Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. lamina propria

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. hypodermis

d. stratum corneum

e. papillary layer of dermis.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

3 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

4 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. aldosterone.

b. renin.

c. angiotensinogen.

d. urea.

e. antiduretic hormone.

5 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple columnar epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

8 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. stratum basale

c. stratum granulosum

d. stratum corneum

e. thick skin

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

d. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

11 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. proximal convoluted tubule.

b. glomerulus.

c. loop of Henle.

d. distal convoluted tubule.

e. collecting duct.

12 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. sebaceous gland.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

14 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. mucosa

b. hypodermis

c. lamina propria

d. epidermis

e. dermis

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

16 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

e. There are six layers to the epidermis.

17 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. columns of Bertin.

b. renal lobules.

c. papillae

d. calyces

e. medullary rays.

18 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

19 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. arrector pili muscle

b. epidermal appendages

c. dermal papillae

d. sweat gland ducts

e. Meissner's corpuscles

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

21 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

b. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

22 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. pelvis

c. medulla

d. calyx

e. papillae

23 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. bladder.

b. Bowman's capsule.

c. ureter.

d. proximal urethra.

e. renal pelvis.

24 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

c. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

25 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. squamous cells.

b. pericytes

c. podocytes

d. cuboidal cells.

e. mesangial cells.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

28 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. capsule

c. cortex

d. hilus

e. pelvis

29 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. dermis

c. lamina propria

d. hypodermis

e. mucosa

30 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. papillae

b. pelvis

c. calyx

d. cortex

e. medulla

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

32 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

33 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum granulosum.

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

35 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

36 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum granulosum

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum corneum.

37 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Utricle

b. . Cochlea

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Saccule

38 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

39 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Sound

b. . Vibration

c. . Position

d. . Movement

40 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

b. . Unipolar

c. . Multipolar

d. . Bipolar

e. . Pseudounipolar

41 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Schlemm

b. . Canal of Hering

c. . Canal of Descemet

d. . Canaliculi

e. . Canal of Muller

42 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

43 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

44 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

45 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Optic disc

46 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

47 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

48 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

49 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Iris

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Sclera

50 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

51 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Rods

52 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Semicircular canals

53 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Lens

d. . Choroid

e. . Iris

54 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Sclera

b. . Cornea

c. . Retina

d. . Uvea

e. . Choroid

55 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Trachea

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Larynx

d. . Bronchi

56 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Uvea

c. . Cones

d. . Rods

e. . Ganglion cells

57 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Uvea

e. . Rods

58 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber

59 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Kupffer cells

b. . Histiocyte

c. . Langerhans cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Microglia

60 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Epithelium

Your score is

The average score is 77%

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