Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

2 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Epithelium

3 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Sclera

d. . Cornea

e. . Pigmented epithelium

4 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Iris

b. . Cornea

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Choroid

5 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Langerhans cell

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Microglia

e. . Kupffer cells

6 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

7 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

8 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Semicircular canals

9 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Optic disc

10 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

11 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

12 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule

c. . Cochlea

d. . Crista ampullaris

e. . Utricle

13 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

14 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Sclera

b. . Choroid

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Ciliary muscle

15 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

16 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Spiral ligament

c. . Zonlular fibers

d. . Oval ligament

e. . Purkinje fibers

17 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Rods

c. . Cones

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Uvea

18 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 10

b. . 1

c. . 4

d. . 5

e. . 2

19 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Saccule, Utricle

20 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Spongy bone

e. . Compact bone

21 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Compact bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Spongy bone

22 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

23 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Endothelium

24 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

25 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

26 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Rods

e. . Uvea

27 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Schlemm

b. . Canaliculi

c. . Canal of Muller

d. . Canal of Descemet

e. . Canal of Hering

28 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

29 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Terminal bronchiole

30 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Sclera

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Iris

31 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Os

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic disc

32 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Muller's cells

b. . Cones

c. . Huxley's layer

d. . Pigment epithelium

e. . Horizontal cells

33 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Vibration

b. . Position

c. . Sound

d. . Movement

34 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Saccule, Utricle

35 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

36 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

37 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

38 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. macula densa.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

39 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. epidermis and dermis.

b. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

c. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

d. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

e. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

40 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. epidermis

c. dermis

d. mucosa

e. lamina propria

41 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

d. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

42 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

43 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum corneum of epidermis

b. hypodermis

c. stratum basale of epidermis.

d. dermis

e. papillary dermis

44 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. dermis

c. hypodermis

d. mucosa

e. epidermis

45 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hair follicle

b. stratum granulosum

c. pilosebaceous unit

d. papillary dermis

e. hairy skin

46 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. cortex.

c. pelvis.

d. calyx.

e. hilus.

47 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum granulosum.

48 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. interlobular arteries.

c. vasa recta.

d. interlobar arteries.

e. afferent arteries.

49 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. papillae

b. renal lobules.

c. columns of Bertin.

d. medullary rays.

e. calyces

50 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

51 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

52 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. fenestrated endothelium.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. podocytes foot processes.

53 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

54 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

55 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. area cribosa.

c. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

d. mesangium

e. urinary (tubular) pole.

56 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

57 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

58 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. simple columnar epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

59 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

c. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

60 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. medulla

b. papilla

c. cortex

d. calyx

e. pelvis

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