Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

2 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. hair follicle.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

c. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

d. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

e. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

5 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. hypodermis

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. sweat gland.

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. epidermis

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

d. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

e. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

7 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

e. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Prolactin and oxytocin are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

9 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. lymphocytes

b. columnar epithelium.

c. smooth muscle.

d. squamous epithelium.

e. glandular epithelium.

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

c. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

d. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

11 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

13 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. mesangial cells.

b. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

c. podocyte foot processes

d. capillary endothelial cells.

e. capillary fenestrations.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

15 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. Langerhans cell

c. keratinocyte

d. melanocyte

e. Merkel cell

16 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. hair follicle.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. arrector pili muscle.

17 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum spinosum

d. stratum basale

e. thin skin

18 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

19 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. apocrine sweat glands.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. hair follicles.

e. sweat glands.

20 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. calyx.

c. pelvis.

d. medulla.

e. cortex

21 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

d. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

22 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. mucosa

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. epidermis

23 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. pelvis

c. cortex

d. hilus

e. capsule

24 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. thick skin

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum lucidum

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum basale

25 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. lamina propria

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. hypodermis

d. stratum corneum

e. reticular layer of dermis.

26 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. afferent arteries.

b. interlobular arteries.

c. arcuate arteries.

d. interlobar arteries.

e. vasa recta.

27 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

28 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina vitrea

29 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Inner pillar cells

b. . Cells of Hensen

c. . Inner border cells

d. . Hair cells

e. . Outer phalangeal cells

30 / 60

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Larynx

b. . Bronchi

c. . Respiratory bronchioles

d. . Trachea

31 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Pigment epithelium

b. . Huxley's layer

c. . Muller's cells

d. . Cones

e. . Horizontal cells

32 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Microglia

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Kupffer cells

e. . Langerhans cell

33 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Air

c. . Perilymph

d. . Blood

e. . Endolymph

34 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Clara cell

35 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Bipolar cells

36 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Tarsus

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Orbicularis oculi

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Levator muscle

37 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Rods

e. . Supporting cells

38 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Collagen fibers

b. . Myofibrils

c. . Elastic fibers

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Purkinje fibers

39 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveoli

40 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Epithelium

41 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Uvea

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Rods

42 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

43 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Brush cells

44 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Basal cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

45 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Air

b. . Perilymph

c. . Lymph

d. . Endolymph

e. . Blood

46 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Endothelium

47 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Optic disc

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

48 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

49 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Cornea

e. . Sclera

50 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

51 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

52 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Os

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Ora serrate

53 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

54 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveolar ducts

b. . Alveolar sacs

c. . Alveoli

d. . Bronchi

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

55 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Terminal bronchiole

e. . Alveolar sac

56 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Hering

b. . Canaliculi

c. . Canal of Schlemm

d. . Canal of Descemet

e. . Canal of Muller

57 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Supporting cells

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Receptor cells

d. . Neurons

e. . Ciliary body

58 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Descemet's membrane

e. . Endothelium

59 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

60 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Os

c. . Optic disc

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Ora serrate

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