Immunologie Générale Et Appliquée Preparation (Dr. Ly Nary)

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1 / 50

All secondary lymphoid tissues?

a. Select against lymphocytes that recognize self-antigens.

b. Provide an optimal environment for the exposure of lymphocytes to antigens.

c. Provide an environment for the maturation of lymphocytes.

d. Filter foreign antigens from the lymph.

2 / 50

Most naïve T cell activation occurs where and in response to what?

a. In the infected tissues in response to antigen presentation by macrophages

b. In the thymus in response to antigen presentation by thymic medullary epithelial cells

c. In the skin in response to cytokines

d. In secondary lymphoid organs in response to antigen presentation by dendritic cells

3 / 50

Which of the following is not a function of the innate immune system?

a. Rapidly respond to microbial infections by promoting acute inflammation

b. Respond to microbial infections by inducing a state of long lived memory that prevents repeat infections by the same microbe

c. Respond to damaged and dying host cells by inducing acute inflammation

d. Respond to microbial infections by inducing expression of T cell costimulators on antigen presenting cells

4 / 50

Which subsets of T cells recognize antigens presented by class II MHC molecules?

a. Natural killer T cells

b. Memory T cells

c. CD4+ helper T cells

d. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

5 / 50

Which of the following molecules or molecular complexes functions to display foreign antigens on the surface of cells?

a. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

b. Co-receptor CD4

c. Co-receptor CD8

d. T-cell receptor (TCR)

6 / 50

When a B-lymphocyte encounters a foreign antigen with the appropriate specificity?

a. he cell undergoes clonal proliferation.

b. The antigen is bound by the co-receptor CD4.

c. The cell rapidly differentiates into a natural killer cell.

d. The cell begins to secrete complement.

7 / 50

What kind of cell is most numerous in the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) of the spleen?

a. T-lymphocytes

b. B-lymphocytes

c. Plasma cells

d. Macrophages

8 / 50

8) previously healthy 8-year-old boy is infected with an upper respiratory tract virus for the first time. During the first few hours of infection, which one of the following events occurs?

a. Passive immunity mediated by maternal antibodies limits the spread of infection.

b. B and T lymphocytes recognize the virus and stimulate the innate immune response. A previously healthy

c. The innate immune system responds rapidly to the viral infection and keeps the viral infection under control.

d. The adaptive immune system responds rapidly to the virus and keeps the viral infection under control

9 / 50

Neutrophils?

a. Mature in the thymus.

b. Are part of the innate immune system response

c. Are antigen-presenting cells.

d. Secrete antibodies in response to antigens.

10 / 50

10)

The site of T-cell maturation is the?

a. Lymph node germinal center

b. Peyer's patch

c. Splenic red pulp

d. Thymic cortex

11 / 50

11)

Precursors of macrophages are called?

a. Monocytes

b. T cells

c. Plasma cells

d. killer cells

12 / 50

12)

In DiGeorge syndrome, the thymus fails to develop. Which of the following characterizes the immunodeficiency state in this syndrome?

a. Deficiency in monocytes and tissue macrophages

b. Deficiency in B cell maturation

c. Defect in naive B cell activation and antibody production in response to bacterial polysaccharides

d. Deficiency in T lymphocytes and associated defects in cell-mediated immunity

13 / 50

13)

Clonal selection occurs when a B-lymphocyte encounters?

a. Antigen

b. Cytokines

c. T-lymphocytes

d. Complement

14 / 50

14)

A 5-year-old boy with recurrent infections is discovered to have a genetic defect that impairs B cell maturation. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely to be found in this patient?

a. Diminished parafollicular zones in lymph nodes

b. Hypocellular bone marrow

c. Absence of follicles in lymph nodes and spleen

d. Small thymus

15 / 50

15)

Tissue macrophages are derived from which type of circulating blood cell?

a. Basophil

b. Small lymphocyte

c. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

d. Monocyte

16 / 50

16)

Which enzyme contributes to antigen receptor junctional diversity by adding random nucleotides at the junctions between V, D, and J segments and is also useful as a marker of neoplasia of pro-B and pro- T cells?

a. DNA polymerase

b. DNA-dependent protein kinase

c. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)

d. Recombinase activating gene-1 (RAG-1)

17 / 50

17)

IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- are proinflammatory cytokines that are known to?

a. Initiate acute-phase responses.

b. All of the above

c. Cause increased vascular permeability.

d. Act in concert with chemokines to promote migration of inflammatory cells to sites of infection.

