Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

3 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

4 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

5 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

d. modified smooth muscle cells.

e. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

6 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

8 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. There are six layers to the epidermis.

b. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

9 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. cortex

b. papillae

c. calyx

d. medulla

e. pelvis

10 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. calyx.

b. pelvis.

c. hilus.

d. medulla.

e. cortex.

11 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

e. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

13 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. pericytes

b. podocytes

c. fibroblasts

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

14 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. vascular pole.

c. mesangium

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. area cribosa.

15 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum granulosum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

16 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

17 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

b. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

19 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. fibroblasts

b. Langerhans cells.

c. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

d. Merkel cells.

e. melanocytes

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

e. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

21 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary fenestrations.

b. mesangial cells.

c. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. capillary endothelial cells.

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

c. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

23 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

24 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. hair follicle.

25 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. calyces

b. medullary rays.

c. columns of Bertin.

d. renal lobules.

e. papillae

26 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum granulosum

27 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. lamina propria

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. hypodermis

e. stratum corneum

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

b. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

29 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. calyx.

c. cortex

d. papillae.

e. medulla.

30 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

b. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

31 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. apocrine sweat glands.

b. hair follicles.

c. sweat glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. arrector pili.

32 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

d. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

e. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

33 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. capsule

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. medulla

e. hilus

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

35 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum basale of epidermis.

b. papillary dermis

c. stratum corneum of epidermis

d. dermis

e. hypodermis

36 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

e. . Posterior chamber

37 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Cornea

e. . Sclera

38 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Descemet's membrane

39 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods, Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Cones

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

40 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Saccule, Utricle

41 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

42 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Uvea

d. . Rods

e. . Ganglion cells

43 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Unipolar neuron

b. . Supporting cell

c. . Multipolar neuron

d. . Bipolar neuron

44 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

b. . Unipolar

c. . Pseudounipolar

d. . Multipolar

e. . Bipolar

45 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

46 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Stratified squamous

b. . Simple cuboidal

c. . Simple squamous

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple columnar

47 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

48 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Cochlea

c. . Crista ampullaris

d. . Saccule

e. . Utricle

49 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

50 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

51 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

52 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Iris

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Sclera

e. . Cornea

53 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Collagen fibers

c. . Myofibrils

d. . Purkinje fibers

e. . Reticular fibers

54 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

55 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Rods

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Cones

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Horizontal cells

56 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Cones

d. . Uvea

e. . Ganglion cells

57 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Trachea

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Bronchi

d. . Larynx

58 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Perilymph

c. . Air

d. . Blood

e. . Endolymph

59 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

60 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 2

b. . 4

c. . 10

d. . 1

e. . 5

Your score is

The average score is 75%

Any comments?

Any problems/errors or mistakes found while testing, please let us know for modification!

និស្សិតអាចប្រាប់មកកាន់ពួកយើងបានដើម្បីកែកំហុស ឬអំពីបញ្ហាដោយអចេតនាណាមួយដែលកើតមានកំឡុងពេលធ្វើតេស្ត