Immunologie Générale Et Appliquée Preparation (Dr. Ly Nary)

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1 / 50

T-lymphocytes recognize antigen?

a. Presented by MHC molecules on other cells

b. Only if it has been present in the thymus during maturation of the T-cell

c. If it occurs in a free molecular state

d. By endocytosing and partially digesting it

2 / 50

Precursors of macrophages are called?

a. Monocytes

b. killer cells

c. T cells

d. Plasma cells

3 / 50

Which of the following can be accurately called a cytokine?

a. An antibody secreted by a B cell

b. A lipid secreted by a Natural Killer cell that activates a B cell

c. A nuclear protein that regulates lymphocyte gene expression

d. A protein secreted by a T lymphocyte that activates a macrophage

4 / 50

A vaccine administered in the autumn of one year may protect against the prevalent strain of influenza virus that originated in Hong Kong that same year, but it will not protect against another strain of influenza virus that originated in Russia. This phenomenon illustrates which property of the adaptive immune system?

a. Loss of memory

b. Specialization

c. Self tolerance

d. Specificity

5 / 50

5) previously healthy 8-year-old boy is infected with an upper respiratory tract virus for the first time. During the first few hours of infection, which one of the following events occurs?

a. The adaptive immune system responds rapidly to the virus and keeps the viral infection under control

b. B and T lymphocytes recognize the virus and stimulate the innate immune response. A previously healthy

c. The innate immune system responds rapidly to the viral infection and keeps the viral infection under control.

d. Passive immunity mediated by maternal antibodies limits the spread of infection.

6 / 50

IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- are proinflammatory cytokines that are known to?

a. Initiate acute-phase responses.

b. Cause increased vascular permeability.

c. Act in concert with chemokines to promote migration of inflammatory cells to sites of infection.

d. All of the above

7 / 50

Cytokines attract which of the following to the affected tissue?

a. All of the above

b. Macrophages

c. Lymphocytes

d. Basophils

8 / 50

The paracortical area of a lymph node comprises mainly?

a. Macrophages

b. T-cells

c. Plasma cells

d. Follicular dendritic cells

9 / 50

A standard treatment of animal bite victims, when there is a possibility that the animal was infected with the rabies virus, is administration of human immunoglobulin preparations containing anti–rabies virus antibodies. Which type of immunity would be stablished by this treatment?

a. Passive humoral immunity

b. Active cell-mediated immunity

c. Innate immunity

d. Active humoral immunity

10 / 50

10)

In DiGeorge syndrome, the thymus fails to develop. Which of the following characterizes the immunodeficiency state in this syndrome?

a. Deficiency in T lymphocytes and associated defects in cell-mediated immunity

b. Defect in naive B cell activation and antibody production in response to bacterial polysaccharides

c. Deficiency in monocytes and tissue macrophages

d. Deficiency in B cell maturation

11 / 50

11)

The secretion of antibodies by lymphocyte B cells provides?

a. Passive immunity

b. Permanent immunity

c. Humoral immunity

d. Cell-mediated immunity

12 / 50

12)

Which of the following cell types is a phagocyte?

a. Mast cell

b. Neutrophil

c. Natural killer cell

d. T lymphocyte

13 / 50

13)

The proteins secreted by plasma cells are called?

a. Complement

b. Antibodies

c. Antigens

d. Cytokines

14 / 50

14)

Which type of T cell lyses cells that have been infected with viruses?

a. Inducer T cells

b. Cytotoxic T cells

c. Helper T cells

d. Suppressor T cells

15 / 50

15)

When a B-lymphocyte encounters a foreign antigen with the appropriate specificity?

a. The cell rapidly differentiates into a natural killer cell.

b. The cell begins to secrete complement.

c. he cell undergoes clonal proliferation.

d. The antigen is bound by the co-receptor CD4.

16 / 50

16)

Which one of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?

a. Peyer’s patch

b. Thymus

c. Lymph nodes

d. Spleen

17 / 50

17)

All secondary lymphoid tissues?

a. Select against lymphocytes that recognize self-antigens.

b. Provide an environment for the maturation of lymphocytes.

c. Filter foreign antigens from the lymph.

d. Provide an optimal environment for the exposure of lymphocytes to antigens.

