Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

2 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

d. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

e. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

3 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. afferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. efferent arterioles.

d. vasa recta.

e. arcuate arteries.

4 / 60

The macula densa consists of:

a. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.

b. closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule.

c. modified smooth muscle cells.

d. densely packed collagen fibers in the juxtaglomerular interstitium.

e. extraglomerular mesangial cells.

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

b. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

e. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

6 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

7 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. mesangial cells.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. podocytes.

e. macula densa.

8 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. calyces

b. columns of Bertin.

c. renal lobules.

d. medullary rays.

e. papillae

9 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. papillary layer of dermis.

b. hypodermis

c. sweat gland.

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. epidermis

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

e. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

11 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. columnar epithelium.

b. glandular epithelium.

c. squamous epithelium.

d. smooth muscle.

e. lymphocytes

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

d. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

13 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. mesangial cells.

b. pericytes

c. cuboidal cells.

d. squamous cells.

e. podocytes

14 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. lymphatic glands.

b. mammary glands.

c. sebaceous glands.

d. submucosal glands.

e. eccrine sweat glands.

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

b. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

16 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. efferent arterioles.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. vasa recta.

17 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. epidermis and dermis.

b. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

c. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

d. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

e. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

18 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. hair follicle

b. stratum granulosum

c. pilosebaceous unit

d. papillary dermis

e. hairy skin

19 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. ureter.

b. bladder.

c. proximal urethra.

d. renal pelvis.

e. Bowman's capsule.

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

21 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

b. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

22 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. cortex.

c. calyx.

d. pelvis.

e. hilus.

23 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. podocytes.

d. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

e. mesangial cells.

24 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. not epithelial cells.

c. simple columnar epithelial cells.

d. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

25 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

26 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

b. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

c. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

d. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

e. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

27 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. continuous endothelium.

b. fenestrated endothelium.

c. mesangial cells.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. podocytes foot processes.

28 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. stratum basale

b. stratum lucidum

c. thick skin

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. The epithelium that lines the rete testis is a simple cuboidal epithelium.

c. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

31 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

c. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

32 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

b. 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 nanometers.

e. 30 and 35 micrometers.

33 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. aldosterone.

b. renin.

c. antiduretic hormone.

d. urea.

e. angiotensinogen.

34 / 60

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney are called:

a. interlobar arteries.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. afferent arteries.

d. vasa recta.

e. interlobular arteries.

35 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

36 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Uvea

b. . Cornea

c. . Choroid

d. . Retina

e. . Sclera

37 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

38 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveoli

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveolar duct

39 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule

b. . Utricle

c. . Saccule, Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Organ of Corti

40 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

41 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Utricle

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Saccule

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Saccule, Utricle

42 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Endolymph

c. . Blood

d. . Air

e. . Lymph

43 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Uvea

44 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Fovea centralis

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Optic disc

e. . Lamina cribrosa

45 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Lens

b. . Choroid

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrate

e. . Ciliary body

46 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Choroid

b. . Iris

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Cornea

47 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Crista ampullaris

b. . Utricle

c. . Saccule

d. . Cochlea

e. . Semicircular canals

48 / 60

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Brush cells

49 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Brush cell

e. . Dust cell

50 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

51 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Bowman's membrane

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Endothelium

e. . Epithelium

52 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Vitreal cavity

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

53 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

54 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Type I pneumocyte

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

55 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 2

b. . 4

c. . 3

d. . 1

e. . 5

56 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Spongy bone

b. . Compact bone

c. . Hyaline cartilage

d. . Elastic cartilage

e. . Fibrocartilage

57 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Horizontal cells

b. . Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

58 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Choroid

c. . Sclera

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Ora serrata

59 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Alveolar sac

b. . Alveolar duct

c. . Terminal bronchiole

d. . Respiratory bronchiole

e. . Alveoli

60 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Brush cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

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