Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. podocytes foot processes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. fenestrated endothelium.

2 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

b. There are six layers to the epidermis.

c. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

4 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

5 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

d. dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. adipose connective tissue.

6 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

b. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

c. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

d. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

7 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

8 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. modified smooth muscle cells.

b. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

d. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

e. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

9 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. epidermis and dermis.

c. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

d. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

e. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

d. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

e. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

c. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

12 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. melanocytes

c. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

d. Merkel cells.

e. fibroblasts

13 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. bladder.

b. Bowman's capsule.

c. proximal urethra.

d. renal pelvis.

e. ureter.

14 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. eccrine sweat glands.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. submucosal glands.

d. mammary glands.

e. lymphatic glands.

15 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. medulla

d. calyx

e. papillae

16 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. aldosterone.

b. renin.

c. urea.

d. antiduretic hormone.

e. angiotensinogen.

17 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. sweat gland.

c. hypodermis

d. epidermis

e. papillary layer of dermis.

18 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

b. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

19 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

e. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

20 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. squamous epithelium.

b. glandular epithelium.

c. lymphocytes

d. smooth muscle.

e. columnar epithelium.

21 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. lamina propria

c. mucosa

d. hypodermis

e. epidermis

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

24 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

26 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. hilus.

b. cortex.

c. pelvis.

d. calyx.

e. medulla.

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

b. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

c. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

28 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

29 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. medullary rays.

b. papillae

c. calyces

d. renal lobules.

e. columns of Bertin.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

31 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. stratum corneum of epidermis

d. stratum basale of epidermis.

e. papillary dermis

32 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. hair follicle.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

33 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

34 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

35 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Trachea

c. . Larynx

d. . Respiratory bronchioles

36 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

37 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Amacrine cells

d. . Henle's layer

e. . Rods

38 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Endothelium

c. . Epithelium

d. . Substantia propria

39 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Cochlea

c. . Saccule

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Utricle

40 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Air

c. . Endolymph

d. . Blood

e. . Perilymph

41 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Optic disc

e. . Os

42 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Sclera

43 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

44 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

45 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

46 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

47 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

48 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

49 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Endothelium

e. . Bowman's membrane

50 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Utricle

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Saccule

51 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner pillar cells

b. . Outer phalangeal cells

c. . Hair cells

d. . Inner border cells

e. . Cells of Hensen

52 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina cribrosa

53 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Type I pneumocyte

54 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

55 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Choroid

d. . Iris

e. . Ora serrata

56 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic disc

57 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Uvea

e. . Bipolar cells

58 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Utricle

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule

59 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

60 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Collagen fibers

b. . Myofibrils

c. . Elastic fibers

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Purkinje fibers

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