Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Uvea

e. . Bipolar cells

2 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Iris

b. . Cornea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Choroid

3 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Spongy bone

4 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Endothelium

5 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Zonlular fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Oval ligament

e. . Spiral ligament

6 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Trachea

b. . Bronchi

c. . Larynx

d. . Respiratory bronchioles

7 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

8 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Huxley's layer

b. . Muller's cells

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Cones

9 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Epiglottis

b. . Arytenoid cartilage

c. . Thyroid cartilage

d. . Corniculate cartilage

e. . Cricoid cartilage

10 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

11 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Choroid

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Sclera

e. . Iris

12 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

13 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner pillar cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Inner border cells

d. . Outer phalangeal cells

e. . Hair cells

14 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Cochlear duct

15 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Langerhans cell

b. . Microglia

c. . Dust cell

d. . Histiocyte

e. . Kupffer cells

16 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Os

17 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Blood

d. . Air

e. . Perilymph

18 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

19 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

20 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

21 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Bowman's membrane

22 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

23 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

24 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

25 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

26 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Blood

c. . Lymph

d. . Perilymph

e. . Air

27 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

c. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

29 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

d. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

31 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

e. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

32 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. podocytes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. macula densa.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. mesangial cells.

33 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

c. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

e. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

34 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

b. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

c. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

d. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

35 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

c. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. collecting duct epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

36 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. dermal papillae

b. arrector pili muscle

c. sweat gland ducts

d. epidermal appendages

e. Meissner's corpuscles

37 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. podocytes

b. squamous cells.

c. cuboidal cells.

d. pericytes

e. mesangial cells.

38 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. keratinocyte

b. Merkel cell

c. Langerhans cell

d. myoepithelial cell

e. melanocyte

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

b. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

c. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

d. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

e. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

40 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. calyces

b. columns of Bertin.

c. papillae

d. renal lobules.

e. medullary rays.

41 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

c. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

42 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. Langerhans cell

b. myoepithelial cell

c. melanocyte

d. fibroblast

e. keratinocyte

43 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

b. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

44 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. mesangial cells.

b. capillary fenestrations.

c. capillary endothelial cells.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

45 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

46 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. hair follicle.

47 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. There are six layers to the epidermis.

c. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

d. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

48 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. bladder.

b. proximal urethra.

c. ureter.

d. renal pelvis.

e. Bowman's capsule.

49 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. hair follicle.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

50 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. thick skin

c. stratum lucidum

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

51 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes foot processes.

d. fenestrated endothelium.

e. continuous endothelium.

52 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. calyx.

c. cortex

d. pelvis.

e. medulla.

53 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

54 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. calyx

b. pelvis

c. papillae

d. medulla

e. cortex

55 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. mesangial cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. podocytes

d. pericytes

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

56 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

c. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

57 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

d. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

58 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

59 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

60 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

e. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

Your score is

The average score is 74%

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