Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

c. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

3 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

4 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. podocytes

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. pericytes

d. fibroblasts

e. mesangial cells.

5 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

7 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

b. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

d. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

e. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

9 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. mesangium.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. area cribosa.

d. vascular pole.

e. urinary (tubular) pole

10 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. vasa recta.

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

12 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. ureter.

b. proximal urethra.

c. bladder.

d. renal pelvis.

e. Bowman's capsule.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

15 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum basale

d. thin skin

e. stratum spinosum

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

17 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. hair follicles.

b. apocrine sweat glands.

c. arrector pili.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. sweat glands.

18 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

c. transitional epithelium.

d. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. collecting duct epithelium.

19 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. medulla

b. calyx

c. cortex

d. pelvis

e. papillae

20 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. hair follicle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. sebaceous gland.

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

22 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

e. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

24 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. hypodermis

b. lamina propria

c. mucosa

d. dermis

e. epidermis

25 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

c. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

26 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. not epithelial cells.

27 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

b. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

29 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. papillary dermis

b. stratum corneum of epidermis

c. stratum basale of epidermis.

d. hypodermis

e. dermis

30 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. collecting duct.

c. glomerulus.

d. loop of Henle.

e. proximal convoluted tubule.

31 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

32 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Choroid

d. . Iris

e. . Ciliary muscle

33 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Sclera

d. . Choroid

e. . Pigmented epithelium

34 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Compact bone

35 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

36 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Bipolar

b. . Pseudounipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Multipolar

e. . Unipolar

37 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner pillar cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Hair cells

d. . Inner border cells

e. . Outer phalangeal cells

38 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Endothelium

e. . Descemet's membrane

39 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Tarsus

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Levator muscle

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Orbicularis oculi

40 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Corniculate cartilage

b. . Cricoid cartilage

c. . Thyroid cartilage

d. . Epiglottis

e. . Arytenoid cartilage

41 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

42 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

43 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Os

44 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Sound

b. . Movement

c. . Vibration

d. . Position

45 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Descemet's membrane

e. . Bowman's membrane

46 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Uvea

c. . Rods

d. . Cones

e. . Bipolar cells

47 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Fibrocartilage

48 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Crista ampullaris

b. . Cochlea

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Utricle

49 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Neurons

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Receptor cells

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Ciliary body

50 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

51 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

52 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Alveolar ducts

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Alveolar sacs

e. . Alveoli

53 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala tympani

54 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Cones

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Rods

55 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Epithelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Endothelium

56 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Utricle

57 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

58 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Cones

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Uvea

59 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Iris

c. . Sclera

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Pigmented epithelium

60 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Saccule

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The average score is 60%

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