Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Bipolar neuron

b. . Supporting cell

c. . Unipolar neuron

d. . Multipolar neuron

2 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

3 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Cochlear duct

4 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Rods

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Cones

5 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Bronchi

c. . Larynx

d. . Trachea

6 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

7 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Basal cells

8 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

9 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 1

b. . 5

c. . 2

d. . 4

e. . 10

10 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Hair cells

b. . Inner pillar cells

c. . Cells of Hensen

d. . Inner border cells

e. . Outer phalangeal cells

11 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

12 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar sac

13 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina vitrea

14 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Stratified squamous

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple columnar

d. . Simple cuboidal

e. . Simple squamous

15 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

16 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

17 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Sclera

e. . Cornea

18 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

19 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Huxley's layer

b. . Cones

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Muller's cells

20 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Sclera

b. . Choroid

c. . Retina

d. . Cornea

e. . Uvea

21 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Utricle

e. . Saccule, Utricle

22 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

23 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 1

b. . 2

c. . 5

d. . 4

e. . 3

24 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

25 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Iris

c. . Choroid

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Cornea

26 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Dust cell

27 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Kupffer cells

b. . Langerhans cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Microglia

e. . Histiocyte

28 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Cones

c. . Uvea

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

31 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. capsule

b. pelvis

c. hilus

d. medulla

e. cortex

32 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

33 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. Merkel cells.

c. melanocytes

d. fibroblasts

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

35 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. thick skin

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum basale

e. stratum lucidum

36 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. hair follicle.

37 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. mesangial cells.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. macula densa.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes.

38 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. podocyte foot processes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. pericytes

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. fibroblasts

39 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

40 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. mammary glands.

b. eccrine sweat glands.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. submucosal glands.

e. lymphatic glands.

41 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

42 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

43 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

44 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. dermal papillae

b. sweat gland ducts

c. Meissner's corpuscles

d. epidermal appendages

e. arrector pili muscle

45 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. epidermis

d. mucosa

e. lamina propria

46 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

47 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

49 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. epidermis

d. sweat gland.

e. hypodermis

50 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. bladder.

b. Bowman's capsule.

c. ureter.

d. proximal urethra.

e. renal pelvis.

51 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. podocyte foot processes

b. capillary endothelial cells.

c. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

d. mesangial cells.

e. capillary fenestrations.

52 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. melanocyte

c. keratinocyte

d. Langerhans cell

e. myoepithelial cell

53 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. dermis

b. stratum basale of epidermis.

c. hypodermis

d. stratum corneum of epidermis

e. papillary dermis

54 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

b. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

55 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. afferent arteries.

c. interlobular arteries.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. interlobar arteries.

56 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

b. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

57 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

58 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. mesangium.

d. urinary (tubular) pole

e. area cribosa.

59 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

60 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

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