Oral Biology Test

The three major salivary glands are:

The number of permanent teeth is:

Caries associated with pre-eruptive enamel hypoplasia:

The statements about the branchial apparatus are true except:

The major component of dental plaque is:

The pH at which initiation of caries begins is:

Advanced bell stage of tooth development refers to:

Supernumerary roots occur mainly with:

The following organisms is found in deep carious lesions rather than in incipient lesions is:

In a developing tooth, if Hertwig’s sheath and the epithelial diaphragm were failed to form, the resulting tooth would exhibit:

The malleus of inner ear originates from:

Oral foci of Miller’s are seen in:

Deglutition problem can lead to:

One group of structures is entirely derived from the dental sac:

One of the following is a component of tooth germ:

Dental caries can be classified with respect to the site of the lesion:

The maxillary processes:

For a bacterium to be seriously considered in the etiology of dental caries, it must:

One of the following is important for the development of teeth is:

A layer of cells that seems to be essential to enamel formation but do actually secrete the enamel except:

The mesenchymal cells lying adjacent to the inner enamel epithelium:

The primary cause of periodontal disease is:

All of the muscles mastication is involved in closing the mandible except:

Each taste bud consists of:

The Hertwig epithelial root sheath of disintegrates:

One of the following is true about ankylosis:

Actual eruptive movements of tooth occur mainly in a:

The medial pterygoid follows the same angle as masseter arising from the medial pterygoid plate, where does it attach on the mandible at:

All of the following are involved in the formation of a tooth except:

The palatal shelves:

The most pronounced effect on the oral microflora of a reduction in rate of salivary flow is a:

Enamel pearls occur in:

In the post-eruptive phase, a tooth undergoes primarily:

The taste sensations appear to be located from the parts of:

Concerning the tongue:

Functions of the digestive system are:

Which minor salivary glands are purely serous:

Inner enamel epithelium:

Dental follicle cells:

Odontogenesis of the primary dentition begins between:

Stem cell hierarchy from top to bottom?

What is Yamanaka’s factors?

What is the outcome of regeneration?

Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term transcription factors.?

Cells responsible for repair and regeneration consist of?

Yamanaka’s factors were used to generating iPSc in 1st generation because:?

The inner cell mass cells have the potential to generate any cell type of the body, but after implantation, they are quickly depleted as they differentiate to other cell types with more limited developmental potential. ?

Four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) sometimes is called Yamanaka’s factors.?

Ethical issues associated with the production of ESCs do apply to iPSCs, which offer a controversial strategy to generate patient-specific stem cell lines.?

Cytokines are a broad and loose category of long big proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signalling.?

What is the biggest conflict of using mesenchymal stem cells?

A protein that works with transcription factors to decrease the rate of gene transcription?

Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor?

The main reason for formation of scale is due to detraction of connective tissue.?

Activation, or promotion – increase the rate of gene transcription?

Protein synthesis consist of 2 steps. What are they, and where do they take place?

Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos at a developmental stage before the time that implantation would normally occur in the uterus. Normally, it takes about 10 days.?

In order to identify multi-potency stem cells, ones has to undergo cellar differentiation EXCLUDE?

A protein that binds to DNA and regulates gene expression by promoting or suppressing transcription?