Histologie Test

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Histologie Test

1 / 60

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

a. . Terminal bronchiole

b. . Respiratory bronchiole

c. . Alveolar duct

d. . Alveolar sac

e. . Alveoli

2 / 60

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

a. . Alveolar duct

b. . Terminal bronchiole

c. . Respiratory bronchiole

d. . Alveoli

e. . Alveolar sac

3 / 60

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

a. . Simple columnar epithelium

b. . Transitional epithelium

c. . Simple squamous epithelium

d. . Stratified squamous epithelium

e. . Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

4 / 60

What is within the bony labyrinth?

a. . Lymph

b. . Perilymph

c. . Air

d. . Blood

e. . Endolymph

5 / 60

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. . Epithelium

b. . Substantia propria

c. . Endothelium

d. . Bowman's membrane

6 / 60

Which cell is a type of neuron?

a. . Basal cells

b. . Olfactory cells

c. . Sustentacular cells

d. . Brush cells

7 / 60

How many layers does the retina have?

a. . 5

b. . 2

c. . 10

d. . 1

e. . 4

8 / 60

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. . Bipolar cells

b. . Amacrine cells

c. . Ganglion cells

d. . Henle's layer

e. . Rods

9 / 60

What are the receptors for vision?

a. . Rods, Cones

b. . Cones

c. . Rods

d. . Ganglion cells

e. . Bipolar cells

10 / 60

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. . Lamina vitrea

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Fovea centralis

e. . Ciliary body

11 / 60

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Clara cell

c. . Dust cell

d. . Brush cell

e. . Type I pneumocyte

12 / 60

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. . Choroid

b. . Sclera

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Ciliary body

13 / 60

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. . Cornea

b. . Sclera

c. . Iris

d. . Ora serrata

e. . Pigmented epithelium

14 / 60

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. . Os

b. . Ora serrate

c. . Optic disc

d. . Lamina cribrosa

e. . Optic chiasm

15 / 60

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. . Vitreal cavity

b. . Posterior chamber

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Anterior chamber

16 / 60

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. . Anterior chamber

b. . Vitreal cavity

c. . Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber

d. . Posterior chamber

17 / 60

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

a. . Brush cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Type II pneumocyte

d. . Clara cell

e. . Dust cell

18 / 60

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. . Os

b. . Lamina cribrosa

c. . Optic disc

d. . Optic chiasm

e. . Ora serrate

19 / 60

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. . 1

b. . 2

c. . 4

d. . 3

e. . 5

20 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

a. . Organ of Corti

b. . Saccule

c. . Utricle

d. . Semicircular canals

e. . Saccule, Utricle

21 / 60

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

a. . Saccule

b. . Organ of Corti

c. . Utricle

d. . Saccule, Utricle

e. . Semicircular canals

22 / 60

Which contains endolymph?

a. . Scala vestibuli

b. . Scala vestibule, Scala tympani

c. . Cochlear duct

d. . Scala tympani

23 / 60

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

a. . Clara cell

b. . Type I pneumocyte

c. . Brush cell

d. . Dust cell

e. . Type II pneumocyte

24 / 60

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

a. . Bronchi

b. . Respiratory bronchioles

c. . Alveolar sacs

d. . Alveolar ducts

e. . Alveoli

25 / 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. . Pigmented epithelium

b. . Supporting cells

c. . Ciliary body

d. . Neurons

e. . Receptor cells

26 / 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

a. . Type II pneumocyte

b. . Dust cell

c. . Brush cell

d. . Type I pneumocyte

e. . Clara cell

27 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(4)

a. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

b. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

c. The outer layer of renal capsule contains many myofibroblasts.

d. The incomplete basal lamina of the discontinuous glomerular capillaries facilitates the formation of the glomerular filtrate.

e. The pyramid of Malpighi is in the renal cortex

28 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

b. The epithelium that lines the ductuli efferntes is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

c. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

d. Growth of the mammary gland is initiated by oestrogen and progesterone produced in the ovaries and placenta.

e. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

29 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum spinosum?

a. The stratum spinosum is formed from daughter cells of the basal layer.

b. Merkel cells are the outermost sentinels of the cellular immune system.

c. The cells of the stratum spinosum are flat without nuclei.

d. Langerhans cells are found mostly in the stratum corneum.

e. The stratum spinosum sits between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

30 / 60

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the:

a. papilla

b. calyx

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. medulla

31 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(1)

a. The transport of sodium ions over the epithelia lining the ascending thin and straight distal tubules creates the osmotic gradient necessary for the resorption of water from the urine passing through the collecting ducts.

b. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

e. The glomerular filtration slit is around 20 to 30 nm.

32 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole

b. vascular pole.

c. mesangium.

d. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

e. area cribosa.

33 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement(6)

a. There are two vaginalis layers, parietal and visceral.

b. Spermatids divide to give rise to spermatocytes.

c. The tunica albuginea is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

d. Each testis contains about 500 to 1000 seminiferous tubules.

e. Leydig cells are located outside the seminiferous tubule and they secrete testosterone.

34 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The macula densa cells are found in the distal tubule faced to the vascular pole.

b. Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells which surround the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicles of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. An inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in both the ureter and bladder.

e. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

35 / 60

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

a. juxtaglomerular cells.

b. podocytes foot processes.

c. fenestrated endothelium.

d. continuous endothelium.

e. mesangial cells.

36 / 60

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

a. urinary (tubular) pole.

