A potential disadvantage of immunological protection using passive transfer of horse globulins is:

The cytotoxic T-cells is involved in:

Skin is the largest organ in the body and protects us by preventing pathogen entry. This is an example of?

During the maturation of a B lymphocyte, the first immunoglobulin heavy chain synthesized is:

What is the minimum percentage of children which needs to be vaccinated successfully in order to achieve herd immunity to diphtheria:

Which of the following antibodies have a positive effect on babies through breast feeding?

The impact is:

Infectious material from what illness was used to develop the first vaccine?

The following statements are important mechanisms in which immunoglobulin molecules are essential included but except one?

Which category of hypersensitivity best describes hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh incompatibility?

The class of immunoglobulin present in highest concentration in blood of a human newborn is:

All the following comes under non-specific defence mechanism except

The complement system involved in chemotaxis are:

All are examples of names of monoclonal antibodies but except one?

In the vaccine response, interleukin (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) acts to?

The immune cells that is linked between innate and adaptive immunity are:

The first line of defense against invading pathogens:

The class of immunoglobulin present in highest concentration in blood of a human newborn is

An epitope:

An epitope is:

Small chemical groups on the antigen molecule that can react with antibody

The following statements are the use of passive immunization included but except one?

An immunoglobulin is a:

Primary lymphoid organs include

Which of the following statement is true regarding vaccination:

The complement system consists of about:

What vaccine should not be frozen:

Serum which contains antibodies is called:

Which of the following antibody types forms a pentamer?

In order to elicit an immune response, a carbohydrate must be which of the following?

The herd immunity is:

In the application Antigen- Antibody reaction, which one is not correct?

All are Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) but except:

All are the measure for post rabies exposure prophylaxis, but except one?

For vaccination against mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, the most important facet of the immune response to be stimulated is:

In the application Antigen- Antibody reaction, which one is correct?

The immunoglobulins participated in complement system formation are:

The Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are divided into:

All are mechanism of action of complement but except:

The immune cells that is linked between innate and adaptive immunity are:

The class I MHC molecule appeared to bind with receptor of:

The circulation of a two month old breast-fed baby will contain maternal:

Which of the following is a polysaccharide vaccine:

Which of the following substances will not stimulate an immune response unless they are bound to a larger molecule?

Which of the following immune mechanism is responsible for protecting us from diseases of other species?

To which one of the following groups would it be acceptable to give a live attenuated viral vaccine?

Antigen presenting cells for vaccine are:

All are important characteristics of innate immunity but except:

The bonds involved in antigen-antibody interactions are

In the application Antigen- Antibody reaction, which one is correct?

Which of the following is the site of T cell maturation?

HBV vaccine and HBIG are given at same time at two different injection sites within:

The immunoglobulins transport across placenta mostly:

The technology used for the production of monoclonal antibodies is:

In an immune response the type of cell which gets activated earliest is:

The following statements are related to hepatitis B and pregnancy which statement is incorrect?

Which of the following is not an ideal property of a vaccine?

The Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs) is located in:

The classical pathway of complement activation is:

The general principle of vaccination was established by:

All are 3 main effects of complement but except:

An antigen is:

The naive T cells are:

Immunogen is:

The effectiveness is:

Which antibody is the first to be released into the blood following an infection?

The complement system are synthesized by:

The first recombinant antigen vaccine approved for human use is:

The immunoglobulins transport across epithelium:

The class II MHC molecule appeared to bind with receptor of:

The characteristic of antigen-antibody interactions occur in second stage:

A primary immune response in an adult human requires approximately how much time to produce detectable antibody levels in the blood?

Name the cytokine produced by Th1 cells that are responsible for activating macrophages:

Several of the complement components are:

The role of the macrophage during an antibody response is to:

Injection of immunoglobulin is:

The antigen-antibody interactions occur in:

All are factors influencing in immunogenicity but except:

The classical pathway of complement activation is:

The antibody-binding site is formed primarily by:

The characteristic of antigen-antibody interactions occur in tertiary stage:

Successful immunization can be impaired by:

All the given vaccines are attenuated or inactivated whole pathogen except:

All are immune cells in innate immune system but except:

Mode of IPV vaccine administration is:

Which of the following immune cells/ molecules are most effective at destroying intracellular pathogens?

Adjuvant used in HBV vaccine is:

All are therapeutic applications of polyclonal antibodies but except one?

All are functions of immunoglobulins but except:

In the vaccine response, INF gamma, TNF alpha and IL12 act on?

The complement system involved in phagocytic function are:

Which of the following is not the function of antibody?

What is the mode of administration for PCV-13 vaccine?

What vaccine should be avoided for the pregnant woman?

In the immune response to a hapten–protein conjugate, in order to get anti-hapten antibodies, it is essential that:

The main advantage of passive immunization over active immunization is that:

Which of the following statement is true

Natural humoral immune response against a pathogen leads to the production of:

Injection of anti-venom to a patient for snake bite is example of?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh blood group incompatibility requires maternal antibody to enter the fetal bloodstream. Therefore, the mediator of this disease is:

Often patients are immune to diseases like chicken pox once infecte. This immunity is an example of?

What is the mode of administration for BCG vaccine?

The following statements are criteria for a good vaccine but which is incorrect statement?

Graft and tumor rejection are mediated primarily by:

The following statements are related to Rhesus D alloimmunization in pregnancy which statement is incorrect?

Newborns get their antibodies from mother’s milk. This is an example of?

The ideal storage conditions of adjuvanted vaccines in a refrigerator are between:

The characteristic of antigen-antibody interactions occur in primary stage:

In the application Antigen- Antibody reaction, which one is correct?

Tetanus toxoid is usually given to humans:

A patient presents with an increased number of lymphocytes in his peripheral blood. Which of the following is an appropriate technique to find out which type of lymphocytes these are?

What is a live attenuated vaccine?

What is the mode of administration for anti-measles vaccine?

A vaccine that activates both cell- mediated and humoral immunity would most likely be :

Antigen-presenting cells that activate helper T cells must express which one of the following on their surfaces?

Vaccination is an example of?

Which of the following immune cells/molecules are most effective at destroying intracellular pathogens?

Which of the following antibodies would most likely be found in body secretions such as tears, milk, saliva and mucus?

The process of weakening a pathogen is called:

Which of the following statements are true regarding polio vaccines:

The efficacy is:

The purpose of clinical trial of a vaccine is:

What vaccine can be used for pregnant women?

The inability of very young children to respond to the measles vaccine due to the persistence of maternal antibody is similar in principle to and exploited in which of the following?

The adverse effects of vaccines are linked to:

To drive antigen for proliferating and differentiating into armed effector T cells, The activated T cells produce :

The type of T-cells that destroy host cells bearing foreign antigen:

What is the immune cell in adaptive immunity?

Adjuvant used in HPV vaccine is:

The complement system involved in the inflammation are: