Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. hair follicle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. sebaceous gland.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

3 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. podocytes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

4 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum granulosum.

5 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. Meissner's corpuscles

b. dermal papillae

c. sweat gland ducts

d. epidermal appendages

e. arrector pili muscle

6 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

d. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

7 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

e. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

8 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. pilosebaceous unit

b. hairy skin

c. papillary dermis

d. hair follicle

e. stratum granulosum

9 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

10 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. sebaceous gland.

11 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

12 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. vasa recta.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. arcuate arteries.

13 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. pelvis.

c. medulla.

d. hilus.

e. calyx.

14 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

15 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. calyx

b. cortex

c. medulla

d. pelvis

e. papillae

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

17 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

18 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. fibroblast

c. melanocyte

d. keratinocyte

e. Langerhans cell

19 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

d. dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. adipose connective tissue.

20 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. urea.

b. angiotensinogen.

c. aldosterone.

d. antiduretic hormone.

e. renin.

21 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary endothelial cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocyte foot processes

d. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

e. capillary fenestrations.

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

23 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. stratum corneum

d. hypodermis

e. lamina propria

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

25 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. medulla.

c. cortex

d. calyx.

e. papillae.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

28 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum

c. thin skin

d. stratum spinosum

e. stratum basale

29 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. thick skin

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum lucidum

e. stratum basale

30 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. cuboidal cells.

b. pericytes

c. mesangial cells.

d. squamous cells.

e. podocytes

31 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Spiral ligament

d. . Zonlular fibers

e. . Oval ligament

32 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Olfactory cells

33 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveoli

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Terminal bronchiole

34 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Fibrocartilage

35 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Spongy bone

36 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Utricle

c. . Saccule

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Semicircular canals

37 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Lamina vitrea

38 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

39 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

40 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

e. . Posterior chamber

41 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

42 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 1

b. . 10

c. . 2

d. . 5

e. . 4

43 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

44 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Iris

d. . Sclera

e. . Pigmented epithelium

45 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina vitrea

46 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 1

b. . 5

c. . 4

d. . 3

e. . 2

47 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Clara cell

48 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods, Cones

b. . Cones

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Rods

e. . Ganglion cells

49 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

50 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Pseudostratified epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

51 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Transitional epithelium

52 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Neurons

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Ciliary body

53 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Utricle

54 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveoli

55 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

56 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

57 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Sclera

b. . Choroid

c. . Retina

d. . Uvea

e. . Cornea

58 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

59 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Iris

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Choroid

d. . Lens

e. . Ora serrate

60 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Choroid

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Iris

e. . Sclera

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