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. lamina propria

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. stratum corneum

e. hypodermis

42 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

d. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

43 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

44 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. hilus

b. pelvis

c. cortex

d. medulla

e. capsule

45 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

46 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. mesangium.

c. urinary (tubular) pole

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. area cribosa.

47 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. calyx

b. papillae

c. medulla

d. cortex

e. pelvis

48 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. smooth muscle.

b. squamous epithelium.

c. lymphocytes

d. glandular epithelium.

e. columnar epithelium.

49 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

50 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. pelvis.

c. hilus.

d. cortex.

e. calyx.

51 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

52 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

53 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. arrector pili muscle.

54 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. hypodermis

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. sweat gland.

d. epidermis

e. reticular layer of dermis.

55 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. vasa recta.

56 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. calyx

b. medulla

c. pelvis

d. papilla

e. cortex

57 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

58 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. pericytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. fibroblasts

e. podocyte foot processes.

59 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

b. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

60 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

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