Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. vasa recta.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. efferent arterioles.

2 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

3 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobular arteries.

b. interlobar arteries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. afferent arteries.

e. vasa recta.

4 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. calyx.

c. cortex

d. papillae.

e. medulla.

5 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. capsule

c. hilus

d. pelvis

e. cortex

6 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

7 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. podocyte foot processes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. pericytes

8 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

b. mesangial cells.

c. capillary endothelial cells.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. capillary fenestrations.

9 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. angiotensinogen.

b. renin.

c. antiduretic hormone.

d. aldosterone.

e. urea.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

11 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

12 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

b. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

c. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

d. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

13 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

14 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

e. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

16 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. not epithelial cells.

17 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

18 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

19 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 300 and 350 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 micrometers.

c. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

d. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 nanometers.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

d. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

e. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

22 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

e. mesangial cells.

23 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

b. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

26 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. cortex

b. calyx

c. medulla

d. pelvis

e. papillae

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

29 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. glomerulus.

b. distal convoluted tubule.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. loop of Henle.

e. collecting duct.

30 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. lymphatic glands.

b. mammary glands.

c. eccrine sweat glands.

d. submucosal glands.

e. sebaceous glands.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

32 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. epidermal appendages

b. dermal papillae

c. Meissner's corpuscles

d. sweat gland ducts

e. arrector pili muscle

33 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

34 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Type I pneumocyte

35 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Sclera

d. . Choroid

e. . Ora serrata

36 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Fovea centralis

37 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Internal oblique muscle

b. . Orbicularis oculi

c. . Levator muscle

d. . Tarsus

e. . Ciliary muscle

38 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

39 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Alveoli

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Alveolar ducts

e. . Alveolar sacs

40 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Endothelium

41 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina cribrosa

42 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Dust cell

43 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule

b. . Utricle

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Organ of Corti

44 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

45 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

46 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

47 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Endolymph

d. . Air

e. . Blood

48 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Optic disc

49 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Choroid

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Lens

50 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

51 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

52 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Pseudounipolar

b. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

c. . Bipolar

d. . Unipolar

e. . Multipolar

53 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

54 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Cells of Hensen

b. . Inner border cells

c. . Outer phalangeal cells

d. . Hair cells

e. . Inner pillar cells

55 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Terminal bronchiole

56 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Cochlea

57 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Sclera

e. . Ora serrata

58 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

59 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Neurons

b. . Receptor cells

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Ciliary body

60 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Trachea

c. . Larynx

d. . Bronchi

Your score is

The average score is 80%

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