Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. apocrine sweat glands.

b. sweat glands.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. arrector pili.

e. hair follicles.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

3 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. medulla

b. calyx

c. cortex

d. papilla

e. pelvis

4 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

5 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. papillae

c. cortex

d. calyx

e. pelvis

6 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. hair follicle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. sebaceous gland.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

8 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum granulosum

9 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. fenestrated endothelium.

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. podocytes foot processes.

e. continuous endothelium.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

11 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. arcuate arteries.

12 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. podocytes.

e. macula densa.

13 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

b. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

c. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

14 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

15 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Merkel cell

b. melanocyte

c. Langerhans cell

d. keratinocyte

e. myoepithelial cell

16 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

19 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. pelvis.

c. calyx.

d. hilus.

e. medulla.

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

22 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 nanometers.

c. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

d. 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 micrometers.

23 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

b. fibroblasts

c. Merkel cells.

d. Langerhans cells.

e. melanocytes

24 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

25 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

e. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

28 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. epidermis

c. mucosa

d. dermis

e. hypodermis

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

b. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

c. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

d. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

31 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. hair follicle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

32 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hairy skin

b. hair follicle

c. papillary dermis

d. stratum granulosum

e. pilosebaceous unit

33 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

b. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

c. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

d. epidermis and dermis.

e. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

34 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

35 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

36 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. dermis

c. mucosa

d. hypodermis

e. epidermis

37 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. squamous cells.

b. pericytes

c. cuboidal cells.

d. podocytes

e. mesangial cells.

38 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. antiduretic hormone.

b. urea.

c. angiotensinogen.

d. renin.

e. aldosterone.

39 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocytes

c. pericytes

d. fibroblasts

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

40 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Stratified squamous

b. . Simple squamous

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Simple columnar

e. . Simple cuboidal

41 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Endothelium

c. . Epithelium

d. . Bowman's membrane

42 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveoli

43 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

44 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Terminal bronchiole

45 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

46 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Tarsus

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Ciliary muscle

d. . Orbicularis oculi

e. . Levator muscle

47 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

48 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Cones

b. . Uvea

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Rods

49 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 5

b. . 3

c. . 2

d. . 4

e. . 1

50 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Kupffer cells

b. . Histiocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Microglia

e. . Langerhans cell

51 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

52 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

53 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Saccule

b. . Cochlea

c. . Crista ampullaris

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

54 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Clara cell

55 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Larynx

b. . Bronchi

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Trachea

56 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Sclera

b. . Choroid

c. . Retina

d. . Cornea

e. . Uvea

57 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Iris

b. . Lens

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Choroid

58 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Cricoid cartilage

b. . Epiglottis

c. . Corniculate cartilage

d. . Arytenoid cartilage

e. . Thyroid cartilage

59 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

60 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 10

b. . 2

c. . 5

d. . 1

e. . 4

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