Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. melanocyte

c. keratinocyte

d. Langerhans cell

e. Merkel cell

2 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. endothelium.

d. adipose connective tissue.

e. dense fibrous connective tissue.

3 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. mucosa

c. epidermis

d. hypodermis

e. lamina propria

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

5 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. urea.

b. angiotensinogen.

c. aldosterone.

d. renin.

e. antiduretic hormone.

6 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. hair follicle.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

8 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

10 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

e. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

13 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. medulla

b. pelvis

c. calyx

d. papillae

e. cortex

14 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. vasa recta.

e. afferent arterioles.

15 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. papillae

b. pelvis

c. calyx

d. medulla

e. cortex

16 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum granulosum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

18 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

19 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. mesangial cells.

d. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

e. podocytes.

20 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 micrometers.

b. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 nanometers.

d. 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

21 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

c. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. collecting duct epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

22 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

24 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. calyx.

c. medulla.

d. pelvis.

e. hilus.

25 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hair follicle

b. papillary dermis

c. hairy skin

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. stratum granulosum

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

27 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum lucidum.

28 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

b. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

c. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

d. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

e. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

29 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. epidermal appendages

b. sweat gland ducts

c. dermal papillae

d. arrector pili muscle

e. Meissner's corpuscles

30 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

b. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

e. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

31 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

32 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

33 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Clara cell

34 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Choroid

d. . Sclera

e. . Pigmented epithelium

35 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

36 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Ciliary muscle

c. . Orbicularis oculi

d. . Tarsus

e. . Internal oblique muscle

37 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

38 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

39 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Saccule

d. . Cochlea

e. . Utricle

40 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

41 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Optic disc

e. . Os

42 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods, Cones

d. . Rods

e. . Bipolar cells

43 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

44 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Saccule

b. . Crista ampullaris

c. . Cochlea

d. . Utricle

e. . Semicircular canals

45 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

46 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Epithelium

d. . Substantia propria

47 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Pigment epithelium

b. . Cones

c. . Muller's cells

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Huxley's layer

48 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Perilymph

e. . Endolymph

49 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner border cells

b. . Outer phalangeal cells

c. . Cells of Hensen

d. . Inner pillar cells

e. . Hair cells

50 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

51 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber

52 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Transitional epithelium

53 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Horizontal cells

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Rods

e. . Cones

54 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

55 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

56 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

57 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Bronchi

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Alveolar sacs

e. . Alveoli

58 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule

e. . Saccule, Utricle

59 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Os

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

60 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Myofibrils

b. . Collagen fibers

c. . Elastic fibers

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Purkinje fibers

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