Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

2 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. calyx

b. medulla

c. pelvis

d. papillae

e. cortex

3 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. hair follicle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

d. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

5 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. area cribosa.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. vascular pole.

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. mesangium

6 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. papilla

b. medulla

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. calyx

7 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. hair follicle

c. papillary dermis

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. hairy skin

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

9 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. pericytes

c. mesangial cells.

d. fibroblasts

e. podocytes

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

12 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

b. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

d. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

e. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

14 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. continuous endothelium.

b. fenestrated endothelium.

c. podocytes foot processes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

16 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. vasa recta.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

18 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

19 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

20 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum granulosum.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

22 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

23 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

b. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

c. modified smooth muscle cells.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

e. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

24 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. epidermis

d. lamina propria

e. mucosa

25 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. dermal papillae

b. Meissner's corpuscles

c. sweat gland ducts

d. epidermal appendages

e. arrector pili muscle

26 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 nanometers.

c. 30 and 35 micrometers.

d. 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

d. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

e. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

28 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. mesangial cells.

29 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. mesangium.

b. urinary (tubular) pole

c. area cribosa.

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. vascular pole.

30 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

31 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar sacs

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Bronchi

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

32 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Compact bone

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Hyaline cartilage

33 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

34 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

35 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina vitrea

36 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Ciliary muscle

c. . Orbicularis oculi

d. . Tarsus

e. . Internal oblique muscle

37 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Os

d. . Optic disc

e. . Optic chiasm

38 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Olfactory cells

39 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

40 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Choroid

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Lens

e. . Iris

41 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

42 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Cones

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Uvea

e. . Ganglion cells

43 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

44 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

45 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Hair cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Outer phalangeal cells

d. . Inner pillar cells

e. . Inner border cells

46 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

47 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Spongy bone

e. . Compact bone

48 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina vitrea

49 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

50 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

51 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

52 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Epithelium

53 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Utricle

e. . Organ of Corti

54 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Descemet

b. . Canaliculi

c. . Canal of Hering

d. . Canal of Schlemm

e. . Canal of Muller

55 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

56 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar duct

57 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Endothelium

58 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

59 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Iris

b. . Sclera

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Choroid

e. . Ora serrata

60 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Sclera

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Cornea

e. . Ciliary body

Your score is

The average score is 77%

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