Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Uvea

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Cones

e. . Rods

2 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Utricle

e. . Semicircular canals

3 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Horizontal cells

d. . Cones

e. . Rods

4 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Optic disc

5 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Fibrocartilage

6 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule

b. . Utricle

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule, Utricle

7 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

8 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Descemet's membrane

e. . Substantia propria

9 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

10 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Transitional epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

11 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

12 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Olfactory cells

13 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Blood

c. . Air

d. . Endolymph

e. . Lymph

14 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

15 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Bowman's membrane

16 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Optic disc

17 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Epithelium

e. . Descemet's membrane

18 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Pseudostratified epithelium

19 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

20 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveoli

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

21 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Cornea

c. . Sclera

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Ciliary body

22 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Uvea

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Cones

e. . Ganglion cells

23 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Cornea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

24 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Bipolar neuron

b. . Unipolar neuron

c. . Multipolar neuron

d. . Supporting cell

25 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Orbicularis oculi

b. . Levator muscle

c. . Internal oblique muscle

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Tarsus

26 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Spiral ligament

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Zonlular fibers

27 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

28 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

c. fibroblasts

d. Merkel cells.

e. melanocytes

29 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole.

b. area cribosa.

c. mesangium

d. vascular pole.

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

30 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

c. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

d. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

e. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

32 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum basale of epidermis.

b. stratum corneum of epidermis

c. hypodermis

d. papillary dermis

e. dermis

33 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

b. epidermis and dermis.

c. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

d. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

e. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

34 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

b. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

36 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

b. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

c. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

37 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. vasa recta.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. afferent arterioles.

38 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. stratum corneum

b. hypodermis

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. lamina propria

e. reticular layer of dermis.

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

40 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. mesangium.

b. area cribosa.

c. urinary (tubular) pole

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. vascular pole.

41 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sebaceous glands.

b. arrector pili.

c. apocrine sweat glands.

d. hair follicles.

e. sweat glands.

42 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

43 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. mucosa

c. epidermis

d. lamina propria

e. hypodermis

44 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

d. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

45 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. fenestrated endothelium.

c. podocytes foot processes.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

46 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Langerhans cell

b. Merkel cell

c. melanocyte

d. keratinocyte

e. myoepithelial cell

47 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

c. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

48 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

49 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

50 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. thin skin

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum spinosum

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum basale

51 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. hypodermis

d. epidermis

e. reticular layer of dermis.

52 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

53 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. simple columnar epithelial cells.

54 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

55 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

56 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

57 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

b. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

c. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

d. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

58 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. podocytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. cuboidal cells.

d. pericytes

e. squamous cells.

59 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

d. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

60 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

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The average score is 79%

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