Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Cornea

c. . Choroid

d. . Iris

e. . Ciliary body

2 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Saccule, Utricle

3 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

4 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Os

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Lamina cribrosa

5 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Orbicularis oculi

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Tarsus

6 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Hair cells

b. . Inner pillar cells

c. . Inner border cells

d. . Outer phalangeal cells

e. . Cells of Hensen

7 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Sclera

8 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

9 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Compact bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Spongy bone

10 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Trachea

c. . Larynx

d. . Bronchi

11 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

12 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Horizontal cells

b. . Muller's cells

c. . Cones

d. . Huxley's layer

e. . Pigment epithelium

13 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 4

b. . 2

c. . 5

d. . 1

e. . 10

14 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

15 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

16 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveoli

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar duct

17 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

18 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Basal cells

19 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Supporting cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Cones

e. . Rods

20 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Sclera

b. . Cornea

c. . Choroid

d. . Retina

e. . Uvea

21 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Iris

b. . Sclera

c. . Ciliary muscle

d. . Choroid

e. . Ora serrata

22 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Simple squamous

c. . Simple columnar

d. . Simple cuboidal

e. . Stratified squamous

23 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Perilymph

c. . Blood

d. . Endolymph

e. . Air

24 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Arytenoid cartilage

b. . Epiglottis

c. . Cricoid cartilage

d. . Corniculate cartilage

e. . Thyroid cartilage

25 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

b. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

26 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum granulosum

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum corneum.

27 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. renin.

b. angiotensinogen.

c. aldosterone.

d. urea.

e. antiduretic hormone.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

d. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

29 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

30 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. calyces

b. papillae

c. renal lobules.

d. medullary rays.

e. columns of Bertin.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

b. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

33 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

34 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

35 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple squamous epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. not epithelial cells.

36 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

37 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

b. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

c. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

d. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

e. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

38 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

39 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

40 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. hypodermis

c. mucosa

d. epidermis

e. dermis

41 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

d. transitional epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

42 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

43 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. calyx

b. medulla

c. cortex

d. papillae

e. pelvis

44 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

45 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

46 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. hair follicle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

47 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. hair follicle.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

49 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

b. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

50 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

b. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

c. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

d. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

e. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

51 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

b. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

c. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

d. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

52 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

53 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

54 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. capsule

c. cortex

d. hilus

e. pelvis

55 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary fenestrations.

b. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. capillary endothelial cells.

56 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. interlobular arteries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. afferent arteries.

e. interlobar arteries.

57 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. squamous cells.

b. podocytes

c. cuboidal cells.

d. pericytes

e. mesangial cells.

58 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. Meissner's corpuscles

b. sweat gland ducts

c. epidermal appendages

d. dermal papillae

e. arrector pili muscle

59 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

60 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

c. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

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