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus.

c. vascular pole.

d. area cribosa.

e. mesangium

37 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Progesterone and oestrogen are the main stimulants of milk secretion in the mammary gland.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial ovarian follicles.

c. The term "atresia" refers to the degeneration of follicles during development and adult life.

d. The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle secrete progesterone.

e. The corpus albicans of the ovary is the functional homologue of the tunica albuginea in males.

38 / 60

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

a. podocytes.

b. mesangial cells.

c. transitional epithelium.

d. juxtaglomerular cells.

e. macula densa.

39 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The epidermis of the thin skin has four stratum

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. The overall orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis will follow the 'lines of greatest tension'.

d. Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

40 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. The secretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

b. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

c. The excretory ducts of sweat gland are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. The synthesis of melanin by basal cells is under hormonal control.

e. The papillary layer of the dermis contains fine collagen and elastic fibers and the capillary network which supplies the epidermis.

41 / 60

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids (pyramids of Malpighii) rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

a. columns of Bertin.

b. medullary rays.

c. renal lobules.

d. calyces

e. papillae

42 / 60

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?

a. transitional epithelium.

b. collecting duct epithelium.

c. glomerular epithelium (podocytes).

d. Bowman's capsule epithelium.

e. distal convoluted tubule epithelium.

43 / 60

The glands most closely associated with hair follicles are:

a. eccrine sweat glands.

b. lymphatic glands.

c. mammary glands.

d. sebaceous glands.

e. submucosal glands.

44 / 60

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

a. calyx.

b. cortex.

c. hilus.

d. pelvis.

e. medulla.

45 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. A fluid filled hollow, the antrum, is a characteristic feature of primary follicles.

b. A distinct zona pelucida separates the oocyte and follicular cells of primordial follicles.

c. The tubuli recti join the ductuli efferentes to the ductus epididymis.

d. Hormone production of the corpus luteum stops after the implantation of the embryo.

e. After ovulation, thecal cells and granulosa cells form the corpus luteum.

46 / 60

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the:

a. hilus

b. capsule

c. pelvis

d. cortex

e. medulla

47 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement

a. Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubule.

b. Leydig cells provide structural and nutritional support for the developing spermatocytes.

c. Spermatocytes which leave the testis are structurally mature and motile.

d. Ejaculation results from smooth muscle contractions around the vas deferens and ductus epididymis.

e. The outer part of the seminiferous epithelium is formed by 3-4 layers of smooth muscle.

48 / 60

The projections of dermis upward, indenting the bottom of the epidermis, are called:

a. sweat gland ducts

b. arrector pili muscle

c. Meissner's corpuscles

d. epidermal appendages

e. dermal papillae

49 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. Merocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair together form a pilosebaceous unit.

b. The renewal of the human epidermis through the mitotic activity of basal cells takes 3-4 weeks.

c. Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands.

d. . Langerhans cells function in the immune system and can leave the epidermis after exposure to antigens.

e. Sebaceous gland is a simple branched alveolar gland.

50 / 60

Which of the following typically includes dead cells with pyknotic nuclei?

a. duct of sweat gland.

b. arrector pili muscle.

c. hair follicle.

d. sebaceous gland.

e. secretory portion of sweat gland.

51 / 60

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

a. cuboidal cells.

b. squamous cells.

c. pericytes

d. mesangial cells.

e. podocytes

52 / 60

Identify the CORRECT statement(2)

a. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

b. Collecting ducts are not permeable to water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone.

c. The glomerular filtration barrier is formed by the cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the basal lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

d. Transitional epithelium lining the tubules of the nephron allows the tubules to expand if large amounts of primary urine are formed.

e. The macula densa is formed by a specialized section of the epithelium lining the distal tubule as it contacts the glomerulus and its afferent and efferent arterioles.

53 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the stratum basale?

a. Merkel cells are involved in immune responses.

b. Forms the base layer of the epidermis.

c. The main cell type of the stratum basale is the melanocyte.

d. The stratum basale consists of non-dividing keratinocytes.

e. Melanocytes store melanin, which is synthesized by keratinocytes.

54 / 60

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the epidermis?

a. The stratum basale consist of non-dividing keratinocytes.

b. The stratum basale is secured to the basement membrane by zonula adherens.

c. The epidermis is defined as a stratified squamous epithelium.

d. There are six layers to the epidermis.

e. The main cell of the epidermis is the polyhedral cell.

55 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the distal part of the male and female urethra.

c. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.

d. The principal function of the thin tubule of the nephron is the resorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

e. Transitional epithelium lines the ureter.

56 / 60

Identify the INCORRECT statement

a. The increase in the surface area of proximal tubule cells by numerous long microvilli facilitates the absorption of nutritionally valuable substances from the primary urine.

b. Juxtaglomerular cells surrounding the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus release angiotensin II to increase glomerular filtration.

c. The filtration slit membrane between the pedicels of podocytes is part of the glomerular filtration barrier.

d. The osmotic absorption of water by the proximal tubule cells reduces the volume of the primary urine by about 75%.

e. The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule in a simple squamous epithelium.

57 / 60

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the:

a. pelvis.

b. calyx.

c. papillae.

d. medulla.

e. cortex

58 / 60

Podocytes are:

a. simple squamous epithelial cells.

b. unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes.

c. not epithelial cells.

d. simple columnar epithelial cells.

e. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

59 / 60

Which cell type is not normally found in the epidermis?

a. melanocytes

b. Merkel cells.

c. keratinocytes (or "prickle cells").

d. Langerhans cells.

e. fibroblasts

60 / 60

Which of the following layers lies nearest the outer surface of the epidermis?

a. stratum granulosum

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum basale or stratum germinativum.

d. stratum spinosum or stratum Malpighii.

e. stratum lucidum.

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