Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

2 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Utricle

e. . Semicircular canals

3 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Endothelium

4 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

5 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

6 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Uvea

c. . Cones

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

7 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Blood

e. . Perilymph

8 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Larynx

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Trachea

9 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Endothelium

e. . Bowman's membrane

10 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Utricle

e. . Organ of Corti

11 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Rods, Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Ganglion cells

12 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar

b. . Pseudounipolar

c. . Bipolar

d. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

e. . Multipolar

13 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Dust cell

14 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

15 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

16 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Supporting cells

17 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Reticular fibers

b. . Myofibrils

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Purkinje fibers

18 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

19 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Cornea

b. . Iris

c. . Choroid

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Ora serrata

20 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

e. . Posterior chamber

21 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

22 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Fibrocartilage

23 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Neurons

24 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

25 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

26 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

27 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Uvea

28 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Spiral ligament

b. . Oval ligament

c. . Elastic fibers

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Zonlular fibers

29 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Lamina cribrosa

30 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Compact bone

31 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

32 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Compact bone

e. . Elastic cartilage

33 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Rods

d. . Cones

e. . Ganglion cells

34 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

c. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

35 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

e. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

36 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

c. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

e. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

37 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. mesangial cells.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. podocytes.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

38 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. hair follicle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

40 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

b. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

c. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

d. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

e. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

41 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. lymphocytes

b. glandular epithelium.

c. smooth muscle.

d. columnar epithelium.

e. squamous epithelium.

42 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

43 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

44 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

c. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

45 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

46 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. dermal papillae

b. epidermal appendages

c. sweat gland ducts

d. Meissner's corpuscles

e. arrector pili muscle

47 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. medulla.

b. cortex

c. calyx.

d. papillae.

e. pelvis.

48 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes

e. pericytes

49 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

50 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

51 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. mucosa

c. dermis

d. lamina propria

e. epidermis

52 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

53 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. fibroblasts

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. pericytes

e. podocyte foot processes.

54 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. thick skin

b. stratum basale

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum lucidum

e. stratum granulosum

55 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

56 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

57 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. papillae

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. calyx

e. medulla

58 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

59 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. hilus.

b. cortex.

c. medulla.

d. pelvis.

e. calyx.

60 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

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