Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocyte foot processes.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. fibroblasts

e. pericytes

2 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

3 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. stratum basale

c. stratum corneum

d. thick skin

e. stratum granulosum

4 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

6 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. efferent arterioles.

7 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. medulla.

c. calyx.

d. pelvis.

e. hilus.

8 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

9 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

c. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

11 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. proximal convoluted tubule.

b. collecting duct.

c. distal convoluted tubule.

d. loop of Henle.

e. glomerulus.

12 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. Merkel cells.

c. melanocytes

d. fibroblasts

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

13 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. proximal urethra.

b. renal pelvis.

c. ureter.

d. bladder.

e. Bowman's capsule.

14 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

d. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

b. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

c. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

b. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

17 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

c. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

d. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

18 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

b. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

19 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. cuboidal cells.

b. pericytes

c. mesangial cells.

d. squamous cells.

e. podocytes

20 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. calyx

b. papilla

c. medulla

d. cortex

e. pelvis

21 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. afferent arteries.

b. interlobular arteries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. interlobar arteries.

22 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. medullary rays.

b. calyces

c. renal lobules.

d. papillae

e. columns of Bertin.

23 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. papillae

c. calyx

d. medulla

e. pelvis

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

25 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. medulla

c. hilus

d. cortex

e. capsule

26 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

27 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Merkel cell

b. myoepithelial cell

c. melanocyte

d. keratinocyte

e. Langerhans cell

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

29 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

30 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. papillary dermis

b. hypodermis

c. dermis

d. stratum basale of epidermis.

e. stratum corneum of epidermis

31 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. dense fibrous connective tissue.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. adipose connective tissue.

32 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

33 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

34 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

b. epidermis and dermis.

c. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

d. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

e. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

35 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Movement

b. . Vibration

c. . Sound

d. . Position

36 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Rods

e. . Pigmented epithelium

37 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Iris

d. . Lens

e. . Choroid

38 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Supporting cells

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Neurons

39 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner border cells

b. . Hair cells

c. . Outer phalangeal cells

d. . Inner pillar cells

e. . Cells of Hensen

40 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Huxley's layer

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Muller's cells

41 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Cones

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Rods

42 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

43 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

44 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Ciliary muscle

c. . Tarsus

d. . Orbicularis oculi

e. . Internal oblique muscle

45 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Endothelium

46 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Optic disc

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

47 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

48 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Fovea centralis

49 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

50 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Perilymph

e. . Blood

51 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Reticular fibers

b. . Collagen fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Myofibrils

e. . Elastic fibers

52 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

53 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Uvea

e. . Bipolar cells

54 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

55 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Clara cell

56 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 10

b. . 2

c. . 1

d. . 5

e. . 4

57 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

58 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

59 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

60 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Amacrine cells

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Rods

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Henle's layer

Your score is

The average score is 84%

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