Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Langerhans cell

c. . Kupffer cells

d. . Histiocyte

e. . Microglia

2 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Alveolar sacs

e. . Bronchi

3 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Lamina cribrosa

4 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

5 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Dust cell

6 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Spongy bone

e. . Compact bone

7 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Olfactory cells

8 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Iris

c. . Choroid

d. . Cornea

e. . Ora serrata

9 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Iris

c. . Sclera

d. . Cornea

e. . Pigmented epithelium

10 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber

11 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Oval ligament

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Zonlular fibers

e. . Spiral ligament

12 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Os

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ora serrate

13 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

14 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Terminal bronchiole

15 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Perilymph

d. . Air

e. . Blood

16 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Choroid

b. . Uvea

c. . Sclera

d. . Retina

e. . Cornea

17 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Terminal bronchiole

18 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

19 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Utricle

20 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

21 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Endolymph

c. . Perilymph

d. . Air

e. . Blood

22 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Compact bone

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

e. . Spongy bone

23 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Choroid

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Lens

e. . Iris

24 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Epithelium

25 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

26 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Huxley's layer

b. . Cones

c. . Muller's cells

d. . Pigment epithelium

e. . Horizontal cells

27 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Vibration

b. . Position

c. . Movement

d. . Sound

28 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

c. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

c. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

31 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. pericytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. podocytes

e. fibroblasts

32 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. melanocyte

c. myoepithelial cell

d. Langerhans cell

e. keratinocyte

33 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

c. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. collecting duct epithelium.

e. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

34 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. There are six layers to the epidermis.

d. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

35 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

36 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

37 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

38 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

40 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

41 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

b. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

42 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. mesangial cells.

b. pericytes

c. podocytes

d. cuboidal cells.

e. squamous cells.

43 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

44 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

b. melanocytes

c. fibroblasts

d. Langerhans cells.

e. Merkel cells.

45 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

c. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

e. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

46 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

b. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

47 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

48 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. peritubular capillaries.

49 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. podocytes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

50 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. efferent arterioles.

51 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

d. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

e. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

52 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

53 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

54 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

55 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

56 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole

b. mesangium.

c. vascular pole.

d. area cribosa.

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

57 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hairy skin

b. papillary dermis

c. stratum granulosum

d. hair follicle

e. pilosebaceous unit

58 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. distal convoluted tubule.

c. collecting duct.

d. glomerulus.

e. proximal convoluted tubule.

59 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. arrector pili muscle

b. Meissner's corpuscles

c. epidermal appendages

d. sweat gland ducts

e. dermal papillae

60 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. macula densa.

e. podocytes.

Your score is

The average score is 75%

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