Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

a. aldosterone.

b. antiduretic hormone.

c. renin.

d. urea.

e. angiotensinogen.

2 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. dermal papillae

b. arrector pili muscle

c. sweat gland ducts

d. epidermal appendages

e. Meissner's corpuscles

3 / 60

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the:

a. ureter.

b. bladder.

c. proximal urethra.

d. Bowman's capsule.

e. renal pelvis.

4 / 60

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

a. distal convoluted tubule.

b. glomerulus.

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

d. collecting duct.

e. loop of Henle.

5 / 60

In which layer of the epidermis do cells contain keratohyalin granules?

a. papillary dermis

b. stratum granulosum

c. hair follicle

d. pilosebaceous unit

e. hairy skin

6 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The capillaries of the glomerulus are continuous type.

b. The renal lobule contains many renal lobes.

c. The lamina rara interna of the GBM is attaching to the podocyte.

d. Short nephron contains small renal corpuscle located near the renal capsule.

e. The protein albumin is normally filtrated in the glomerulus.

7 / 60

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the:

a. cortex

b. medulla

c. calyx

d. pelvis

e. papillae

8 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. Merkel cells.

b. Langerhans cells.

c. melanocytes

d. fibroblasts

e. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

9 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

b. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

c. stratum granulosum

d. stratum corneum.

e. stratum lucidum.

10 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. Podocytes form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

11 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

12 / 60

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries are called:

a. efferent arterioles.

b. peritubular capillaries.

c. vasa recta.

d. arcuate arteries.

e. afferent arterioles.

13 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. mesangial cells.

b. juxtaglomerular cells.

c. macula densa.

d. transitional epithelium.

e. podocytes.

14 / 60

Arrector pili muscle consist of:

a. squamous epithelium.

b. smooth muscle.

c. lymphocytes

d. glandular epithelium.

e. columnar epithelium.

15 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

b. Like sweat glands, mammary glands are simple tubular glands.

c. The functionalis of the endometrium of uterus and cervix is shed during menstruation.

d. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

e. Complex mucosal folds give the lumen of the ampulla of the oviduct a very irregular outline.

16 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. mesangial cells.

b. squamous cells.

c. pericytes

d. podocytes

e. cuboidal cells.

17 / 60

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. cortex

b. papillae

c. calyx

d. medulla

e. pelvis

18 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. papillae.

b. calyx.

c. medulla.

d. cortex

e. pelvis.

19 / 60

Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

a. fibroblast

b. myoepithelial cell

c. melanocyte

d. Langerhans cell

e. keratinocyte

20 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. medulla

b. hilus

c. capsule

d. pelvis

e. cortex

21 / 60

Which layer is exceptionally thick in so-called “thick skin” (i.e., palmar and plantar skin)?

a. stratum basale of epidermis.

b. papillary dermis

c. stratum corneum of epidermis

d. hypodermis

e. dermis

22 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The basalis of the endometrium regenerates the functionalis after menstruation.

b. The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin.

c. The myometrium of the uterus is important for the transport of the oocyte and sperm.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The mammary gland contains 15 to 20 lobes.

23 / 60

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

a. adipose connective tissue.

b. transitional epithelium.

c. dense fibrous connective tissue.

d. loose cellular connective tissue with many lymphocytes.

e. endothelium.

24 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

b. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

c. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

d. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

25 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

c. There are six layers to the epidermis.

d. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

e. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

26 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Primordial ovarian follicles are characterized by a single layer of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte.

b. Ovarian surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary ovarian follicles.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

27 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

b. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

e. collecting duct epithelium.

28 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

e. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

29 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

b. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

c. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

d. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

e. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

30 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

b. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

c. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

31 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Testosterone produced by the male accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicle and prostate) causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.

b. The testes are surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea.

c. By the first meiotic division B-spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes.

d. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

e. The Sertoli cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule.

32 / 60

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

a. podocyte foot processes

b. capillary fenestrations.

c. mesangial cells.

d. layers of the glomerular basement membrane.

e. capillary endothelial cells.

33 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Substantia propria

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Endothelium

34 / 60

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

a. . Langerhans cell

b. . Kupffer cells

c. . Histiocyte

d. . Microglia

e. . Dust cell

35 / 60

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Ganglion cells

c. . Supporting cells

d. . Rods

e. . Cones

36 / 60

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Epithelium

c. . Descemet's membrane

d. . Substantia propria

e. . Bowman's membrane

37 / 60

What are neurons in the retina?

a. . Unipolar and Pseudounipolar

b. . Bipolar

c. . Unipolar

d. . Pseudounipolar

e. . Multipolar

38 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Brush cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Basal cells

39 / 60

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. . Simple columnar

b. . Simple squamous

c. . Simple cuboidal

d. . Transitional epithelium

e. . Stratified squamous

40 / 60

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

a. . Pseudostratified epithelium

b. . Stratified squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium

d. . Simple cuboidal epithelium

e. . Simple squamous epithelium

41 / 60

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

a. . Respiratory bronchiole

b. . Alveolar sac

c. . Alveoli

d. . Alveolar duct

e. . Terminal bronchiole

42 / 60

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

43 / 60

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. . Fovea centralis

b. . Optic disc

c. . Lamina cribrosa

d. . Lamina vitrea

e. . Ciliary body

44 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Bowman's membrane

c. . Endothelium

d. . Substantia propria

45 / 60

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

a. . Endolymph

b. . Air

c. . Perilymph

d. . Blood

e. . Lymph

46 / 60

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?

a. . Position

b. . Sound

c. . Movement

d. . Vibration

47 / 60

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. . Endothelium

b. . Lamina vitrea

c. . Substantia propria

d. . Bowman's membrane

e. . Descemet's membrane

48 / 60

Where is the organ of Corti?

a. . Cochlea

b. . Utricle

c. . Semicircular canals

d. . Saccule

e. . Crista ampullaris

49 / 60

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. . Elastic fibers

b. . Collagen fibers

c. . Purkinje fibers

d. . Myofibrils

e. . Reticular fibers

50 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type II pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

51 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

a. . Utricle

b. . Semicircular canals

c. . Organ of Corti

d. . Saccule

e. . Saccule, Utricle

52 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Posterior chamber

b. . Anterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Vitreal cavity

53 / 60

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

a. . Elastic cartilage

b. . Hyaline cartilage

c. . Compact bone

d. . Fibrocartilage

e. . Spongy bone

54 / 60

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Brush cells

c. . Olfactory cells

d. . Sustentacular cells

55 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Clara cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Brush cell

56 / 60

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Simple squamous epithelium

c. . Simple columnar epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

57 / 60

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Brush cell

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Dust cell

58 / 60

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

59 / 60

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. . Levator muscle

b. . Internal oblique muscle

c. . Orbicularis oculi

d. . Tarsus

e. . Ciliary muscle

60 / 60

Which contains perilymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Scala tympani

c. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

d. . Cochlear duct

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The average score is 35%

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