Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Cones

e. . Uvea

2 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

3 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Semicircular canals

4 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Perilymph

d. . Air

e. . Blood

5 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Larynx

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Bronchi

d. . Trachea

6 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Neurons

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Supporting cells

7 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Lens

c. . Iris

d. . Choroid

e. . Ciliary body

8 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Choroid

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Sclera

9 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Bipolar neuron

b. . Multipolar neuron

c. . Unipolar neuron

d. . Supporting cell

10 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

11 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Microglia

b. . Dust cell

c. . Langerhans cell

d. . Histiocyte

e. . Kupffer cells

12 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

13 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

14 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

15 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

16 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

17 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

18 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Pseudounipolar

c. . Bipolar

d. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

e. . Unipolar

19 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic disc

20 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

21 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

22 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

23 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

24 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Retina

b. . Uvea

c. . Cornea

d. . Choroid

e. . Sclera

25 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Cochlea

c. . Saccule

d. . Utricle

e. . Organ of Corti

26 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Epithelium

d. . Endothelium

27 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Type I pneumocyte

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

30 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

31 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. papilla

d. calyx

e. medulla

32 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

33 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. hair follicle.

34 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

35 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. fibroblasts

b. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

c. Langerhans cells.

d. melanocytes

e. Merkel cells.

36 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

37 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

38 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

39 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

40 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. thick skin

c. stratum lucidum

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum corneum

41 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. capsule

c. medulla

d. hilus

e. cortex

42 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. hypodermis

b. stratum corneum

c. lamina propria

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. reticular layer of dermis.

43 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. fenestrated endothelium.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. continuous endothelium.

d. podocytes foot processes.

e. mesangial cells.

44 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

d. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

e. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

45 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. modified smooth muscle cells.

b. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

e. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

46 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. dermis

c. lamina propria

d. mucosa

e. hypodermis

47 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. There are six layers to the epidermis.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

48 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. podocytes

b. pericytes

c. fibroblasts

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

49 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

50 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. distal convoluted tubule.

c. collecting duct.

d. proximal convoluted tubule.

e. glomerulus.

51 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

52 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 micrometers.

c. 300 and 350 micrometers.

d. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 nanometers.

53 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

54 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. endothelium.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

55 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. macula densa.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. podocytes.

56 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum granulosum.

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

57 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

58 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

59 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

60 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. podocyte foot processes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. pericytes

d. fibroblasts

e. mesangial cells.

Your score is

The average score is 46%

Any comments?

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