Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

2 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Myofibrils

b. . Reticular fibers

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Elastic fibers

3 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

4 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Air

c. . Perilymph

d. . Endolymph

e. . Lymph

5 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Epithelium

d. . Endothelium

6 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Rods

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Cones

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ganglion cells

7 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

8 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

9 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Olfactory cells

10 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

11 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Air

c. . Lymph

d. . Endolymph

e. . Blood

12 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Terminal bronchiole

13 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

14 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Descemet

b. . Canal of Hering

c. . Canaliculi

d. . Canal of Muller

e. . Canal of Schlemm

15 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

16 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Cells of Hensen

b. . Inner pillar cells

c. . Outer phalangeal cells

d. . Inner border cells

e. . Hair cells

17 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina vitrea

18 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Supporting cells

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Neurons

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Ciliary body

19 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Fovea centralis

20 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Semicircular canals

21 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

22 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

23 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Pigment epithelium

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Cones

d. . Huxley's layer

e. . Muller's cells

24 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Rods, Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Cones

25 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Retina

b. . Uvea

c. . Choroid

d. . Cornea

e. . Sclera

26 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Multipolar neuron

b. . Supporting cell

c. . Bipolar neuron

d. . Unipolar neuron

27 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Uvea

c. . Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Rods

28 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Clara cell

29 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Fibrocartilage

30 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

c. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

d. modified smooth muscle cells.

e. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

31 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. calyces

b. papillae

c. columns of Bertin.

d. renal lobules.

e. medullary rays.

32 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

33 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. hair follicle.

34 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

35 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

b. transitional epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

36 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. apocrine sweat glands.

b. sweat glands.

c. hair follicles.

d. arrector pili.

e. sebaceous glands.

37 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

c. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

e. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

38 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. dermis

b. papillary dermis

c. hypodermis

d. stratum basale of epidermis.

e. stratum corneum of epidermis

39 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. hypodermis

c. mucosa

d. lamina propria

e. epidermis

40 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

41 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Langerhans cell

b. keratinocyte

c. melanocyte

d. myoepithelial cell

e. Merkel cell

42 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

43 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

44 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. proximal urethra.

b. bladder.

c. ureter.

d. renal pelvis.

e. Bowman's capsule.

45 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

46 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

47 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

d. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

49 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

50 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. hair follicle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. arrector pili muscle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

51 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 nanometers.

d. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 micrometers.

52 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. stratum basale

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum granulosum

e. thick skin

53 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. afferent arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. interlobar arteries.

d. interlobular arteries.

e. arcuate arteries.

54 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. lamina propria

c. epidermis

d. mucosa

e. dermis

55 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. continuous endothelium.

c. podocytes foot processes.

d. fenestrated endothelium.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

56 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. papillae

c. calyx

d. pelvis

e. medulla

57 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

58 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

59 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

60 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

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The average score is 79%

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