18 / 50

18)

The most important costimulators for naïve T cell activation are which of the following?

a. PD-L1 and PD-L2

b. ICOS Ligand

c. FAS Ligand

d. B7-1 and B7-2

19 / 50

19)

Which of the following statements regarding the functional properties of cytokines is false?

a. They exhibit synergistic or antagonistic properties.

b. They often exhibit functional redundancy.

c. They assist in the regulation and development of immune effector cells.

d. They often display antigen specificity.

20 / 50

20)

A 5-year-old boy with recurrent infections is discovered to have a genetic defect that impairs B cell maturation. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely to be found in this patient?

a. Diminished parafollicular zones in lymph nodes

b. Small thymus

c. Hypocellular bone marrow

d. Absence of follicles in lymph nodes and spleen

21 / 50

21)

At 15 months of age, a child received a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). At age 22, she is living with a family in Mexico that has not been vaccinated and she is exposed to measles. Despite the exposure, she does not become infected. Which of the following properties of the adaptive immune system is best illustrated by this scenario?

a. Memory

b. Specificity

c. Specialization

d. Diversity

22 / 50

22)

Tissue macrophages are derived from which type of circulating blood cell?

a. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

b. Monocyte

c. Basophil

d. Small lymphocyte

23 / 50

23)

Most naïve T cell activation occurs where and in response to what?

a. In the thymus in response to antigen presentation by thymic medullary epithelial cells

b. In the infected tissues in response to antigen presentation by macrophages

c. In the skin in response to cytokines

d. In secondary lymphoid organs in response to antigen presentation by dendritic cells

24 / 50

24)

Which subsets of T cells recognize antigens presented by class II MHC molecules?

a. CD4+ helper T cells

b. Memory T cells

c. Natural killer T cells

d. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

25 / 50

25)

Which of the following molecules or molecular complexes functions to display foreign antigens on the surface of cells?

a. Co-receptor CD8

b. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

c. Co-receptor CD4

d. T-cell receptor (TCR)

26 / 50

26)

Lymphocytes?

a. Enter the tissues and remain there for the rest of their life.

b. When mature are only found in secondary lymphoid organs.

c. Are only educated in the thymus.

d. Recirculate between blood and lymphoid tissues.

27 / 50

27)

A one year old boy with a history of severe infections is found to have very few circulating mature T cells or NK cells, but normal numbers of B cells. Genetic studies reveal he has X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome. Defective signaling by the receptor for which cytokine is the underlying cause of this disease?

a. IL-4

b. IL-1

c. IL-2

d. IL-7

28 / 50

28)

The germinal center reaction generates long lived plasma cells which secrete protective high affinity B cells for many years. Where do these cells reside?

a. Parathyroid

b. Bone marrow

c. Thymus

d. Skin

29 / 50

29)

The secondary, but not the primary, immune response is based on?

a. Memory

b. Clonal selection

c. Mast cell degranulation

d. Complement activation

30 / 50

30)

The site of T-cell maturation is the?

a. Thymic cortex

b. Splenic red pulp

c. Lymph node germinal center

d. Peyer’s patch

31 / 50

31)

What kind of cell is most numerous in the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) of the spleen?

a. T-lymphocytes

b. Plasma cells

c. Macrophages

d. B-lymphocytes

32 / 50

32)

The spleen is largely involved with the response to antigens which are in the?

a. Tissues

b. Lungs

c. Blood

d. Gut

33 / 50

33)

Plasma cells?

a. Destroy aged red blood cells.

b. Require epithelial reticular cells in the thymus in order to mature.

c. Recognize and kill cells coated with antibodies.

d. Are part of the adaptive immune system response.

34 / 50

34)

Langerhans’ cells are found in?

a. Lymph nodes

b. Skin

c. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

d. Lymph

35 / 50

35)

At the peak of a CD8+ T cell response to a new microbe, what is the fold increase in the number of microbe-specific T cells in an individual compared to the number of naïve CD8+ T cells specific for the microbe before infection?

a. 1000

b. 100

c. 10000

d. 100,000

36 / 50

36)

Antigen-presenting cells?

a. Display antigens using class II MHC.

b. Are required for B-cell activation.

c. Recognize antigens bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

d. Express the T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface.

