Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Uvea

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Rods

2 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber

3 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Choroid

b. . Cornea

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Iris

4 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Basal cells

5 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Basal cells

6 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

7 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule

8 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Transitional epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

9 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

10 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Multipolar neuron

b. . Unipolar neuron

c. . Supporting cell

d. . Bipolar neuron

11 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Endothelium

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Descemet's membrane

12 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Lamina vitrea

13 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala tympani

14 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

15 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Crista ampullaris

c. . Saccule

d. . Cochlea

e. . Utricle

16 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Epithelium

d. . Endothelium

17 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Cones

b. . Rods

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Uvea

e. . Ganglion cells

18 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Basal cells

19 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Fibrocartilage

c. . Spongy bone

d. . Compact bone

e. . Hyaline cartilage

20 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Descemet's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Lamina vitrea

21 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Receptor cells

c. . Neurons

d. . Supporting cells

e. . Pigmented epithelium

22 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Saccule

23 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveoli

24 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Descemet

b. . Canal of Schlemm

c. . Canal of Muller

d. . Canal of Hering

e. . Canaliculi

25 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina cribrosa

26 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Pseudostratified epithelium

e. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

27 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Sclera

d. . Cornea

e. . Pigmented epithelium

28 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

29 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Reticular fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Myofibrils

e. . Collagen fibers

30 / 60

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

31 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. arrector pili muscle

b. Meissner's corpuscles

c. dermal papillae

d. epidermal appendages

e. sweat gland ducts

32 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

d. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

33 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

34 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

b. There are six layers to the epidermis.

c. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

35 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. cortex

b. medulla

c. papilla

d. calyx

e. pelvis

36 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. hair follicle.

b. duct of sweat gland.

c. arrector pili muscle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

37 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

38 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes

c. fibroblasts

d. mesangial cells.

e. pericytes

39 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

c. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

d. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

e. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

40 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. peritubular capillaries.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. vasa recta.

d. afferent arterioles.

e. arcuate arteries.

41 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Langerhans cells.

b. melanocytes

c. Merkel cells.

d. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

e. fibroblasts

42 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. pericytes

c. fibroblasts

d. podocyte foot processes.

e. mesangial cells.

43 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. podocytes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

44 / 60

Which structures are present in “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. arrector pili.

b. apocrine sweat glands.

c. sweat glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. hair follicles.

45 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

46 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. interlobular arteries.

c. interlobar arteries.

d. afferent arteries.

e. vasa recta.

47 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. vasa recta.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. afferent arterioles.

48 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

c. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

d. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

49 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

b. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

50 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum lucidum

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum

d. thick skin

e. stratum basale

51 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

52 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

53 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. pelvis

b. medulla

c. cortex

d. papillae

e. calyx

54 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. secretory portion of sweat gland.

d. hair follicle.

e. duct of sweat gland.

55 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple columnar epithelial cells.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

56 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. endothelium.

c. adipose connective tissue.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. transitional epithelium.

57 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

b. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 nanometers.

d. 300 and 350 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 micrometers.

58 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. mesangium

d. area cribosa.

e. urinary (tubular) pole.

59 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. glomerulus.

b. collecting duct.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. distal convoluted tubule.

e. loop of Henle.

60 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. angiotensinogen.

b. renin.

c. antiduretic hormone.

d. aldosterone.

e. urea.

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