18 / 50

18)

Which of the following can be accurately called a cytokine?

a. A nuclear protein that regulates lymphocyte gene expression

b. An antibody secreted by a B cell

c. A protein secreted by a T lymphocyte that activates a macrophage

d. A lipid secreted by a Natural Killer cell that activates a B cell

19 / 50

19)

During the negative selection of T-cells in the thymus?

a. A majority of the cells survive to enter the circulation

b. T-cells with CD-8 receptors on their surface undergo apoptosis

c. T-cells that recognize "self" antigens undergo apoptosis

d. The surviving T-cells migrate to the bone marrow

20 / 50

20)

At 15 months of age, a child received a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). At age 22, she is living with a family in Mexico that has not been vaccinated and she is exposed to measles. Despite the exposure, she does not become infected. Which of the following properties of the adaptive immune system is best illustrated by this scenario?

a. Specificity

b. Diversity

c. Specialization

d. Memory

21 / 50

21)

T-lymphocytes recognize antigen?

a. Only if it has been present in the thymus during maturation of the T-cell

b. By endocytosing and partially digesting it

c. If it occurs in a free molecular state

d. Presented by MHC molecules on other cells

22 / 50

22)

The most important costimulators for naïve T cell activation are which of the following?

a. B7-1 and B7-2

b. ICOS Ligand

c. FAS Ligand

d. PD-L1 and PD-L2

23 / 50

23)

Which one of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?

a. Thymus

b. Lymph nodes

c. Peyer's patch

d. Spleen

24 / 50

24)

Which of the following cell types is NOT known to act as an antigen-presenting cell for CD4+ T cells?

a. Dendritic cells

b. Macrophages

c. B lymphocytes

d. NK cells

25 / 50

25)

The paracortical area of a lymph node comprises mainly?

a. Follicular dendritic cells

b. Plasma cells

c. T-cells

d. Macrophages

26 / 50

26)

The secretion of antibodies by lymphocyte B cells provides?

a. Humoral immunity

b. Cell-mediated immunity

c. Passive immunity

d. Permanent immunity

27 / 50

27)

A drug that blocks the function of the chemokine receptor CCR7 would result in which of the following abnormalities?

a. Reduced blood neutrophil count

b. Reduced numbers of T cells in lymph nodes

c. Absence of follicular dendritic cells in lymph node follicles

d. Absence of B cell follicles in the spleen

28 / 50

28)

A vaccine administered in the autumn of one year may protect against the prevalent strain of influenza virus that originated in Hong Kong that same year, but it will not protect against another strain of influenza virus that originated in Russia. This phenomenon illustrates which property of the adaptive immune system?

a. Specialization

b. Self tolerance

c. Specificity

d. Loss of memory

29 / 50

29)

In both B and T cell development, there is stage when a pre-antigen receptor (pre B cell receptor or pre T cell receptor) is expressed. Which of the following accurately describes an important function of these pre-antigen receptors?

a. Instruct the differentiation of the lymphocytes into different subsets of effector cells

b. Positively select lymphocytes that recognize microbial antigens

c. Positively select for lymphocytes that have successfully undergone a first round of V-D-J recombination required to express functional antigen receptors

d. Negatively select for self-reactive lymphocytes

30 / 50

30)

Which of the following cell types is a phagocyte?

a. T lymphocyte

b. Natural killer cell

c. Mast cell

d. Neutrophil

31 / 50

31)

Which of the following statements regarding the functional properties of cytokines is false?

a. They exhibit synergistic or antagonistic properties.

b. They often exhibit functional redundancy.

c. They often display antigen specificity.

d. They assist in the regulation and development of immune effector cells.

