Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

b. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

2 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

3 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

c. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

4 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

e. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

5 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

b. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

e. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

6 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. apocrine sweat glands.

c. sweat glands.

d. hair follicles.

e. sebaceous glands.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

e. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

8 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

9 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. urea.

b. aldosterone.

c. angiotensinogen.

d. antiduretic hormone.

e. renin.

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

11 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. adipose connective tissue.

c. endothelium.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

12 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. peritubular capillaries.

13 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

15 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. cortex

b. papillae

c. medulla

d. pelvis

e. calyx

16 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

17 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

b. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

18 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. mesangial cells.

b. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. podocytes.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

19 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 nanometers.

c. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

d. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

e. 300 and 350 micrometers.

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

b. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

c. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

21 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

e. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

22 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

23 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. vasa recta.

24 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. cuboidal cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. pericytes

d. podocytes

e. squamous cells.

25 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary endothelial cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. capillary fenestrations.

d. podocyte foot processes

e. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

26 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. medulla

c. hilus

d. pelvis

e. capsule

27 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. modified smooth muscle cells.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

d. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

e. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

b. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

c. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

d. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

30 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

b. area cribosa.

c. vascular pole.

d. urinary (tubular) pole.

e. mesangium

31 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. mucosa

c. hypodermis

d. dermis

e. epidermis

32 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

c. epidermis and dermis.

d. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

e. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

33 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

34 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum granulosum.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum lucidum.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

36 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. papillary dermis

b. stratum basale of epidermis.

c. dermis

d. stratum corneum of epidermis

e. hypodermis

37 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. mammary glands.

b. eccrine sweat glands.

c. lymphatic glands.

d. submucosal glands.

e. sebaceous glands.

38 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

39 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

40 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. proximal convoluted tubule.

b. distal convoluted tubule.

c. collecting duct.

d. glomerulus.

e. loop of Henle.

41 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. papilla

b. calyx

c. medulla

d. pelvis

e. cortex

42 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Pseudostratified epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

43 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Zonlular fibers

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Elastic fibers

e. . Spiral ligament

44 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Os

e. . Optic chiasm

45 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Optic disc

c. . Fovea centralis

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

46 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Os

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Ora serrate

47 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

48 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Sclera

d. . Cornea

e. . Ora serrata

49 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

50 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Neurons

c. . Receptor cells

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Ciliary body

51 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Choroid

b. . Sclera

c. . Uvea

d. . Retina

e. . Cornea

52 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Pseudounipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Multipolar

e. . Unipolar

53 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

54 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Iris

b. . Choroid

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Cornea

55 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

56 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 2

b. . 5

c. . 3

d. . 1

e. . 4

57 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Dust cell

58 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

59 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Sclera

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Iris

60 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

Your score is

The average score is 84%

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