Histologie Test – testnisset.com

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. papillae

c. calyx

d. medulla

e. pelvis

2 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

3 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. mucosa

c. dermis

d. epidermis

e. lamina propria

4 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. epidermis

c. lamina propria

d. mucosa

e. dermis

5 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

6 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

c. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

d. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

7 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. hypodermis

c. mucosa

d. lamina propria

e. epidermis

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

9 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobular arteries.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. interlobar arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. afferent arteries.

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

c. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

11 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

12 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hairy skin

b. pilosebaceous unit

c. papillary dermis

d. hair follicle

e. stratum granulosum

13 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. hilus.

b. cortex.

c. medulla.

d. calyx.

e. pelvis.

14 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

d. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

17 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. collecting duct epithelium.

e. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

18 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum basale of epidermis.

b. hypodermis

c. dermis

d. stratum corneum of epidermis

e. papillary dermis

19 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

20 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. stratum corneum

c. thick skin

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum lucidum

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

22 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. papillary layer of dermis.

b. hypodermis

c. lamina propria

d. stratum corneum

e. reticular layer of dermis.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

b. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

c. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

d. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

26 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocytes.

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

e. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

28 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. columnar epithelium.

b. glandular epithelium.

c. squamous epithelium.

d. lymphocytes

e. smooth muscle.

29 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. mesangial cells.

b. capillary endothelial cells.

c. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

d. capillary fenestrations.

e. podocyte foot processes

30 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. vasa recta.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. afferent arterioles.

31 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. mesangium.

c. area cribosa.

d. urinary (tubular) pole

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

32 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. renin.

b. urea.

c. antiduretic hormone.

d. aldosterone.

e. angiotensinogen.

33 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

b. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

c. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

34 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. arrector pili muscle

b. Meissner's corpuscles

c. sweat gland ducts

d. dermal papillae

e. epidermal appendages

35 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. cortex

b. medulla

c. pelvis

d. papilla

e. calyx

36 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Sclera

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Pigmented epithelium

37 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

38 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

39 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Crista ampullaris

e. . Cochlea

40 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Orbicularis oculi

b. . Tarsus

c. . Internal oblique muscle

d. . Levator muscle

e. . Ciliary muscle

41 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Endolymph

c. . Air

d. . Blood

e. . Perilymph

42 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Terminal bronchiole

43 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

44 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Sclera

c. . Cornea

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Iris

45 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Thyroid cartilage

b. . Epiglottis

c. . Arytenoid cartilage

d. . Cricoid cartilage

e. . Corniculate cartilage

46 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Os

b. . Optic disc

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Lamina cribrosa

47 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

48 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

49 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

50 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Langerhans cell

b. . Microglia

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Kupffer cells

51 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

52 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ciliary muscle

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Choroid

53 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

54 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

55 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 5

b. . 10

c. . 4

d. . 2

e. . 1

56 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

57 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Pseudounipolar

b. . Unipolar

c. . Multipolar

d. . Bipolar

e. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

58 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

59 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Larynx

c. . Trachea

d. . Bronchi

60 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

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