37 / 50

37)

Which of the following is not a function of the innate immune system?

a. Rapidly respond to microbial infections by promoting acute inflammation

b. Respond to damaged and dying host cells by inducing acute inflammation

c. Respond to microbial infections by inducing expression of T cell costimulators on antigen presenting cells

d. Respond to microbial infections by inducing a state of long lived memory that prevents repeat infections by the same microbe

38 / 50

38)

When antigens enter through the skin, in what organs are they concentrated?

a. Skin-draining lymph nodes

b. Spleen

c. Thymus

d. Bone marrow

39 / 50

39)

Clonal selection occurs when a B-lymphocyte encounters?

a. Complement

b. Antigen

c. Cytokines

d. T-lymphocytes

40 / 50

40)

According to the clonal selection hypothesis, which of the following is correct?

a. Antigen binding to a lymphocyte receptor selects that lymphocyte to die

b. Lymphocyte specificity is determined by exposure to an antigen

c. Each clone of lymphocytes express receptors for many different antigens

d. Clones of lymphocytes specific for antigens develop prior to exposure to the antigens

41 / 50

41)

The germinal center is an important site of?

a. Hematopoiesis

b. Initial germ line V gene rearrangement.

c. T-cell maturation.

d. B-cell maturation.

42 / 50

42)

Which of the following cell types is NOT known to act as an antigen-presenting cell for CD4+ T cells?

a. B lymphocytes

b. NK cells

c. Dendritic cells

d. Macrophages

43 / 50

43)

Which of the following mechanisms contributes most to both Ig and TCR diversity?

a. Multiple possible combinations of the different V, D, and J segments

b. Polymorphism

c. Isotype switching

d. Changes in the nucleotide sequences at the junctions between recombined V, D, and J segments

44 / 50

44)

A drug that blocks the function of the chemokine receptor CCR7 would result in which of the following abnormalities?

a. Absence of B cell follicles in the spleen

b. Absence of follicular dendritic cells in lymph node follicles

c. Reduced blood neutrophil count

d. Reduced numbers of T cells in lymph nodes

45 / 50

45)

Which enzyme contributes to antigen receptor junctional diversity by adding random nucleotides at the junctions between V, D, and J segments and is also useful as a marker of neoplasia of pro-B and pro- T cells?

a. DNA-dependent protein kinase

b. DNA polymerase

c. Recombinase activating gene-1 (RAG-1)

d. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)

46 / 50

46)

Neutrophils?

a. Are part of the innate immune system response

b. Mature in the thymus.

c. Secrete antibodies in response to antigens.

d. Are antigen-presenting cells.

47 / 50

47)

A 52-year-old man who receives radiation therapy and cytotoxic drugs for treatment of cancer sustains significant damage to his bone marrow. Which of the following changes will most likely occur?

a. Decreased production of neutrophils and monocytes but not B lymphocytes

b. Decreased production of B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes

c. Decreased production of B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and red blood cells

d. Decreased production of monocytes but not B lymphocytes

48 / 50

48)

During the negative selection of T-cells in the thymus?

a. A majority of the cells survive to enter the circulation

b. T-cells that recognize "self" antigens undergo apoptosis

c. The surviving T-cells migrate to the bone marrow

d. T-cells with CD-8 receptors on their surface undergo apoptosis

49 / 50

49)

Where B lymphocytes mature?

a. Bone marrow

b. Spleen

c. Thymus

d. Lymph nodes

50 / 50

50)

In both B and T cell development, there is stage when a pre-antigen receptor (pre B cell receptor or pre T cell receptor) is expressed. Which of the following accurately describes an important function of these pre-antigen receptors?

a. Instruct the differentiation of the lymphocytes into different subsets of effector cells

b. Positively select for lymphocytes that have successfully undergone a first round of V-D-J recombination required to express functional antigen receptors

c. Negatively select for self-reactive lymphocytes

d. Positively select lymphocytes that recognize microbial antigens

Your score is

The average score is 89%

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