Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

2 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

4 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum spinosum

c. thin skin

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum basale

5 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. melanocyte

c. keratinocyte

d. Langerhans cell

e. myoepithelial cell

6 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

7 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. submucosal glands.

b. eccrine sweat glands.

c. lymphatic glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. mammary glands.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

9 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. medulla

d. hilus

e. capsule

10 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

d. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

e. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

12 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. There are six layers to the epidermis.

d. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

13 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. podocytes

b. pericytes

c. cuboidal cells.

d. mesangial cells.

e. squamous cells.

14 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

15 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. pericytes

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. podocyte foot processes.

e. fibroblasts

16 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. not epithelial cells.

17 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. sweat gland.

c. epidermis

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. hypodermis

18 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. keratinocyte

b. Langerhans cell

c. myoepithelial cell

d. melanocyte

e. Merkel cell

19 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. epidermal appendages

b. dermal papillae

c. sweat gland ducts

d. Meissner's corpuscles

e. arrector pili muscle

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

21 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

22 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. mesangium

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. vascular pole.

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. area cribosa.

23 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum granulosum.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

24 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. angiotensinogen.

b. antiduretic hormone.

c. urea.

d. renin.

e. aldosterone.

25 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. calyx

d. medulla

e. papillae

26 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. mucosa

c. lamina propria

d. epidermis

e. dermis

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

28 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

30 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

31 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

32 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Uvea

d. . Rods

e. . Bipolar cells

33 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Sound

b. . Position

c. . Vibration

d. . Movement

34 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple squamous

b. . Simple columnar

c. . Simple cuboidal

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous

35 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 5

b. . 4

c. . 3

d. . 2

e. . 1

36 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Pseudostratified epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

37 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina cribrosa

38 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Perilymph

c. . Blood

d. . Air

e. . Lymph

39 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Cells of Hensen

b. . Hair cells

c. . Inner pillar cells

d. . Inner border cells

e. . Outer phalangeal cells

40 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Organ of Corti

41 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Utricle

c. . Saccule

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule, Utricle

42 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

43 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

44 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

45 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

46 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Sclera

c. . Cornea

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Pigmented epithelium

47 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Sclera

d. . Choroid

e. . Ciliary body

48 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Utricle

49 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Sclera

b. . Choroid

c. . Ciliary muscle

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Iris

50 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Sclera

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Iris

51 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

52 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

53 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Rods

e. . Horizontal cells

54 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Multipolar neuron

b. . Bipolar neuron

c. . Unipolar neuron

d. . Supporting cell

55 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule

b. . Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Organ of Corti

56 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Clara cell

57 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

58 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Sclera

c. . Cornea

d. . Iris

e. . Pigmented epithelium

59 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Clara cell

60 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Optic disc

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