32 / 50

32)

The germinal center reaction generates long lived plasma cells which secrete protective high affinity B cells for many years. Where do these cells reside?

a. Bone marrow

b. Thymus

c. Parathyroid

d. Skin

33 / 50

33)

Which type of T cell lyses cells that have been infected with viruses?

a. Helper T cells

b. Suppressor T cells

c. Inducer T cells

d. Cytotoxic T cells

34 / 50

34)

The proteins secreted by plasma cells are called?

a. Complement

b. Antibodies

c. Antigens

d. Cytokines

35 / 50

35)

When antigens enter through the skin, in what organs are they concentrated?

a. Skin-draining lymph nodes

b. Spleen

c. Bone marrow

d. Thymus

36 / 50

36)

According to the clonal selection hypothesis, which of the following is correct?

a. Lymphocyte specificity is determined by exposure to an antigen

b. Clones of lymphocytes specific for antigens develop prior to exposure to the antigens

c. Each clone of lymphocytes express receptors for many different antigens

d. Antigen binding to a lymphocyte receptor selects that lymphocyte to die

37 / 50

37)

The spleen is largely involved with the response to antigens which are in the?

a. Lungs

b. Gut

c. Blood

d. Tissues

38 / 50

38)

A one year old boy with a history of severe infections is found to have very few circulating mature T cells or NK cells, but normal numbers of B cells. Genetic studies reveal he has X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome. Defective signaling by the receptor for which cytokine is the underlying cause of this disease?

a. IL-4

b. IL-7

c. IL-2

d. IL-1

39 / 50

39)

Cytokines attract which of the following to the affected tissue?

a. Macrophages

b. All of the above

c. Lymphocytes

d. Basophils

40 / 50

40)

Lymphocytes?

a. Enter the tissues and remain there for the rest of their life.

b. Recirculate between blood and lymphoid tissues.

c. When mature are only found in secondary lymphoid organs.

d. Are only educated in the thymus.

41 / 50

41)

Plasma cells?

a. Destroy aged red blood cells.

b. Are part of the adaptive immune system response.

c. Recognize and kill cells coated with antibodies.

d. Require epithelial reticular cells in the thymus in order to mature.

42 / 50

42)

Antigen-presenting cells?

a. Are required for B-cell activation.

b. Display antigens using class II MHC.

c. Express the T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface.

d. Recognize antigens bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

43 / 50

43)

Where B lymphocytes mature?

a. Lymph nodes

b. Thymus

c. Spleen

d. Bone marrow

44 / 50

44)

A standard treatment of animal bite victims, when there is a possibility that the animal was infected with the rabies virus, is administration of human immunoglobulin preparations containing anti–rabies virus antibodies. Which type of immunity would be stablished by this treatment?

a. Active humoral immunity

b. Innate immunity

c. Active cell-mediated immunity

d. Passive humoral immunity

45 / 50

45)

At the peak of a CD8+ T cell response to a new microbe, what is the fold increase in the number of microbe-specific T cells in an individual compared to the number of naïve CD8+ T cells specific for the microbe before infection?

a. 1000

b. 100

c. 100,000

d. 10000

46 / 50

46)

A 52-year-old man who receives radiation therapy and cytotoxic drugs for treatment of cancer sustains significant damage to his bone marrow. Which of the following changes will most likely occur?

a. Decreased production of neutrophils and monocytes but not B lymphocytes

b. Decreased production of B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and red blood cells

c. Decreased production of monocytes but not B lymphocytes

d. Decreased production of B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes

47 / 50

47)

The germinal center is an important site of?

a. Initial germ line V gene rearrangement.

b. T-cell maturation.

c. B-cell maturation.

d. Hematopoiesis

48 / 50

48)

Langerhans’ cells are found in?

a. Skin

b. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

c. Lymph

d. Lymph nodes

49 / 50

49)

Which of the following mechanisms contributes most to both Ig and TCR diversity?

a. Multiple possible combinations of the different V, D, and J segments

b. Polymorphism

c. Isotype switching

d. Changes in the nucleotide sequences at the junctions between recombined V, D, and J segments

50 / 50

50)

The secondary, but not the primary, immune response is based on?

a. Memory

b. Clonal selection

c. Complement activation

d. Mast cell degranulation

Your score is

The average score is 74%

Any comments?

Any problems/errors or mistakes found while testing, please let us know for modification!

និស្សិតអាចប្រាប់មកកាន់ពួកយើងបានដើម្បីកែកំហុស ឬអំពីបញ្ហាដោយអចេតនាណាមួយដែលកើតមានកំឡុងពេលធ្វើតេស្ត