Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

2 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Lamina cribrosa

3 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

4 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala vestibuli

5 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

6 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Clara cell

7 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

8 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Huxley's layer

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Muller's cells

e. . Horizontal cells

9 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Bowman's membrane

10 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Outer phalangeal cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Hair cells

d. . Inner pillar cells

e. . Inner border cells

11 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Uvea

b. . Rods

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Cones

e. . Bipolar cells

12 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

13 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Compact bone

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Hyaline cartilage

14 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Orbicularis oculi

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Tarsus

d. . Levator muscle

e. . Ciliary muscle

15 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar

b. . Multipolar

c. . Pseudounipolar

d. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

e. . Bipolar

16 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

17 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Endothelium

18 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Endothelium

c. . Epithelium

d. . Descemet's membrane

e. . Bowman's membrane

19 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Cornea

d. . Iris

e. . Ora serrata

20 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

21 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Iris

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Choroid

e. . Sclera

22 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Retina

b. . Choroid

c. . Sclera

d. . Uvea

e. . Cornea

23 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

24 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Cornea

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Sclera

e. . Choroid

25 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

26 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Uvea

b. . Rods

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Cones

e. . Ganglion cells

27 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

28 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

29 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

30 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

31 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Pigmented epithelium

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

b. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

c. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

33 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. epidermal appendages

b. arrector pili muscle

c. Meissner's corpuscles

d. dermal papillae

e. sweat gland ducts

34 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. podocytes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

35 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. endothelium.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. transitional epithelium.

36 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. vasa recta.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. afferent arterioles.

37 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

38 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum lucidum

d. thick skin

e. stratum basale

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

40 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

41 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum granulosum

42 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

43 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

44 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. area cribosa.

d. mesangium.

e. urinary (tubular) pole

45 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. papillae

b. medulla

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. calyx

46 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocytes.

47 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. collecting duct.

b. proximal convoluted tubule.

c. glomerulus.

d. loop of Henle.

e. distal convoluted tubule.

48 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

b. There are six layers to the epidermis.

c. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

49 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. medullary rays.

b. columns of Bertin.

c. renal lobules.

d. calyces

e. papillae

50 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

51 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. podocytes foot processes.

b. fenestrated endothelium.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. mesangial cells.

52 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. melanocyte

b. Langerhans cell

c. Merkel cell

d. myoepithelial cell

e. keratinocyte

53 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. calyx

b. papillae

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. medulla

54 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. mucosa

b. lamina propria

c. epidermis

d. dermis

e. hypodermis

55 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

c. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

56 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

57 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. lamina propria

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. stratum corneum

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. hypodermis

58 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

59 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum granulosum.

e. stratum corneum.

60 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

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