Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. papillae

b. calyx

c. cortex

d. medulla

e. pelvis

2 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. apocrine sweat glands.

b. sweat glands.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. hair follicles.

e. arrector pili.

3 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. dermis

b. hypodermis

c. stratum corneum of epidermis

d. papillary dermis

e. stratum basale of epidermis.

4 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes foot processes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. fenestrated endothelium.

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

7 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

b. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

8 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

d. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

e. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

9 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. arrector pili muscle

b. epidermal appendages

c. sweat gland ducts

d. Meissner's corpuscles

e. dermal papillae

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

d. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

11 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. mucosa

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. lamina propria

12 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

e. not epithelial cells.

13 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

14 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

b. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

c. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

d. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

e. epidermis and dermis.

15 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. papillary layer of dermis.

b. stratum corneum

c. hypodermis

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. lamina propria

16 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. vascular pole.

c. area cribosa.

d. mesangium

e. urinary (tubular) pole.

17 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. fibroblasts

b. podocyte foot processes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. pericytes

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

c. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

e. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

22 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. squamous cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes

d. cuboidal cells.

e. pericytes

23 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. calyces

b. papillae

c. renal lobules.

d. medullary rays.

e. columns of Bertin.

24 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

25 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. There are six layers to the epidermis.

c. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

d. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

e. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

26 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum

b. thin skin

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum basale

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

28 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobar arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. interlobular arteries.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. afferent arteries.

29 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. urea.

b. aldosterone.

c. antiduretic hormone.

d. angiotensinogen.

e. renin.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

31 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Merkel cells.

b. melanocytes

c. fibroblasts

d. Langerhans cells.

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

32 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

33 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

d. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

34 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. podocytes.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

c. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

36 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Os

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Lamina cribrosa

37 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveoli

38 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Hering

b. . Canaliculi

c. . Canal of Schlemm

d. . Canal of Muller

e. . Canal of Descemet

39 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Horizontal cells

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Ganglion cells

40 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Clara cell

41 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Basal cells

42 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule

43 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Perilymph

c. . Air

d. . Lymph

e. . Blood

44 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

45 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

46 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Optic disc

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Os

47 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 1

b. . 5

c. . 2

d. . 4

e. . 3

48 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Epithelium

49 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Outer phalangeal cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Inner pillar cells

d. . Inner border cells

e. . Hair cells

50 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Epiglottis

b. . Cricoid cartilage

c. . Arytenoid cartilage

d. . Corniculate cartilage

e. . Thyroid cartilage

51 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

52 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Air

d. . Perilymph

e. . Blood

53 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Oval ligament

c. . Zonlular fibers

d. . Spiral ligament

e. . Purkinje fibers

54 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Utricle

c. . Crista ampullaris

d. . Cochlea

e. . Saccule

55 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Tarsus

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Ciliary muscle

d. . Orbicularis oculi

e. . Levator muscle

56 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Alveolar sacs

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar ducts

57 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

58 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

59 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

60 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

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