Pédiatrie Preparation (Pr. Sruor Yina)

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1) What are the different risk factors involved for the development of protein energy malnutrition?

a. All of the above

b. Infections like measles, Pertusis, diarrhea

c. Child abuse (Neglect)

d. Ignorance of parents about the importance of child nutrition

e. Low socioeconomic conditions

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2) What is the importance of serum albumin determination in the assessment of protein energy malnutrition?

a. To diagnose hyper-albuminemia

b. To diagnose hypo-albunemia

c. To diagnose hypo-albunemia, To assess protein malabsorbtion

d. To assess protein malabsorbtion

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3) One of the advantages of providing small frequent feeds in the acute phase of dietary management of PEM is:

a. It reduces the risk of infection

b. It increases appetite; therefore, the child could strive to gain weight at earliest time

c. None of the above

d. It minimizes the risk of vomiting, hypoglycemia and hypothermia

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4) What are the basic causes of protein –energy malnutrition?

a. All of the above

b. None

c. War

d. Drought

e. Social inequality

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5) In the clinical work up of protein energy malnutrition, what laboratory investigations can be done in a routine laboratory setup?

a. Stained red blood cell morphology assessment

b. Hemoglobin determination

c. Differential leukocyte count

d. All of the above

e. Serum albumin determination

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6) What pathogens contribute indirectly to the development of protein energy malnutrition?

a. All of the above

b. Bacteria

c. Viruses

d. Parasites

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7) What is the importance of hemoglobin determination in the assessment of protein energy malnutrition?

a. To diagnose polycythemia

b. To diagnose anemia

c. None of the above

d. To assess the presence of abnormal red blood cell morphology

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8) The objective of the rehabilitation phase in dietary management of PEM is

a. To decrease the risk of vomiting, diarrhea and hypothermia

b. To increase and promote a rapid rate of catch up growth through administration of high energy and protein

c. To avoid unnecessarily prolonged hospital stay so as to prevent cross infection

d. To promote the participation of mothers/care givers in the dietary management process.

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9) The basic objective of managing a child with protein energy malnutrition is the following except one:

a. Treating superimposed infections

b. Provision of immunization (measles)

c. Managing complications

d. Correction of specific nutrient deficiencies

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10) What is the importance of differential leukocyte count (particularly lymphocyte count) in the assessment of protein energy malnutrition?

a. All of the above

b. To diagnose the presence of infections

c. To see the presence of atypical lymphocytes

d. To determine the relative lymphocyte count as an indicator of viral infection in protein energy malnutrition

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11) Which age groups of children are more predisposed to protein energy malnutrition (kwashiorkor)?

a. Children 2-3 years old

b. Children 4-5 years

c. None

d. Under one year

e. All under five

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12) Why is weaning time usually the period for the syndrome of protein energy malnutrition to set in?

a. Ceasing or reduction of breast-feeding

b. All

c. Improper weaning practices like introduction of supplementary foods abruptly

d. Use of bottle-feeding with diluted and dirty formula predisposing the child to infection

e. None

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13) How common is the problem of protein energy malnutrition?

a. Severe forms of malnutrition are frequent in the order of 5-10% in developing countries

b. All are correct

c. The prevalence of mild and moderate forms Protein energy Malnutrition range from 20-40%

d. Wasting follows seasonal shortage of food

e. Stunting is the more common form of malnutrition than wasting in most developing countries including Ethiopia

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14) What sanitary measures should be taken to prevent PEM?

a. All of the above

b. None of the above

c. Provision of safe and adequate food

d. Sources of water should be protected

e. Personal and environmental hygiene should be maintained

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15) Which of the following is a false statement?

a. Marasmus is one of the problems of our society

b. Protein energy malnutrition is associated with diarrhea, Malnutrition is non-preventable communicable disease

c. Protein energy malnutrition is associated with diarrhea

d. Malnutrition is non-preventable communicable disease

e. Immunization can prevent malnutrition

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16) What is the importance of studying stained red cell morphology in the assessment of protein energy malnutrition?

a. All of the above

b. To assess nutritional anemia

c. It enables the classification of anemia

d. To diagnose iron deficiency anemia

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Pédiatrie Preparation (Pr. Sruor Yina)

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និស្សិតអាចប្រាប់មកកាន់ពួកយើងបានដើម្បីកែកំហុស ឬអំពីបញ្ហាដោយអចេតនាណាមួយដែលកើតមានកំឡុងពេលធ្វើតេស្ត