Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the stratum corneum.

d. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum spinosum.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

2 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 micrometers.

b. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

c. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

d. 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 nanometers.

3 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. calyx

b. cortex

c. pelvis

d. papillae

e. medulla

4 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. hypodermis

c. epidermis

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. papillary layer of dermis.

5 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple squamous epithelial cells.

e. not epithelial cells.

6 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. secretory portion of sweat gland.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. arrector pili muscle.

7 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. papillary layer of dermis.

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. lamina propria

d. hypodermis

e. stratum corneum

8 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

b. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

c. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

d. epidermis and dermis.

e. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

9 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

10 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. cortex.

b. pelvis.

c. calyx.

d. medulla.

e. hilus.

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

e. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

12 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum

b. thin skin

c. stratum basale

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

13 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. continuous endothelium.

c. fenestrated endothelium.

d. podocytes foot processes.

e. mesangial cells.

14 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

15 / 60

The loose, adipose connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. dermis

c. hypodermis

d. mucosa

e. lamina propria

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

b. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

18 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. vasa recta.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. efferent arterioles.

19 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

21 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. stratum corneum

c. thick skin

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum lucidum

22 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

23 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary endothelial cells.

b. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

c. podocyte foot processes

d. capillary fenestrations.

e. mesangial cells.

24 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. lymphatic glands.

b. eccrine sweat glands.

c. mammary glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. submucosal glands.

25 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. epidermis

b. mucosa

c. hypodermis

d. lamina propria

e. dermis

26 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. medulla

b. pelvis

c. calyx

d. papilla

e. cortex

27 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. adipose connective tissue.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

d. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

29 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. modified smooth muscle cells.

b. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

c. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

d. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

e. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

30 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. pericytes

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocytes

31 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. glomerulus.

b. distal convoluted tubule.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. loop of Henle.

e. collecting duct.

32 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

33 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

34 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

35 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Unipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Bipolar

e. . Pseudounipolar

36 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Uvea

d. . Cones

e. . Rods

37 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Myofibrils

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Reticular fibers

38 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar duct

39 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Air

c. . Endolymph

d. . Perilymph

e. . Lymph

40 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Endothelium

c. . Bowman's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Epithelium

41 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

42 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Sclera

d. . Cornea

e. . Ora serrata

43 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Rods

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Henle's layer

e. . Amacrine cells

44 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous epithelium

45 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Compact bone

46 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Histiocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Microglia

d. . Langerhans cell

e. . Kupffer cells

47 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

48 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Dust cell

49 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Alveolar sacs

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar ducts

d. . Respiratory bronchioles

e. . Bronchi

50 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Receptor cells

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Neurons

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Ciliary body

51 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

52 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

53 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

54 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

55 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Brush cell

56 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Cornea

c. . Sclera

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Pigmented epithelium

57 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Tarsus

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Orbicularis oculi

58 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Bipolar neuron

b. . Multipolar neuron

c. . Supporting cell

d. . Unipolar neuron

59 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Os

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Optic disc

60 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Lymph

c. . Perilymph

d. . Air

e. . Endolymph

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