Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Mesangial cells are:

a. simple columnar epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

d. not epithelial cells.

e. simple squamous epithelial cells.

2 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. hypodermis

b. lamina propria

c. papillary layer of dermis.

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. stratum corneum

3 / 60

Which cells repond to antiduretic hormone (ADH)?

a. podocytes.

b. epithelial cells of collecting duct.

c. epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

4 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. epidermal appendages

b. dermal papillae

c. sweat gland ducts

d. Meissner's corpuscles

e. arrector pili muscle

5 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. keratinocyte

b. fibroblast

c. myoepithelial cell

d. Langerhans cell

e. melanocyte

6 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. There are six layers to the epidermis.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

d. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

e. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

7 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

b. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

c. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

d. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

8 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

c. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

9 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

b. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

e. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

10 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Long nephron contains large renal corpuscle

b. The afferent arteriole will branch to capillaries of the glomerulus.

c. The normal thickness the GBM is between 300 and 350 micrometers.

d. The lamina rara externa of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte

e. Short nephron contains large renal corpuscle which is located near the medulla

11 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. afferent arterioles.

c. vasa recta.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. peritubular capillaries.

12 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. loop of Henle.

b. glomerulus.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. collecting duct.

e. distal convoluted tubule.

13 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes foot processes.

c. continuous endothelium.

d. fenestrated endothelium.

e. mesangial cells.

14 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis are cells mitotically active?

a. thick skin

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum corneum

d. stratum basale

e. stratum lucidum

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

c. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

d. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

e. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

16 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Merkel cell

b. myoepithelial cell

c. melanocyte

d. keratinocyte

e. Langerhans cell

17 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum corneum of epidermis

b. dermis

c. stratum basale of epidermis.

d. hypodermis

e. papillary dermis

18 / 60

Which of the following consists of stratified (two-layered) cuboidal epithelium?

a. arrector pili muscle.

b. hair follicle.

c. sebaceous gland.

d. duct of sweat gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

19 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. lamina propria

c. mucosa

d. epidermis

e. hypodermis

20 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

b. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

c. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

21 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. collecting duct epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

d. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

e. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

22 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

b. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

23 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. pericytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. fibroblasts

d. podocytes

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

24 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

c. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The acini of the secretory part of the mammary gland are formed during pregnancy.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

d. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

e. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

e. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

27 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

b. stratum granulosum

c. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum corneum.

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes will give rise the secondary spermatocytes.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoides is called spermiogenesis.

e. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

b. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

c. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

d. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

e. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

30 / 60

The tissue composition of hair follicles is most similar to:

a. reticular layer of dermis.

b. papillary layer of dermis.

c. epidermis

d. sweat gland.

e. hypodermis

31 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

b. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

c. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

d. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

e. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

32 / 60

The basement membrane lies between:

a. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

b. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

c. epidermis and dermis.

d. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

e. papillary and reticular layers of dermis.

33 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. antiduretic hormone.

b. angiotensinogen.

c. urea.

d. renin.

e. aldosterone.

34 / 60

What structure is shaped like a snail shell?

a. . Semicircular canals

b. . Cochlea

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Saccule

e. . Utricle

35 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

b. . Cochlear duct

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

36 / 60

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

a. . Hair cells

b. . Inner border cells

c. . Cells of Hensen

d. . Inner pillar cells

e. . Outer phalangeal cells

37 / 60

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. . Ciliary body

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Lens

d. . Choroid

e. . Iris

38 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

39 / 60

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. . Choroid

b. . Sclera

c. . Ciliary muscle

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Iris

40 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Clara cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Type II pneumocyte

41 / 60

Where is the blind spot?

a. . Lamina cribrosa

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Ciliary body

42 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Rods

b. . Uvea

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Bipolar cells

e. . Cones

43 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Bipolar cells

d. . Rods

e. . Rods, Cones

44 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibuli

d. . Scala tympani

45 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Uvea

b. . Cones

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Rods

e. . Bipolar cells

46 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple squamous

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous

d. . Simple columnar

e. . Simple cuboidal

47 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

48 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Utricle

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Saccule

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule, Utricle

49 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

b. . Multipolar

c. . Bipolar

d. . Unipolar

e. . Pseudounipolar

50 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Cones

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Pigmented epithelium

e. . Rods

51 / 60

Which structure is transparent?

a. . Ora serrata

b. . Ciliary body

c. . Cornea

d. . Iris

e. . Choroid

52 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Dust cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Clara cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

53 / 60

Which structure is avascular?

a. . Choroid

b. . Sclera

c. . Retina

d. . Cornea

e. . Uvea

54 / 60

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

a. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

55 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

a. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Stratified squamous epithelium

d. . Simple columnar epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

56 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 4

b. . 1

c. . 2

d. . 3

e. . 5

57 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Lamina vitrea

58 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Basal cells

59 / 60

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. . Canal of Schlemm

b. . Canal of Descemet

c. . Canal of Hering

d. . Canal of Muller

e. . Canaliculi

60 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Os

e. . Ora serrate

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