Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

2 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Thyroid cartilage

b. . Arytenoid cartilage

c. . Epiglottis

d. . Cricoid cartilage

e. . Corniculate cartilage

3 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Alveoli

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Terminal bronchiole

4 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

5 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Utricle

e. . Saccule, Utricle

6 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

7 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Vibration

b. . Position

c. . Sound

d. . Movement

8 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

9 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Rods

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Rods, Cones

e. . Cones

10 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Reticular fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Myofibrils

e. . Collagen fibers

11 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

12 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

13 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Os

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Optic disc

14 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Spiral ligament

d. . Zonlular fibers

e. . Oval ligament

15 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveolar sacs

b. . Alveolar ducts

c. . Bronchi

d. . Alveoli

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

16 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Dust cell

17 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Iris

d. . Lens

e. . Choroid

18 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Ciliary body

19 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Unipolar neuron

b. . Bipolar neuron

c. . Supporting cell

d. . Multipolar neuron

20 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

21 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Cones

c. . Uvea

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Rods

22 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Endolymph

c. . Air

d. . Lymph

e. . Blood

23 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Compact bone

24 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Cornea

e. . Choroid

25 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

26 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Endothelium

d. . Descemet's membrane

27 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

b. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

c. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

30 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

32 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. area cribosa.

c. mesangium

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. vascular pole.

33 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. sebaceous glands.

b. submucosal glands.

c. lymphatic glands.

d. eccrine sweat glands.

e. mammary glands.

34 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. podocytes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

36 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

c. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

e. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

37 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

38 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

e. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

40 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

c. stratum granulosum.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum lucidum.

41 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. There are six layers to the epidermis.

b. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

42 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. dermis

c. mucosa

d. epidermis

e. lamina propria

43 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. endothelium.

e. dense fibrous connective tissue.

44 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. mucosa

b. dermis

c. hypodermis

d. lamina propria

e. epidermis

45 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

46 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

b. melanocytes

c. Langerhans cells.

d. Merkel cells.

e. fibroblasts

47 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. lamina propria

c. epidermis

d. hypodermis

e. mucosa

48 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. columns of Bertin.

b. papillae

c. calyces

d. medullary rays.

e. renal lobules.

49 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum basale of epidermis.

b. papillary dermis

c. dermis

d. stratum corneum of epidermis

e. hypodermis

50 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

51 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobular arteries.

b. interlobar arteries.

c. vasa recta.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. afferent arteries.

52 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. stratum corneum

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. lamina propria

e. hypodermis

53 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. vasa recta.

e. arcuate arteries.

54 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. papilla

d. calyx

e. medulla

55 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. hilus.

c. medulla.

d. calyx.

e. pelvis.

56 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. fenestrated endothelium.

d. podocytes foot processes.

e. continuous endothelium.

57 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. hypodermis

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. epidermis

58 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

59 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. podocytes

b. cuboidal cells.

c. pericytes

d. squamous cells.

e. mesangial cells.

60 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. hair follicle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

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