Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

2 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Langerhans cell

b. keratinocyte

c. myoepithelial cell

d. melanocyte

e. Merkel cell

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

4 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. capsule

e. hilus

5 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple squamous epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

6 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple columnar epithelial cells.

d. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

b. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

c. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

d. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

9 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

b. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

c. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

d. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

10 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Merkel cells.

b. Langerhans cells.

c. melanocytes

d. fibroblasts

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

11 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

c. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

e. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

13 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. There are six layers to the epidermis.

c. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

d. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

e. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

14 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. columnar epithelium.

b. lymphocytes

c. smooth muscle.

d. squamous epithelium.

e. glandular epithelium.

15 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

17 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. papillae

b. pelvis

c. cortex

d. medulla

e. calyx

18 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

b. dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. endothelium.

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

d. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

e. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

21 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

22 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. urinary (tubular) pole

c. area cribosa.

d. mesangium.

e. vascular pole.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

d. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

24 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. papillae.

c. cortex

d. medulla.

e. calyx.

25 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

d. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

26 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocytes.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

28 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. mesangial cells.

b. capillary fenestrations.

c. capillary endothelial cells.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

29 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. angiotensinogen.

b. urea.

c. renin.

d. antiduretic hormone.

e. aldosterone.

30 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Choroid

b. . Cornea

c. . Uvea

d. . Retina

e. . Sclera

31 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

32 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Utricle

e. . Saccule

33 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Orbicularis oculi

b. . Tarsus

c. . Levator muscle

d. . Internal oblique muscle

e. . Ciliary muscle

34 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Air

c. . Perilymph

d. . Blood

e. . Endolymph

35 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

36 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

37 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

38 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Supporting cells

b. . Receptor cells

c. . Neurons

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ciliary body

39 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple columnar

b. . Simple squamous

c. . Simple cuboidal

d. . Stratified squamous

e. . Transitional epithelium

40 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Pseudostratified epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

41 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Saccule

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

42 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

43 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

44 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

45 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Endothelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Descemet's membrane

46 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

47 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

48 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Langerhans cell

b. . Microglia

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Kupffer cells

49 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods, Cones

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Rods

e. . Ganglion cells

50 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Position

b. . Sound

c. . Vibration

d. . Movement

51 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Air

c. . Blood

d. . Lymph

e. . Perilymph

52 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Oval ligament

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Spiral ligament

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Zonlular fibers

53 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Saccule

b. . Cochlea

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Utricle

e. . Crista ampullaris

54 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar sac

55 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Lamina cribrosa

56 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Lens

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Choroid

e. . Iris

57 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

58 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

59 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Supporting cells

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Rods

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Cones

60 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Olfactory cells

Your score is

The average score is 73%

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