Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. lymphocytes

b. columnar epithelium.

c. glandular epithelium.

d. squamous epithelium.

e. smooth muscle.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

3 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. adipose connective tissue.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. endothelium.

4 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. hypodermis

b. stratum basale of epidermis.

c. stratum corneum of epidermis

d. dermis

e. papillary dermis

5 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. collecting duct.

b. glomerulus.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. distal convoluted tubule.

e. loop of Henle.

6 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

c. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

e. There are six layers to the epidermis.

7 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. medulla

b. papillae

c. cortex

d. pelvis

e. calyx

8 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

9 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. podocytes

b. squamous cells.

c. mesangial cells.

d. pericytes

e. cuboidal cells.

10 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum corneum

b. stratum lucidum

c. thick skin

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum basale

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

12 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. papillae

b. medulla

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. calyx

13 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

c. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

d. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

e. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

14 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. cortex

c. calyx.

d. pelvis.

e. medulla.

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

16 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. mesangial cells.

17 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

18 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. proximal urethra.

b. bladder.

c. renal pelvis.

d. ureter.

e. Bowman's capsule.

19 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. pericytes

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes

d. fibroblasts

e. mesangial cells.

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

21 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. arcuate arteries.

22 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

c. epidermis and dermis.

d. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

e. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

23 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. renal lobules.

b. medullary rays.

c. columns of Bertin.

d. calyces

e. papillae

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

b. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

25 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. mucosa

b. hypodermis

c. lamina propria

d. epidermis

e. dermis

26 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. medulla

b. papilla

c. calyx

d. cortex

e. pelvis

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

b. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

c. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

30 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum granulosum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

31 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

32 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Myofibrils

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Purkinje fibers

33 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Cones

c. . Uvea

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

34 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Henle's layer

c. . Rods

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Amacrine cells

35 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Choroid

d. . Cornea

e. . Sclera

36 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

37 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveoli

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

38 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canaliculi

b. . Canal of Hering

c. . Canal of Schlemm

d. . Canal of Muller

e. . Canal of Descemet

39 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Cones

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Horizontal cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Rods

40 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Ciliary body

41 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

42 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Saccule, Utricle

43 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Langerhans cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Kupffer cells

e. . Microglia

44 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Uvea

c. . Rods

d. . Cones

e. . Bipolar cells

45 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Os

46 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

47 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Bipolar

b. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

c. . Unipolar

d. . Pseudounipolar

e. . Multipolar

48 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

49 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Optic disc

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

50 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

51 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Pseudostratified epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

52 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Ciliary body

53 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Endothelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

54 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic disc

e. . Ciliary body

55 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

56 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods

b. . Rods, Cones

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Cones

e. . Ganglion cells

57 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Cones

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Rods

58 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Sclera

e. . Iris

59 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Compact bone

e. . Fibrocartilage

60 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Saccule

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The average score is 81%

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