Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocytes.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. macula densa.

2 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. hypodermis

b. sweat gland.

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. epidermis

e. reticular layer of dermis.

3 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

4 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

5 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

c. epidermis and dermis.

d. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

e. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

6 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

7 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. Merkel cells.

c. fibroblasts

d. melanocytes

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

8 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

9 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. thick skin

c. stratum lucidum

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

10 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. hypodermis

b. lamina propria

c. stratum corneum

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. reticular layer of dermis.

11 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

12 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. glandular epithelium.

b. lymphocytes

c. smooth muscle.

d. squamous epithelium.

e. columnar epithelium.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

14 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. urinary (tubular) pole

c. area cribosa.

d. mesangium.

e. vascular pole.

15 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. epidermal appendages

b. arrector pili muscle

c. Meissner's corpuscles

d. sweat gland ducts

e. dermal papillae

16 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

17 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

18 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. hypodermis

c. lamina propria

d. mucosa

e. dermis

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

c. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

21 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. calyx

b. pelvis

c. papilla

d. medulla

e. cortex

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

23 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. myoepithelial cell

c. Langerhans cell

d. melanocyte

e. keratinocyte

24 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

25 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

e. podocytes.

26 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. hair follicle.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. sebaceous gland.

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

29 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. pericytes

b. podocytes

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. fibroblasts

30 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. podocyte foot processes.

b. pericytes

c. fibroblasts

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

31 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

32 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

33 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

35 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Blood

c. . Lymph

d. . Perilymph

e. . Air

36 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Reticular fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Collagen fibers

e. . Myofibrils

37 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

38 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Microglia

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Kupffer cells

e. . Langerhans cell

39 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

40 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Os

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Optic disc

41 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Cornea

c. . Sclera

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ciliary body

42 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Uvea

b. . Retina

c. . Cornea

d. . Choroid

e. . Sclera

43 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

44 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Rods

45 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar duct

46 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

47 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Larynx

d. . Trachea

48 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

49 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

50 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Position

b. . Sound

c. . Vibration

d. . Movement

51 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Uvea

c. . Cones

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Rods

52 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Schlemm

b. . Canal of Hering

c. . Canal of Descemet

d. . Canaliculi

e. . Canal of Muller

53 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Ciliary muscle

b. . Iris

c. . Choroid

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Sclera

54 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

55 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Iris

d. . Sclera

e. . Cornea

56 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

57 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Muller's cells

b. . Huxley's layer

c. . Cones

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Pigment epithelium

58 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Utricle

d. . Crista ampullaris

e. . Saccule

59 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Corniculate cartilage

b. . Cricoid cartilage

c. . Arytenoid cartilage

d. . Epiglottis

e. . Thyroid cartilage

60 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Multipolar neuron

b. . Unipolar neuron

c. . Bipolar neuron

d. . Supporting cell

Your score is

The average score is 35%

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