Histologie Test – testnisset.com

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. hair follicle.

b. sebaceous gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

3 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

b. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

4 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. stratum corneum

b. reticular layer of dermis.

c. lamina propria

d. hypodermis

e. papillary layer of dermis.

5 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

7 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. podocytes foot processes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. continuous endothelium.

d. fenestrated endothelium.

e. mesangial cells.

8 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

b. podocytes.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. mesangial cells.

9 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. podocyte foot processes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. pericytes

d. fibroblasts

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

10 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. ureter.

b. renal pelvis.

c. proximal urethra.

d. bladder.

e. Bowman's capsule.

11 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. modified smooth muscle cells.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

c. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

d. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

e. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

12 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale

b. stratum spinosum

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum granulosum

e. thin skin

13 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. hair follicle.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. duct of sweat gland.

14 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. adipose connective tissue.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. dense fibrous connective tissue.

15 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

16 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

d. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

17 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 nanometers.

d. 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 micrometers.

18 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

19 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. sweat gland.

b. hypodermis

c. reticular layer of dermis.

d. papillary layer of dermis.

e. epidermis

20 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. hair follicles.

b. arrector pili.

c. apocrine sweat glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. sweat glands.

21 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

22 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. thick skin

c. stratum basale

d. stratum granulosum

e. stratum corneum

23 / 60

The fibrous connective tissue layer of skin is:

a. mucosa

b. epidermis

c. dermis

d. hypodermis

e. lamina propria

24 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

b. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

c. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

d. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

26 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. submucosal glands.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. lymphatic glands.

d. mammary glands.

e. eccrine sweat glands.

27 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. collecting duct.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. glomerulus.

e. distal convoluted tubule.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

b. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

30 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. pericytes

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocytes

31 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. macula densa.

e. transitional epithelium.

32 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Ciliary body

33 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Os

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Lamina cribrosa

34 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Organ of Corti

35 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Cones

d. . Uvea

e. . Bipolar cells

36 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Compact bone

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Hyaline cartilage

37 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Position

b. . Movement

c. . Sound

d. . Vibration

38 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Lymph

c. . Endolymph

d. . Air

e. . Perilymph

39 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Ciliary body

40 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Epiglottis

b. . Arytenoid cartilage

c. . Thyroid cartilage

d. . Cricoid cartilage

e. . Corniculate cartilage

41 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple squamous epithelium

b. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Simple columnar epithelium

42 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Purkinje fibers

b. . Elastic fibers

c. . Collagen fibers

d. . Reticular fibers

e. . Myofibrils

43 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveoli

e. . Terminal bronchiole

44 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

45 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Choroid

c. . Cornea

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Iris

46 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

e. . Posterior chamber

47 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Alveoli

c. . Alveolar sacs

d. . Alveolar ducts

e. . Respiratory bronchioles

48 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Descemet

b. . Canaliculi

c. . Canal of Muller

d. . Canal of Hering

e. . Canal of Schlemm

49 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Fibrocartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

c. . Elastic cartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

50 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Lens

51 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

52 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Sclera

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Cornea

53 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Rods

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Cones

e. . Ganglion cells

54 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

55 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

56 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Iris

d. . Sclera

e. . Ciliary body

57 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Stratified squamous epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium

c. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Simple squamous epithelium

e. . Transitional epithelium

58 / 60

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

59 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Choroid

e. . Sclera

60 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Terminal bronchiole

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