Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

2 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

3 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

4 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

5 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Cones

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Rods

6 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Internal oblique muscle

b. . Levator muscle

c. . Tarsus

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Orbicularis oculi

7 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Compact bone

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Fibrocartilage

8 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Olfactory cells

9 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Neurons

e. . Receptor cells

10 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Rods

c. . Rods, Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Cones

11 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

12 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

13 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

14 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

15 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Posterior chamber

16 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

17 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Rods

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Cones

18 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

19 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

20 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Bipolar neuron

b. . Multipolar neuron

c. . Unipolar neuron

d. . Supporting cell

21 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Sclera

b. . Retina

c. . Choroid

d. . Cornea

e. . Uvea

22 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

23 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Choroid

d. . Sclera

e. . Pigmented epithelium

24 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

25 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Semicircular canals

26 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Os

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ora serrate

27 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Cornea

c. . Sclera

d. . Iris

e. . Ora serrata

28 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

29 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveolar ducts

b. . Alveolar sacs

c. . Alveoli

d. . Bronchi

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

31 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

32 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. secretory portion of sweat gland.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. sebaceous gland.

33 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

34 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. melanocytes

b. Langerhans cells.

c. Merkel cells.

d. fibroblasts

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

35 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. epidermis

d. hypodermis

e. papillary layer of dermis.

36 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. Bowman's capsule.

b. ureter.

c. renal pelvis.

d. bladder.

e. proximal urethra.

37 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hairy skin

b. hair follicle

c. pilosebaceous unit

d. stratum granulosum

e. papillary dermis

38 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. mesangial cells.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

39 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

40 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

41 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. mucosa

c. dermis

d. epidermis

e. hypodermis

42 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

b. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

c. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

d. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

e. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

43 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. cortex

b. papilla

c. medulla

d. calyx

e. pelvis

44 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

45 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

b. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

c. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

46 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

47 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

d. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

49 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

c. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

d. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

50 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

51 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

e. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

52 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

b. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

e. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

53 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

54 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum corneum.

55 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

d. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

56 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. thick skin

c. stratum basale

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

57 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. calyx

b. medulla

c. cortex

d. pelvis

e. papillae

58 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

59 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. fibroblasts

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocyte foot processes.

e. pericytes

60 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

b. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

d. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

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