Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary endothelial cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

d. capillary fenestrations.

e. podocyte foot processes

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

3 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

4 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. podocytes.

c. macula densa.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

5 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

b. transitional epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. collecting duct epithelium.

e. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

6 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. mucosa

c. hypodermis

d. dermis

e. lamina propria

7 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

b. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

c. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

8 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. medulla.

c. pelvis.

d. cortex

e. calyx.

9 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

b. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

c. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

d. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

e. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

11 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

b. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

13 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. fibroblasts

c. podocyte foot processes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. pericytes

14 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

15 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. pilosebaceous unit

b. papillary dermis

c. hair follicle

d. stratum granulosum

e. hairy skin

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

17 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sweat glands.

b. hair follicles.

c. apocrine sweat glands.

d. arrector pili.

e. sebaceous glands.

18 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

20 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

b. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

c. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

21 / 60

Which of the following is NOT an “epidermal appendage” (i.e., NOT comprised of epithelial tissue)?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. hair follicle.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

22 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

b. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

23 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. podocytes.

e. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

24 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. hair follicle.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

25 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum lucidum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum corneum.

26 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

b. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

c. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

d. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

29 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. vasa recta.

30 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber

31 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Semicircular canals

32 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Collagen fibers

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Myofibrils

33 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Cornea

34 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

35 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Bronchi

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar sacs

36 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Cornea

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Ora serrata

37 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Terminal bronchiole

38 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

39 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

40 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Descemet's membrane

41 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

42 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 5

b. . 4

c. . 2

d. . 3

e. . 1

43 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule

44 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Pseudounipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Unipolar

e. . Multipolar

45 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Terminal bronchiole

46 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Microglia

b. . Dust cell

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Kupffer cells

e. . Langerhans cell

47 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

48 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Os

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Lamina cribrosa

49 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Tarsus

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Levator muscle

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Orbicularis oculi

50 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 2

b. . 10

c. . 1

d. . 4

e. . 5

51 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina vitrea

52 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Os

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Optic disc

53 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lens

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

54 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Larynx

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Bronchi

d. . Trachea

55 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Crista ampullaris

b. . Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Cochlea

56 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Choroid

d. . Cornea

e. . Sclera

57 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Uvea

c. . Rods

d. . Cones

e. . Bipolar cells

58 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Sclera

59 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

60 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple squamous

b. . Stratified squamous

c. . Simple cuboidal

d. . Simple columnar

e. . Transitional epithelium

Your score is

The average score is 80%

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