Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. hair follicle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

2 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

b. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

c. epidermis and dermis.

d. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

e. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

3 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

c. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

6 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. podocytes

b. cuboidal cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. squamous cells.

e. pericytes

7 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum corneum

b. stratum basale

c. stratum lucidum

d. thick skin

e. stratum granulosum

8 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. dermis

b. stratum basale of epidermis.

c. hypodermis

d. stratum corneum of epidermis

e. papillary dermis

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

10 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

11 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

12 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 nanometers.

b. 30 and 35 micrometers.

c. 300 and 350 micrometers.

d. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

e. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

13 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. mesangium.

b. urinary (tubular) pole

c. area cribosa.

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. vascular pole.

14 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. cortex

c. medulla

d. calyx

e. papillae

15 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

c. endothelium.

d. adipose connective tissue.

e. dense fibrous connective tissue.

16 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. calyx

b. cortex

c. papillae

d. medulla

e. pelvis

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

18 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. simple columnar epithelial cells.

d. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

e. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

c. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

20 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum lucidum.

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

22 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary fenestrations.

b. capillary endothelial cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

e. podocyte foot processes

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

d. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

24 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum granulosum.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

25 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. hair follicles.

b. sweat glands.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. arrector pili.

e. apocrine sweat glands.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

d. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

28 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. peritubular capillaries.

29 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. aldosterone.

b. antiduretic hormone.

c. renin.

d. angiotensinogen.

e. urea.

30 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

31 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Outer phalangeal cells

b. . Inner border cells

c. . Cells of Hensen

d. . Hair cells

e. . Inner pillar cells

32 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Optic disc

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Os

33 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Bipolar neuron

b. . Unipolar neuron

c. . Multipolar neuron

d. . Supporting cell

34 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Air

b. . Endolymph

c. . Lymph

d. . Perilymph

e. . Blood

35 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Muller's cells

b. . Huxley's layer

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Cones

36 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

37 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Schlemm

b. . Canal of Hering

c. . Canaliculi

d. . Canal of Muller

e. . Canal of Descemet

38 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

39 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Compact bone

40 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

e. . Substantia propria

41 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Cornea

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ora serrata

42 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Iris

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Choroid

e. . Sclera

43 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Ciliary muscle

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Iris

d. . Sclera

e. . Choroid

44 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Langerhans cell

b. . Microglia

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Kupffer cells

e. . Dust cell

45 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Optic disc

46 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

47 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Simple columnar

c. . Stratified squamous

d. . Simple cuboidal

e. . Simple squamous

48 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveolar sacs

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Bronchi

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar ducts

49 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

50 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

51 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 4

b. . 5

c. . 1

d. . 2

e. . 3

52 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

53 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Rods

c. . Henle's layer

d. . Amacrine cells

e. . Ganglion cells

54 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Rods, Cones

e. . Bipolar cells

55 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

56 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Saccule

d. . Utricle

e. . Saccule, Utricle

57 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Uvea

c. . Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Ganglion cells

58 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

59 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Endolymph

c. . Lymph

d. . Air

e. . Blood

60 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Movement

b. . Vibration

c. . Sound

d. . Position

Your score is

The average score is 71%

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