Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. melanocyte

b. keratinocyte

c. myoepithelial cell

d. Langerhans cell

e. fibroblast

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

b. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

c. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

d. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

e. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

3 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

b. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

c. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

4 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

5 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. fibroblasts

b. melanocytes

c. Merkel cells.

d. Langerhans cells.

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

6 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

b. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

c. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

d. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

7 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

8 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

9 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. hairy skin

c. papillary dermis

d. hair follicle

e. pilosebaceous unit

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

11 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum corneum.

12 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

e. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

14 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. area cribosa.

b. mesangium

c. urinary (tubular) pole.

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. vascular pole.

15 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

d. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

16 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

d. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

e. modified smooth muscle cells.

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

19 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. There are six layers to the epidermis.

b. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

c. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

d. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

e. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

b. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

c. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

22 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. hypodermis

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. stratum corneum

e. lamina propria

23 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. thin skin

b. stratum spinosum

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum basale

24 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

d. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

e. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

26 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

c. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

d. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

e. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

27 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

b. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

c. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

d. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

28 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

29 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. pelvis.

c. calyx.

d. hilus.

e. cortex.

30 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. pelvis

b. papilla

c. cortex

d. medulla

e. calyx

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

33 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

34 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

35 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

36 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Endothelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Epithelium

37 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

38 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods, Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Cones

39 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar duct

40 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Uvea

b. . Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

41 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

42 / 60

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

a. . Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

43 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Cochlea

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Crista ampullaris

44 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar sac

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

45 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Lymph

c. . Perilymph

d. . Air

e. . Endolymph

46 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina cribrosa

47 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Optic disc

e. . Fovea centralis

48 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Horizontal cells

b. . Rods

c. . Cones

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

49 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Multipolar

b. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

c. . Pseudounipolar

d. . Unipolar

e. . Bipolar

50 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Henle's layer

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Amacrine cells

51 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Oval ligament

d. . Zonlular fibers

e. . Spiral ligament

52 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Spongy bone

53 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule, Utricle

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Utricle

e. . Saccule

54 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Stratified squamous

b. . Simple cuboidal

c. . Simple squamous

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Simple columnar

55 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Compact bone

e. . Hyaline cartilage

56 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Sound

b. . Movement

c. . Vibration

d. . Position

57 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Neurons

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Receptor cells

e. . Supporting cells

58 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

59 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Epithelium

d. . Endothelium

60 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Brush cells

d. . Basal cells

Your score is

The average score is 84%

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