Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses?

a. Merkel cell

b. melanocyte

c. Langerhans cell

d. keratinocyte

e. myoepithelial cell

2 / 60

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the barrier function of the epidermis?

a. thin skin

b. stratum basale

c. stratum spinosum

d. stratum corneum

e. stratum granulosum

3 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(7)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

c. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

d. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains mesangial cells.

e. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

4 / 60

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?

a. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

b. proximal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. collecting duct epithelium.

d. epithelium lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle.

e. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

5 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. The mammary gland is a merocrine and apocrine secretion.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

6 / 60

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

a. podocytes

b. mesangial cells.

c. juxtaglomerular cells.

d. pericytes

e. fibroblasts

7 / 60

The epithelial layer of skin is:

a. dermis

b. epidermis

c. mucosa

d. hypodermis

e. lamina propria

8 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. aldosterone.

b. angiotensinogen.

c. urea.

d. renin.

e. antiduretic hormone.

9 / 60

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (the GBM) is between:

a. 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers.

b. 300 and 350 micrometers.

c. 30 and 35 micrometers.

d. 3 and 3.5 micrometers.

e. 30 and 35 nanometers.

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

d. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

11 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. sebaceous glands.

b. eccrine sweat glands.

c. mammary glands.

d. submucosal glands.

e. lymphatic glands.

12 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

e. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

13 / 60

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries are called:

a. arcuate arteries.

b. vasa recta.

c. afferent arterioles.

d. efferent arterioles.

e. peritubular capillaries.

14 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The seminiferous epithelium consists of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

c. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

d. The epithelium of the tubuli recti is pseudostratified columnar.

e. Processes of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.

15 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

d. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

16 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. myoepithelial cell

b. Langerhans cell

c. keratinocyte

d. fibroblast

e. melanocyte

17 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. macula densa.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. mesangial cells.

d. podocytes.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

18 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

b. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

c. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

d. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

e. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

19 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Spermatocytes are stored in the terminal part of the seminal vesicles.

b. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. The rete testis is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

20 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. medulla.

b. cortex.

c. pelvis.

d. hilus.

e. calyx.

21 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

b. The prophase of primary spermatocytes is extremely prolonged.

c. Differences in the height of the epithelium give the lumen of the ductuli efferentes an irregular outline.

d. Each seminiferous tubule is about 30 to 80 cm long.

e. The ducts which form the rete testis connect the tubuli recti with the ductuli efferentes.

22 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

23 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(5)

a. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes will give rise the spermatids.

d. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

24 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(3)

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The infundibulum of the oviduct passes through the wall of the uterus.

c. "Tertiary follicle", "preovulatory follicle" and "Graafian follicle" are synonymous terms.

d. The secondary ovarian follicle contains no antrum.

e. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

25 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(2)

a. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

b. The formation of new oocytes stops before birth.

c. Sensory stimulation of the nipple initiates the milk ejection reflex via the secretion of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

d. The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

e. The wall of the vagina consists of a mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

26 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. There are six layers to the epidermis.

b. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

c. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

d. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

e. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

27 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. ureter.

b. Bowman's capsule.

c. proximal urethra.

d. renal pelvis.

e. bladder.

28 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. squamous epithelium.

b. smooth muscle.

c. lymphocytes

d. columnar epithelium.

e. glandular epithelium.

29 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. calyx.

c. medulla.

d. pelvis.

e. cortex

30 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

b. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

c. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

d. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

e. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

31 / 60

Which connective tissue layer lies closest to the epidermis:

a. stratum corneum

b. hypodermis

c. lamina propria

d. reticular layer of dermis.

e. papillary layer of dermis.

32 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. Meissner's corpuscles

b. dermal papillae

c. epidermal appendages

d. sweat gland ducts

e. arrector pili muscle

33 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

c. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

34 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. mesangium.

b. urinary (tubular) pole

c. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

d. vascular pole.

e. area cribosa.

35 / 60

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

a. fibroblasts

b. pericytes

c. podocyte foot processes.

d. mesangial cells.

e. juxtaglomerular cells.

36 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. papillae

b. calyx

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. medulla

37 / 60

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. . Ganglion cells

b. . Bipolar cells

c. . Rods

d. . Uvea

e. . Cones

38 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Bipolar

b. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

c. . Multipolar

d. . Pseudounipolar

e. . Unipolar

39 / 60

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. . Cones

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Rods

d. . Horizontal cells

e. . Bipolar cells

40 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Lamina vitrea

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Fovea centralis

41 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Sclera

b. . Ora serrata

c. . Pigmented epithelium

d. . Cornea

e. . Choroid

42 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Optic disc

b. . Optic chiasm

c. . Ora serrate

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Os

43 / 60

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Rods

b. . Cones

c. . Uvea

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

44 / 60

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Ciliary body

45 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

46 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Saccule

b. . Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Organ of Corti

e. . Saccule, Utricle

47 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Type I pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Brush cell

48 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Iris

b. . Choroid

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Sclera

e. . Ciliary body

49 / 60

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

a. . Sustentacular cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Basal cells

d. . Olfactory cells

50 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Perilymph

b. . Air

c. . Blood

d. . Lymph

e. . Endolymph

51 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 5

b. . 2

c. . 3

d. . 1

e. . 4

52 / 60

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

e. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreal cavity

53 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Cochlear duct

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Scala tympani

d. . Scala vestibuli

54 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Descemet's membrane

b. . Endothelium

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Epithelium

55 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Hyaline cartilage

b. . Elastic cartilage

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Compact bone

e. . Spongy bone

56 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Huxley's layer

b. . Muller's cells

c. . Pigment epithelium

d. . Cones

e. . Horizontal cells

57 / 60

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. . Iris

b. . Choroid

c. . Ora serrata

d. . Ciliary body

e. . Sclera

58 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Compact bone

c. . Fibrocartilage

d. . Hyaline cartilage

e. . Spongy bone

59 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

b. . Scala vestibuli

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala tympani

60 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Pseudostratified epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

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