Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. simple squamous epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

2 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. sweat glands.

b. arrector pili.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. apocrine sweat glands.

e. hair follicles.

3 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. calyx.

b. medulla.

c. papillae.

d. cortex

e. pelvis.

4 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. myoepithelial cell

c. melanocyte

d. Langerhans cell

e. keratinocyte

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

c. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

d. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

e. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

6 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. capillary endothelial cells.

b. capillary fenestrations.

c. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocyte foot processes

7 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. vasa recta.

e. afferent arterioles.

8 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. stratum granulosum

b. hair follicle

c. hairy skin

d. papillary dermis

e. pilosebaceous unit

9 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. fibroblasts

b. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

c. Langerhans cells.

d. Merkel cells.

e. melanocytes

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

11 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. mesangial cells.

b. continuous endothelium.

c. fenestrated endothelium.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes foot processes.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

d. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

13 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

c. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

d. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

e. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

14 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. sweat gland ducts

b. arrector pili muscle

c. Meissner's corpuscles

d. dermal papillae

e. epidermal appendages

15 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole

b. mesangium.

c. vascular pole.

d. area cribosa.

e. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

16 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. thick skin

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum basale

d. stratum lucidum

e. stratum corneum

17 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. hilus

b. capsule

c. medulla

d. pelvis

e. cortex

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

c. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

d. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

e. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

19 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

b. 30 and 35 nanometers.

c. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 micrometers.

e. 300 and 350 micrometers.

20 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum corneum.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum granulosum.

e. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

21 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum corneum of epidermis

b. dermis

c. stratum basale of epidermis.

d. papillary dermis

e. hypodermis

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

d. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

e. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

23 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

24 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

b. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

c. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

25 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum lucidum.

26 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. endothelium.

b. dense fibrous connective tissue.

c. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

d. adipose connective tissue.

e. transitional epithelium.

27 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

b. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

c. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

d. epidermis and dermis.

e. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

28 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

b. podocytes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

29 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. podocyte foot processes.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. pericytes

d. fibroblasts

e. mesangial cells.

30 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. lamina propria

b. epidermis

c. hypodermis

d. dermis

e. mucosa

31 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

33 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

b. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

35 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

36 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

b. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

c. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

d. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

e. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

37 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. collecting duct.

c. distal convoluted tubule.

d. proximal convoluted tubule.

e. glomerulus.

38 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. calyx

b. medulla

c. cortex

d. pelvis

e. papillae

39 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Orbicularis oculi

c. . Tarsus

d. . Ciliary muscle

e. . Internal oblique muscle

40 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Zonlular fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Spiral ligament

e. . Oval ligament

41 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

42 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveoli

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveolar duct

43 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Saccule

b. . Cochlea

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Utricle

44 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Endothelium

45 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

e. . Vitreal cavity

46 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Kupffer cells

b. . Histiocyte

c. . Langerhans cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Microglia

47 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

48 / 60

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

a. . Cricoid cartilage

b. . Thyroid cartilage

c. . Corniculate cartilage

d. . Arytenoid cartilage

e. . Epiglottis

49 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Sclera

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Ora serrata

50 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Compact bone

51 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Blood

b. . Lymph

c. . Endolymph

d. . Perilymph

e. . Air

52 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

53 / 60

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

54 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Compact bone

b. . Spongy bone

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Fibrocartilage

55 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Organ of Corti

56 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Brush cells

57 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

58 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

59 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Os

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic disc

60 / 60

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

a. . Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Fibrocartilage

Your score is

The average score is 46%

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