The process of weakening a pathogen is called:

During the maturation of a B lymphocyte, the first immunoglobulin heavy chain synthesized is:

In the application Antigen- Antibody reaction, which one is correct?

The following statements are important mechanisms in which immunoglobulin molecules are essential included but except one?

Small chemical groups on the antigen molecule that can react with antibody

The ideal storage conditions of adjuvanted vaccines in a refrigerator are between:

The complement system involved in the inflammation are:

Name the cytokine produced by Th1 cells that are responsible for activating macrophages:

All the given vaccines are attenuated or inactivated whole pathogen except:

For vaccination against mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, the most important facet of the immune response to be stimulated is:

The classical pathway of complement activation is:

All are factors influencing in immunogenicity but except:

The class of immunoglobulin present in highest concentration in blood of a human newborn is

Adjuvant used in HBV vaccine is:

What is a live attenuated vaccine?

The following statements are related to hepatitis B and pregnancy which statement is incorrect?

Which of the following immune cells/molecules are most effective at destroying intracellular pathogens?

What vaccine should not be frozen:

What vaccine should be avoided for the pregnant woman?

The cytotoxic T-cells is involved in:

What is the immune cell in adaptive immunity?

The following statements are the use of passive immunization included but except one?

Adjuvant used in HPV vaccine is:

Graft and tumor rejection are mediated primarily by:

Natural humoral immune response against a pathogen leads to the production of:

HBV vaccine and HBIG are given at same time at two different injection sites within:

The immunoglobulins transport across placenta mostly:

What is the mode of administration for anti-measles vaccine?

The Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs) is located in:

The characteristic of antigen-antibody interactions occur in primary stage:

All are therapeutic applications of polyclonal antibodies but except one?

Several of the complement components are:

The main advantage of passive immunization over active immunization is that:

Vaccination is an example of?

The herd immunity is:

The class of immunoglobulin present in highest concentration in blood of a human newborn is:

Which of the following antibodies would most likely be found in body secretions such as tears, milk, saliva and mucus?

The Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are divided into:

To which one of the following groups would it be acceptable to give a live attenuated viral vaccine?

The efficacy is:

Serum which contains antibodies is called:

Newborns get their antibodies from mother’s milk. This is an example of?

All are mechanism of action of complement but except:

Mode of IPV vaccine administration is:

The complement system consists of about:

Which of the following immune cells/ molecules are most effective at destroying intracellular pathogens?

The type of T-cells that destroy host cells bearing foreign antigen:

Which of the following antibodies have a positive effect on babies through breast feeding?

To drive antigen for proliferating and differentiating into armed effector T cells, The activated T cells produce :

Which of the following is not an ideal property of a vaccine?

Which of the following statements are true regarding polio vaccines:

In the vaccine response, interleukin (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) acts to?

In the immune response to a hapten–protein conjugate, in order to get anti-hapten antibodies, it is essential that:

The complement system involved in phagocytic function are:

All are examples of names of monoclonal antibodies but except one?

The adverse effects of vaccines are linked to:

Which of the following is a polysaccharide vaccine:

A potential disadvantage of immunological protection using passive transfer of horse globulins is:

The first line of defense against invading pathogens:

The immunoglobulins transport across epithelium:

The immune cells that is linked between innate and adaptive immunity are:

All are 3 main effects of complement but except:

In the application Antigen- Antibody reaction, which one is not correct?

The following statements are related to Rhesus D alloimmunization in pregnancy which statement is incorrect?

The technology used for the production of monoclonal antibodies is:

The general principle of vaccination was established by:

What vaccine can be used for pregnant women?

The effectiveness is:

The immunoglobulins participated in complement system formation are:

The antibody-binding site is formed primarily by:

All are important characteristics of innate immunity but except:

Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh blood group incompatibility requires maternal antibody to enter the fetal bloodstream. Therefore, the mediator of this disease is:

An antigen is:

In the vaccine response, INF gamma, TNF alpha and IL12 act on?

The class II MHC molecule appeared to bind with receptor of:

In the application Antigen- Antibody reaction, which one is correct?

All are Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) but except:

All are immune cells in innate immune system but except:

The following statements are criteria for a good vaccine but which is incorrect statement?

What is the mode of administration for BCG vaccine?

Successful immunization can be impaired by:

Which of the following antibody types forms a pentamer?

Which category of hypersensitivity best describes hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh incompatibility?

Which of the following statement is true

Which of the following immune mechanism is responsible for protecting us from diseases of other species?

Which of the following is not the function of antibody?

The bonds involved in antigen-antibody interactions are

In the application Antigen- Antibody reaction, which one is correct?

Primary lymphoid organs include

All are functions of immunoglobulins but except:

In order to elicit an immune response, a carbohydrate must be which of the following?

Antigen-presenting cells that activate helper T cells must express which one of the following on their surfaces?

What is the mode of administration for PCV-13 vaccine?

The role of the macrophage during an antibody response is to:

The naive T cells are:

The characteristic of antigen-antibody interactions occur in second stage:

An epitope:

All the following comes under non-specific defence mechanism except

What is the minimum percentage of children which needs to be vaccinated successfully in order to achieve herd immunity to diphtheria:

An immunoglobulin is a:

The complement system involved in chemotaxis are:

Tetanus toxoid is usually given to humans:

A primary immune response in an adult human requires approximately how much time to produce detectable antibody levels in the blood?

The purpose of clinical trial of a vaccine is:

A vaccine that activates both cell- mediated and humoral immunity would most likely be :

The class I MHC molecule appeared to bind with receptor of:

All are the measure for post rabies exposure prophylaxis, but except one?

The characteristic of antigen-antibody interactions occur in tertiary stage:

Which of the following substances will not stimulate an immune response unless they are bound to a larger molecule?

Infectious material from what illness was used to develop the first vaccine?

The classical pathway of complement activation is:

The complement system are synthesized by:

The circulation of a two month old breast-fed baby will contain maternal:

Which of the following statement is true regarding vaccination:

The immune cells that is linked between innate and adaptive immunity are:

An epitope is:

Often patients are immune to diseases like chicken pox once infecte. This immunity is an example of?

Which of the following is the site of T cell maturation?

Antigen presenting cells for vaccine are:

Which antibody is the first to be released into the blood following an infection?

Skin is the largest organ in the body and protects us by preventing pathogen entry. This is an example of?

A patient presents with an increased number of lymphocytes in his peripheral blood. Which of the following is an appropriate technique to find out which type of lymphocytes these are?

Injection of immunoglobulin is:

Injection of anti-venom to a patient for snake bite is example of?

Immunogen is:

In an immune response the type of cell which gets activated earliest is:

The first recombinant antigen vaccine approved for human use is:

The impact is:

The inability of very young children to respond to the measles vaccine due to the persistence of maternal antibody is similar in principle to and exploited in which of the following?

The antigen-antibody interactions occur in: