Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Uvea

b. . Retina

c. . Cornea

d. . Sclera

e. . Choroid

2 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Fovea centralis

3 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Rods

c. . Cones

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Ganglion cells

4 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Horizontal cells

b. . Muller's cells

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Cones

e. . Huxley's layer

5 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Rods, Cones

e. . Bipolar cells

6 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Sclera

b. . Choroid

c. . Iris

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Ora serrata

7 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Ciliary body

8 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Cornea

e. . Sclera

9 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Rods

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Amacrine cells

e. . Henle's layer

10 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Endothelium

c. . Epithelium

d. . Substantia propria

11 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner pillar cells

b. . Hair cells

c. . Outer phalangeal cells

d. . Cells of Hensen

e. . Inner border cells

12 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Endothelium

e. . Lamina vitrea

13 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar duct

14 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Cornea

15 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Simple columnar

c. . Stratified squamous

d. . Simple cuboidal

e. . Simple squamous

16 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

17 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Respiratory bronchioles

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Alveolar sacs

e. . Bronchi

18 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Cones

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Uvea

19 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Choroid

c. . Cornea

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Sclera

20 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

21 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

22 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina vitrea

23 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Ciliary body

24 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

25 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

26 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Air

c. . Blood

d. . Lymph

e. . Perilymph

27 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Descemet

b. . Canal of Hering

c. . Canal of Schlemm

d. . Canal of Muller

e. . Canaliculi

28 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Choroid

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Sclera

29 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Ora serrate

b. . Optic disc

c. . Os

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic chiasm

30 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale

b. stratum spinosum

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum granulosum

e. thin skin

31 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. urea.

b. angiotensinogen.

c. antiduretic hormone.

d. aldosterone.

e. renin.

32 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. vasa recta.

e. afferent arterioles.

33 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sebaceous glands.

b. hair follicles.

c. arrector pili.

d. apocrine sweat glands.

e. sweat glands.

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

36 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. pelvis

c. calyx

d. cortex

e. papillae

37 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

38 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. podocytes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

39 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

b. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

c. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

40 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. transitional epithelium.

b. podocytes.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. mesangial cells.

e. macula densa.

41 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum granulosum.

42 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. hypodermis

c. dermis

d. mucosa

e. lamina propria

43 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. pelvis.

c. hilus.

d. calyx.

e. medulla.

44 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. medullary rays.

b. calyces

c. renal lobules.

d. papillae

e. columns of Bertin.

45 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

46 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

d. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

47 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

c. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

d. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

e. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

c. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

49 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

d. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

50 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

b. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

c. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

d. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

51 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. simple squamous epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

52 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. podocytes foot processes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. continuous endothelium.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. fenestrated endothelium.

53 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

e. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

54 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum corneum of epidermis

b. dermis

c. hypodermis

d. stratum basale of epidermis.

e. papillary dermis

55 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

56 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

d. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

57 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

b. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

58 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. calyx.

b. papillae.

c. cortex

d. pelvis.

e. medulla.

59 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

60 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. not epithelial cells.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

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