Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

c. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

d. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

e. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

2 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. macula densa.

b. podocytes.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

3 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. medulla.

c. papillae.

d. cortex

e. calyx.

4 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

b. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

5 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. papillae

c. cortex

d. calyx

e. pelvis

6 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

b. mesangial cells.

c. podocytes.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

7 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

c. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

d. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

e. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

8 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. cortex.

c. hilus.

d. calyx.

e. pelvis.

9 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

b. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

10 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

b. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

c. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

d. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

e. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

11 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. peritubular capillaries.

d. vasa recta.

e. efferent arterioles.

12 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

e. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

13 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

b. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

d. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

14 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. submucosal glands.

b. sebaceous glands.

c. eccrine sweat glands.

d. lymphatic glands.

e. mammary glands.

15 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. pericytes

b. fibroblasts

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. podocyte foot processes.

e. mesangial cells.

16 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 30 and 35 micrometers.

b. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

c. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

d. 30 and 35 nanometers.

e. 300 and 350 micrometers.

17 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

c. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

d. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

e. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

18 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. medullary rays.

b. calyces

c. renal lobules.

d. papillae

e. columns of Bertin.

19 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

d. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

e. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

20 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

21 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the dermis?

a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum corneum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

22 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. epidermis and dermis.

b. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

c. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

d. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

e. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

23 / 60

Which cells respond to aldosterone?

a. mesangial cells.

b. podocytes.

c. epithelial cells of distal tubules.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

b. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

e. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

25 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

b. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

c. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

d. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

e. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

c. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

27 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. Langerhans cell

c. keratinocyte

d. melanocyte

e. myoepithelial cell

28 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. There are six layers to the epidermis.

d. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

29 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. hypodermis

b. papillary dermis

c. stratum basale of epidermis.

d. dermis

e. stratum corneum of epidermis

30 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. arcuate arteries.

c. vasa recta.

d. peritubular capillaries.

e. afferent arterioles.

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

d. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

32 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. sebaceous gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. duct of sweat gland.

d. secretory portion of sweat gland.

e. hair follicle.

33 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. vascular pole.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. urinary (tubular) pole

d. mesangium.

e. area cribosa.

34 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. proximal convoluted tubule.

b. glomerulus.

c. distal convoluted tubule.

d. collecting duct.

e. loop of Henle.

35 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

36 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Cornea

b. . Iris

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Choroid

37 / 60

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Alveolar sac

38 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Ciliary muscle

c. . Internal oblique muscle

d. . Tarsus

e. . Orbicularis oculi

39 / 60

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Lamina vitrea

40 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Pigmented epithelium

c. . Sclera

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Cornea

41 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Uvea

42 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Respiratory bronchiole

43 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Optic disc

e. . Os

44 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Lymph

c. . Blood

d. . Air

e. . Endolymph

45 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Horizontal cells

c. . Cones

d. . Rods

e. . Bipolar cells

46 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Dust cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

47 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Optic disc

48 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Cornea

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Sclera

e. . Ora serrata

49 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule, Utricle

b. . Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Saccule

50 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Choroid

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Sclera

e. . Cornea

51 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Optic disc

52 / 60

What is an olfactory cell?

a. . Supporting cell

b. . Unipolar neuron

c. . Bipolar neuron

d. . Multipolar neuron

53 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

54 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

55 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Olfactory cells

b. . Sustentacular cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Brush cells

56 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic chiasm

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Os

e. . Ora serrate

57 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Dust cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type II pneumocyte

e. . Type I pneumocyte

58 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Ciliary muscle

b. . Choroid

c. . Sclera

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Iris

59 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

d. . Multipolar

e. . Pseudounipolar

60 / 60

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. . Spiral ligament

b. . Purkinje fibers

c. . Elastic fibers

d. . Zonlular fibers

e. . Oval ligament

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