Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

2 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. collecting duct.

c. distal convoluted tubule.

d. proximal convoluted tubule.

e. glomerulus.

3 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. papillary layer of dermis.

b. hypodermis

c. lamina propria

d. stratum corneum

e. reticular layer of dermis.

4 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. transitional epithelium.

b. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

5 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum basale

d. thick skin

e. stratum granulosum

6 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary endothelial cells.

b. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

c. podocyte foot processes

d. mesangial cells.

e. capillary fenestrations.

7 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. medulla.

c. hilus.

d. calyx.

e. cortex.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

10 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

11 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

b. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

15 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. vasa recta.

16 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. columns of Bertin.

b. calyces

c. renal lobules.

d. papillae

e. medullary rays.

17 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. lamina propria

c. hypodermis

d. epidermis

e. mucosa

18 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. continuous endothelium.

c. podocytes foot processes.

d. fenestrated endothelium.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

19 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

c. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

21 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. afferent arteries.

c. vasa recta.

d. interlobar arteries.

e. interlobular arteries.

22 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum lucidum.

23 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

24 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. podocytes

b. fibroblasts

c. pericytes

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

d. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

b. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

c. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

28 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. renin.

b. antiduretic hormone.

c. urea.

d. angiotensinogen.

e. aldosterone.

29 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Merkel cell

b. melanocyte

c. Langerhans cell

d. keratinocyte

e. myoepithelial cell

30 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

b. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

d. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

e. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

31 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

32 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

33 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

34 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Pseudounipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Multipolar

d. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

e. . Unipolar

35 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Alveolar ducts

c. . Alveolar sacs

d. . Alveoli

e. . Bronchi

36 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods

b. . Rods, Cones

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Cones

37 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Utricle

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Saccule

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Saccule, Utricle

38 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

39 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina cribrosa

40 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

41 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Iris

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Choroid

e. . Cornea

42 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Amacrine cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Henle's layer

43 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Olfactory cells

44 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

45 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Epithelium

d. . Substantia propria

46 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Trachea

c. . Larynx

d. . Bronchi

47 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 4

b. . 1

c. . 2

d. . 10

e. . 5

48 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala tympani

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Cochlear duct

49 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

50 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canaliculi

b. . Canal of Descemet

c. . Canal of Muller

d. . Canal of Hering

e. . Canal of Schlemm

51 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 2

b. . 4

c. . 3

d. . 5

e. . 1

52 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Position

b. . Vibration

c. . Movement

d. . Sound

53 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

54 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Os

b. . Optic disc

c. . Optic chiasm

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Lamina cribrosa

55 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Outer phalangeal cells

b. . Inner border cells

c. . Cells of Hensen

d. . Inner pillar cells

e. . Hair cells

56 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Lens

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Choroid

d. . Iris

e. . Ciliary body

57 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

58 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Receptor cells

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Neurons

59 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

60 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

Your score is

The average score is 79%

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