Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. thick skin

b. stratum basale

c. stratum lucidum

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum corneum

2 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

3 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. renin.

b. aldosterone.

c. urea.

d. antiduretic hormone.

e. angiotensinogen.

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

d. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

7 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. lamina propria

b. stratum corneum

c. hypodermis

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. papillary layer of dermis.

8 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. endothelium.

c. dense fibrous connective tissue.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. adipose connective tissue.

9 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

10 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

11 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. calyx.

c. cortex.

d. pelvis.

e. hilus.

12 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. calyx.

b. papillae.

c. pelvis.

d. medulla.

e. cortex

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

14 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

b. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

15 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. mesangium

c. vascular pole.

d. area cribosa.

e. urinary (tubular) pole.

16 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. calyx

c. medulla

d. pelvis

e. papillae

17 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary fenestrations.

b. podocyte foot processes

c. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

d. mesangial cells.

e. capillary endothelial cells.

18 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. collecting duct.

b. distal convoluted tubule.

c. loop of Henle.

d. proximal convoluted tubule.

e. glomerulus.

19 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

20 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

c. transitional epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

21 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. podocytes

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. mesangial cells.

e. pericytes

22 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. pericytes

b. squamous cells.

c. cuboidal cells.

d. podocytes

e. mesangial cells.

23 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. vasa recta.

e. peritubular capillaries.

24 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. duct of sweat gland.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

26 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

27 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocyte foot processes.

e. pericytes

28 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum corneum

b. thin skin

c. stratum spinosum

d. stratum basale

e. stratum granulosum

29 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. modified smooth muscle cells.

b. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

e. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

30 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

31 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. papillary layer of dermis.

b. hypodermis

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. sweat gland.

e. epidermis

32 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

33 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

34 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveoli

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

35 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Cornea

b. . Choroid

c. . Retina

d. . Uvea

e. . Sclera

36 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Uvea

e. . Rods

37 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lens

c. . Choroid

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Iris

38 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina vitrea

39 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

40 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

41 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

42 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Henle's layer

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Amacrine cells

e. . Bipolar cells

43 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Neurons

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Receptor cells

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Pigmented epithelium

44 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canaliculi

b. . Canal of Muller

c. . Canal of Schlemm

d. . Canal of Hering

e. . Canal of Descemet

45 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Pseudounipolar

d. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

e. . Multipolar

46 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

47 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Cornea

d. . Sclera

e. . Ora serrata

48 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Os

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ora serrate

49 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

50 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

51 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

52 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

53 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 1

b. . 5

c. . 4

d. . 2

e. . 3

54 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Cornea

c. . Sclera

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Ciliary body

55 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Compact bone

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Spongy bone

e. . Elastic cartilage

56 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

57 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

e. . Anterior chamber

58 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

59 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveoli

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

60 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Epithelium

d. . Endothelium

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The average score is 84%

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